Loading…
arrow_back View All Dates
Tuesday, September 24
 

7:00am HST

Moderator Training Session (Repeat of Monday's session)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 7:30am HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 7:30am HST
Coral 2

7:00am HST

Awardee Breakfast
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 7:45am HST
This event is by invitation only for the ASHS award winners.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 7:45am HST
Hibiscus

7:00am HST

Speaker Ready Room - Tuesday
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 5:00pm HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 5:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 1-2

7:00am HST

Registration Open - Tuesday
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 6:00pm HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 7:00am - 6:00pm HST
Coral Lounge

8:00am HST

Plenary Welcome and ASHS Awards Ceremony
Tuesday September 24, 2024 8:00am - 9:00am HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 8:00am - 9:00am HST
Coral 3

8:00am HST

AHIS Lightning Competition
Tuesday September 24, 2024 8:00am - 10:00am HST
Open to all ASHS graduate student members - the AHIS group is sponsoring a Lightning Talk Competition. In 5 minutes, use one PowerPoint slide to explain your research and one additional slide about how AHIS helps you and in return how you can be involved with AHIS. First place will receive $250! Second and third place will receive $150 and $100, respectively.
 
Participant Registration Required: Deadline September 3, 2024 https://ufl.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_81D3oGfIOVV2RrE
Slide Submission: Deadline September 17, 2024 https://ufl.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9NPwLQUdF0FLAx0


sponsored by The Wonderful Company
Moderator
TV

Tripti Vashisth

University of Florida

Tuesday September 24, 2024 8:00am - 10:00am HST
South Pacific 4

9:00am HST

Keynote Speaker: Heidi Leianuenue Bornhorst
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:00am - 10:00am HST
"Native Hawaiian Plants for Landscaping, Xeriscaping and Conservation"
Presented by Horticulturist and Arborist, Heidi Leianuenue Bornhorst

Heidi Leianuenue Bornhorst is a Horticulturist and Certified Arborist specializing in native Hawaiian plants, Horticulture, Xeriscaping and Restoration of native habitats.
Heidi has an M.S. in Horticulture and a Certificate in Public Administration. She is a speaker and garden writer.
She has worked in Leadership positions in public gardens, including the Hale Koa Hotel, Honolulu Botanical Gardens, (Foster, Wahiawa, Liliuokalani, Koko Crater, and Ho`omaluhia), and as Horticulturist at the Honolulu Zoo. She has also worked at the National Tropical Botanical Garden on Kaua`i, Lyon Arboretum, U.H. Manoa and Kupuna for Hawaiian Studies, DOE.
She is a landscape design and maintenance Consultant, with her company Pruning for Productivity, helping people grow their Dream Gardens (and be practical and scientific too), and as an Arborist, providing right sizing and professional pruning of valuable fruit trees.
She is the O`ahu Coordinator for the Breadfruit Institute helping with `Ulu tree distribution, Horticulture, proper tree trimming, and long-term care and maintenance.
Heidi was a founding partner of the Mangoes at the Moana Hotel annual festival, where she spoke about caring for and proper pruning and planting of mango trees, a judge in the Best Mango tasting contest and Mango recipe contest. Our goal: A Fruit tree in every Hawaii Garden!
She got her start as a Volunteer at Foster Garden, and as an Apprentice Gardener at the National Tropical Botanical Garden. She holds a B.S. and M.S. from U.H. Manoa. She was an apprentice gardener at Longwood Gardens in Pennsylvania, and at the RHS Wisley Botanic Garden in England.
She authored the book:  Growing Native Hawaiian Plants and wrote the Hawai`i Gardens column for the Honolulu Star Advertise for 30 years.
She was the Garden expert on ‘the Morning Garden’ early morning KITV.
She is a noted public speaker, expert tour guide, and Hike leader.

Speakers

Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:00am - 10:00am HST
Coral 3

9:59am HST

Nursery Crops 1 (NUR 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:15am HST
Seventy Years of Evaluations and Selections of Ornamentals by the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program. - Todd West
Tea Plant Propagation for Nursery Production - Carol Miles
Establishment of Fraser Fir Christmas Tree Plantations in Response to Mulch and Root Dips - Bert Cregg
Cultivating Control: Effective Suppression Methods for Jumping Worms in Container Nursery Production - Jenna Simon
Effects of Water Quality and Fertilization Practices on Container Tree Growth in Nurseries - Zachary Davis
Moderator
avatar for Bert Cregg

Bert Cregg

Michigan State University
Dr. Bert Cregg is a professor of Horticulture and Forestry at Michigan State University. He conducts research and extension programming on the physiology and management of trees in landscapes and nursery and Christmas tree production.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:15am HST
South Pacific 3

9:59am HST

Commercial Horticulture 1 (CHEX 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:30am HST
A comprehensive analysis of Vidalia Onions transplanting and its impacts - Regimar do Santos
Is Winter Squash a Potential Alternative Cucurbit Vegetable Crop to Combat Whitefly and Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses for Fall Production in Southern Georgia? - Nirmala Acharya
Evaluating Onsite Nitrate and Potassium Sensors - Destany Westlake
Filling the Gaps for Informed Adoption of Carolina Strong Back Grafted Nursery: Transplanting Time and Spacing Optimization - Sukhman Kaur
Substrate Hydro-Physical Properties in Soilless Agriculture: Investigating the Role of Container Geometry on Substrate Air and Water Profiles - Brandan Shur
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Compost As An Alternative To Peat - Shawn Steed
Moderator
NA

Nirmala Acharya

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:30am HST
South Pacific 2

9:59am HST

Plant Nutrient Management 1 (PNM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:30am HST
Evaluating Nitrogen Application Rates on Open-field Fresh-market Tomato Production in North Mississippi: Preliminary Results - Ibukun Ayankojo
Effect of Bacterial Biostimulant Applied at Different N Rates in Potatoes - Lakesh Sharma
Evidence of Downregulation in Atmospheric Nitrogen-Fixation Associated with Native Hawaiian Sugarcane - Noa Lincoln
Nitrate Leaching Potential of UAN and Organic Soybean Extract Fertilizers Applied to Lettuce - Dave Goorahoo
Evaluating the N Status of Tomato Supplied with Soluble and Controlled-release Urea Formulations - Laura Jalpa
Understanding Nitrogen Uptake Potential of Two Wetland Plants Under Varied Water Temperatures and Nitrogen Concentrations - Saroj Burlakoti
Understanding the Boron-Yield Relationship in Pistachio Orchards - Mukesh Mehata
Moderator
LJ

Laura Jalpa

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:30am HST
Kahili

9:59am HST

Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments 1 (CE 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:45am HST
Transcriptomic Analysis of Kale (Brassica oleracea) Grown Under Different Light Emitting Diode Wavelengths Revealed Potential Genes Responsible for Phenotypic Changes - Tristan Sanders
Blue Light Mediates Far-Red Light Effects on Increasing Leaf Area and Shoot Mass of Kale and Lettuce - Jiyong Shin
Interactions Between Blue Light and Far-Red Light on Growth of Culinary Herbs - Bridget Knight
Blue and Green Light and Temperature Interactively Regulate Growth, Morphology, Physiology, and Phytochemicals of Lettuce - Sangjun Jeong
Supplemental Blue and UV-B Light Enhances Amino Acid-Derived Flavor Compounds in Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes - Samikshya Bhattarai
Characterizing the effect of blue light on water relations of unrooted cuttings during indoor acclimation - Ana Sofia Gomez
Shedding Light on Nutrition: The Influence of Supplemental Lighting on Glucosinolate Concentrations in Brassica Plants and Their Potential Anticarcinogenic Effects in Human Diets - Skyler Brazel
Moderator
SB

Skyler Brazel

University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:45am HST
Coral 1

9:59am HST

Marketing and Economics (MKEC)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:45am HST
Consumer Shopping Destination Preferences For Outdoor Garden Plants In The United States - Vivek Bist
Producer Awareness and Treatment of Ambrosia Beetle: Evidence from a Producer Survey - Ben Campbell
Consumer Awareness, Treatment Perception, and Purchasing Response to Flathead Borer - Ben Campbell
Market Research to Reinvigorate the Processed Vegetable Industry using Consumer Sensory Evaluations - Ann Colonna
Consumer Preferences for Commercially Available Poinsettia Cultivars in South Mississippi - Patricia Knight
Understanding the Characteristics of Ethnic Markets and Help Small Growers to Find Niche - ChyiLyi Liang
Consumers' WTP on Sustainability Turfgrass Attributes with Consideration of Aesthetic Attributes and Water Conservation Policies - Chanjin Chung
Moderator
CC

Chanjin Chung

Oklahoma State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 11:45am HST
South Pacific 1

9:59am HST

Pomology 1 (POM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 12:00pm HST
Prohexadione Calcium Does Not Affect Thinning Efficacy of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid in ‘Golden Delicious’ - Annie Vogel
Carbohydrate Status of Apple Fruitlets following Chemical Thinner Application Informs Sink Strength and Fruit Set - Laura Hillmann
Performance of a reflectance spectroscopy model to predict apple fruitlet thinning efficacy - James Larson
Overexpression of the Coding Sequence of Ma1 Decreases Fruit Acidity in ‘Royal Gala’ Apple - Lailiang Cheng
Striking the Right Balance: Innovative PGR Strategies for Fruit Drop Mitigation and Color Enhancement in Apples - Sherif Sherif
Rapid Fruit Growth Rates of Honeycrisp Apples Cause Premature Dysfunction of Xylem, Reduced Peel Calcium, and Increased Susceptibility to Bitter Pit - Chayce Griffith
Carbohydrate And Nitrogen Storage Are Inversely Affected By Crop Load For 'Honeycrisp' And 'Gala' Apples - Thiago Campbell
Impacts of Rootstock and Crop Load Adjustment on Fruit Quality and Mineral Nutrients in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple - Esmaeil Fallahi
Moderator
LC

Lailiang Cheng

Cornell University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 9:59am - 12:00pm HST
Nautilus

10:00am HST

CE 1 - Transcriptomic Analysis of Kale (Brassica oleracea) Grown Under Different Light Emitting Diode Wavelengths Revealed Potential Genes Responsible for Phenotypic Changes
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wavelengths significantly influenced kale growth, morphology, and nutrient content. The importance of indoor agriculture is being recognized, but few studies have investigated the influence of LEDs, particularly green wavelengths, on crops at the transcriptome level. The objective of this study was to use RNA sequencing technology to elucidate the genetic response of kale to blue (BV), green (G), and red (RF) LEDs compared to the combination of all the LEDs (RFBVG), control. Results revealed total amount of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 1373 for kale grown under BV LEDs, 924 under G LED, and 133 under the RF LED treatments. DEGs enriched in kale grown under RF LEDs played roles in regulating hormone metabolic processes and oxidoreductase activity. In the BV treatment, several enzymes in the phenolic biosynthetic pathway were upregulated compared to the control which may explain previous results reporting higher levels of phenolic content in kale grown under BV LEDs. In the G LED treatment, the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, heme binding, and oxidoreductase activity were upregulated compared to those in the control group. These results may support previous findings of higher iron content in kale grown under G LEDs. Further, the G LED treatment upregulated the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play key roles in plant growth and stress responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of different LED wavelengths by RNAseq provides information to improve indoor cultivation practices that optimize crop growth and nutrient value.
Speakers
TS

Tristan Sanders

West Virginia University
NA
Co-authors
JT

Janet Tou

West Virginia University
NA
NW

Nicole Waterland

West Virginia University
NA
YM

Youyoun Moon

West Virginia University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Coral 1

10:00am HST

CHEX 1 - A comprehensive analysis of Vidalia Onions transplanting and its impacts
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Onions are a key crop in the United States. In 2023, 138,000 acres were cultivated in the country with onions. Georgia harvested 11,700 acres in 2023, reaching an average production of 129,000 tons. The onion transplanting process is crucial to the crop cycle and is directly linked to the production potential and quality of the bulbs. Every year, thousands of workers are employed to transplant onion seedlings, which results in a wide variation in operational performance and quality of execution between them. These factors are influenced by the experience and conditions in which the workers operate, which can lead to failures in the process, such as double plants, partially transplanted and plants that have fallen to the ground. Furthermore, manual work is slow and requires many workers, increasing the cost of the operation. Therefore, we aimed with this study to assess the time required to manually transplant onions, the quality of manual transplanting, and the impact of inadequate transplanting on crop development. To assess how much time it takes to transplant an acre of onions, and the quality of transplanting, twenty-five people were observed during their work at a commercial field in Glennville-GA. To assess the impact of poor-quality transplanting, an experiment was carried out in four 10ft replications (10x4ft beds) in Reidsville-GA, simulating four situations observed in the commercial field. Treatments were: T1: 25% of the plants in the plot laying on the ground, T2: 25% partially transplanted, T3: 100% properly transplanted, T4: 25% multiple transplanted, T5: 100% laying on the ground. The difference in operational efficiency between workers exceeded ~20 hours per acre. Results indicated that, in average, one person transplanted 1 acre in approximately 30 hours. The fastest person in the crew transplanted in 22 hours, while the slowest took around 40 hours to transplant 1 acre. Poor-quality transplanting of seedlings exceeded up to 11%. The average number of multiple seedlings was 1%, partially transplanted seedlings was 6%, and laying on the ground was 5.5%. Plant development was assessed based on the number of leaves. Properly transplanted seedlings generated a greater number of leaves compared to the other treatments. Higher leaf number was observed in treatment 3 with an average of 7.33 leaves per plant. All the treatments differed from treatment 5, which had an average of 4.6 leaves per plant. Results indicate that good practices on transplanting can increase onion yield.
Speakers
avatar for Regimar dos Santos

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
Co-authors
LO

Luan OIiveira

University of Georgia
NA
LS

Lucas Sales

University of Georgia
Agronomy Engineer graduated from the Federal University of Paraíba. With experience in the management and cultivation of Ornamental Plants, through a year of experience working in Greenhouses in the state of New Hampshire, USA. Experienced in the management and cultivation of vegetables... Read More →
MB

Marcelo Barbosa

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
South Pacific 2

10:00am HST

MKEC - Consumer Shopping Destination Preferences For Outdoor Garden Plants In The United States
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Outdoor garden plants are integral products in the nursery and garden stores industry in the United States. Industry reports indicate that home improvement centers and big-box stores pose a significant threat to small garden centers, nursery stores, and ornamental farmers through price competition while small local ornamental businesses tend to focus on personalized products and services to compete with chain retail stores. Identifying the key characteristics of consumer clusters that influence consumer shopping destination preferences can be useful for industry players to devise efficient marketing plans for their niche markets. This study employs cluster analysis techniques and multinomial logistic regression on the cross-sectional data collected from an online survey of 609 consumers to estimate the influence of consumer economic and socio-demographic characteristics on their shopping destination choices. The results from this study indicate that retail consumers of outdoor garden plants can be categorized broadly into four clusters: home improvement center shoppers (47.4%), big-box center shoppers (13.5%), local garden center shoppers (21.2%), and farmers’ market shoppers (17.9%). This study also finds that age, ethnicity, education, household income, number of children in the household, urbanicity, housing arrangements, and political inclination are useful predictors of shopping destination preferences for outdoor garden plants. This study adds valuable information to the market research literature for the retail ornamental horticulture industry.
Speakers
VB

Vivek Bist

Agricultural & Natural Resources Agent, University of Georgia
Co-authors
BC

Benjamin Campbell

University of Georgia
JM

Jeffrey Mullen

University of Georgia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
South Pacific 1

10:00am HST

NUR 1 - Seventy Years of Evaluations and Selections of Ornamentals by the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
The North Dakota State University (NDSU) Woody Plant Improvement Program has been servicing the Northern Great Plains for 70 years, beginning germplasm trial evaluations in 1954. NDSU purchased an 80-acre (~32 hectares) farm in the early 1970s to be established as the NDSU Horticulture Research Farm near Absaraka, ND and began trial plantings in fall of 1974. This research farm provides ideal horticultural soil for evaluation and breeding projects for ND. Approximately 45 acres (~18 hectares) of this farm is used for evaluation, selection and breeding of woody ornamental plants including a 35-acre (~14 hectares) research arboretum. This research arboretum is the most extensive collection of woody ornamental plants in North Dakota and in the Northern Great Plains. There have been over 15,000 accessions obtained, evaluated, and developed since planting began in 1974. Accessions have been collected from local, regional, national, and international sources. After 50 years, this program has introduced 62 superior ornamental woody plants for production and sale with 44 active registered trademarks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. NDSU woody plant introductions have a nursery wholesale sale value of over $2.0 million and a $6.0 million value in retail sales for 2022 alone. Introductions are currently being propagated for sale by commercial wholesale firms in four countries: Australia, Canada, England, and the United States (22 states, including 35 nurseries). The primary focus of this program is with increasing the diversity and availability of woody plants with increased disease/insect resistance and winter hardiness for landscapes throughout North Dakota, region, and nation. One issue that this program is addressing is that native woody (trees and shrubs) plant species diversity is extremely low in the central United States, especially in North Dakota. Most of the available trees and shrubs in the specialty crop nursery trade in North Dakota are non-native introductions. Many non-native plants have been shown to be invasive to native environments. Woody plant research has reacted to this issue utilizing sterility breeding. This results in new cultivars that are not considered invasive and are allowed to be utilized by the commercial nursery and landscape industry, even in states where they are banned. Sterility breeding through polyploid induction has become a focus of the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program. The research focus of this project is to induce, or develop, polyploids produce sterile cultivars to be used in the nursery and landscape trade.
Speakers
avatar for Todd West

Todd West

North Dakota State University
Dr. Todd P. West is currently a Professor at North Dakota State University and director of the NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program. He earned his Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. The NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program focuses on the development of new woody... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
South Pacific 3

10:00am HST

PNM 1 - Evaluating Nitrogen Application Rates on Open-field Fresh-market Tomato Production in North Mississippi: Preliminary Results
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Nitrogen (N) is an essential crop nutrient and is a major production requirement for vegetable crops, critical for optimum yield and fruit quality. An adequate supply of N improves plant growth and health, reduces plant susceptibility to diseases, and minimizes the risk of groundwater and surface water pollution. There is limited information on the N requirements for commercial vegetable production systems in Mississippi (MS). This project aims to establish the critical N application rate for open-field fresh-market tomato production in northeast Mississippi. The study was conducted at North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona MS. The evaluated treatments (0, 73, 109, 145, 218, and 290 kg/ha-N) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. For each treatment, the total required amount of nitrogen application was applied at a split rate of 50% preplant (ammonium nitrate, 33-0-0 and fertigation (Calcium nitrate, 15.5-0-0). Fertigation was applied weekly starting at 6 weeks after transplanting. Both potassium and phosphorus were the same for all treatments and applied at 100% pre-plant using 0-46-0 and 0-0-60 formulations respectively. Yield data were collected at fruit maturity and analyzed for statistical differences among treatments. Preliminary results suggest significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments for leaf tissue N concentration. The total marketable yield and extra-large fruit categories were highest (p < 0.05) at 290 kg/ha-N compared to other treatments. The results also clearly demonstrated that the observed yield increase at a higher N rate (290 kg/ha-N) was attributed to increase in total fruit number at maturity and bigger fruit size. The observed yield for the unmarketable fruit category was highest at N application rate of ≤ 73 kg/ha. Based on the preliminary results obtained, the optimum N application rate for open-field fresh-market tomato production in northeast MS could be up to 290 kg/ha. However, more studies are currently being conducted to validate these preliminary results.
Speakers
avatar for Timothy Ayankojo

Timothy Ayankojo

Assistant Professor, Mississippi State University
Co-authors
JW

Jeff Wilson

Mississippi State University Extension
TH

Thomas Horgan

Mississippi State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Kahili

10:00am HST

POM 1 - Prohexadione Calcium Does Not Affect Thinning Efficacy of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid in ‘Golden Delicious’
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Apple’s (Malus × domestica Borkh.) tendency towards biennial bearing necessitates management strategies such as fruit thinning and vigor control. Applications of plant growth regulators to manage crop load and vigor overlap in the spring. A precursor to ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; Accede®) was recently registered as a chemical fruit thinner in the USA. Prohexadione-calcium (P-Ca) is a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor widely used to manage vigor. It is suspected that P-Ca may interfere with ACC precursors, decreasing thinning efficacy of ACC. We evaluated the effects and interactions of ACC and P-Ca on shoot growth, ethylene evolution, leaf area, and yield responses of mature ‘Golden Delicious’. The experiment was conducted in 2023, in Mills River, NC, USA. Treatments included ACC (400 mg∙L-1), P-Ca (250 mg∙L-1), ACC P-Ca, and an untreated control. Application of P-Ca occurred on three dates. ACC was applied when average fruit diameter was ~20 mm. Across all measured responses, there were no interactions between ACC and P-Ca. P-Ca had a negative main effect on shoot growth rate (48.7–75.4% reduction). ACC reduced leaf number of spurs 4 and 9 days after treatment (DAT). Ethylene evolution in fruit and spurs was increased by ACC 1, 4, and 9 DAT (spur: 1.1e4%, 5300%, and 515%, respectively; fruit: 9200%, 725%, and 222%, respectively). ACC had a negative effect on fruit number, yield, and crop density (60.1%, 56.5%, and 60.3% reduction, respectively). These results indicate that ACC and P-Ca can be used simultaneously to manage crop load and vigor, respectively
Speakers
AV

Annie Vogel

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
CC

Christopher Clavet

North Carolina State University
NA
JL

James Larson

Utah State University
TK

Thomas Kon

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:15am HST
Nautilus

10:00am HST

Coffee Break
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:30am HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 10:30am HST
Coral 4/5 - Conference Central

10:00am HST

Meet the 2024 Award Recipients
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 11:00am HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 11:00am HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

10:00am HST

Workshop: Specialty Crop Community Databases and Breeding Data Management Tools
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 12:00pm HST
In this interactive workshop, participants will be provided training on how to use Rosaceae (GDR, www.rosaceae.org), Vaccinium (GDV, www.vaccinoum.org) and Citrus (www.citrusgenomedb.org) specialty crop databases resources, as well as the Breeding Data Management tools, BIMS (www.breedwithbims.org), and the Field Book App for phenotype data collection. Using a case-study approach we will focus on how to use these integrated resources most efficiently for research and crop improvement efforts, how to apply FAIR data principles to sharing and submitting research data to these databases at the time of publication and facilitate a robust dialogue between researcher, breeders and the development team on needed improvements and long-term sustainability options for these resources.

This interactive workshop will bring together researchers and breeders to accelerate research and crop improvement in specialty crops. It will provide training and feedback on how to most effectively use the NIFA SCRI and National Research Support project 10 (NRSP10) funded Rosaceae, Citrus, and Vaccinium specialty crop databases and breeding data management resources (BIMS and Field Book), learn how to follow FAIR data principles, foster better two-way communication for increased feedback from researchers on further development of these resources, and continue to build a robust community around these research and crop improvement tools. The trainers include users and developers of these resources, ranging from early career to well-known and respected research enabling resource generators.

The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR), Genome Database for Vaccinium, and Citrus Genome Database (CGD) offer critical resources and tools to enable genomic, genetic, and breeding research for fruit, nut, and ornamental crops of great economic importance to the U.S. In addition, BIMS (BreedwithBIMS.org) and the Field Book APP provide widely used tools for managing plant breeding program data. While these resources are heavily used worldwide, many researchers are unaware of the full potential of using them and how they can contribute their own data for wider recognition and reuse. This interactive workshop aims to bridge this knowledge gap by providing hands-on training for specialty crop researchers on how to best use these resources and contribute their data. The workshop will also solicit ideas from participants on how to improve these databases and discuss the various options to make them sustainable in the long term. The workshop will bolster the utilization of integrated big data, promote future data sharing, and ensure that data is FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable).

The workshop aims to bring together researchers to accelerate research by more effective use of specialty crop databases and breeding data management resources, encouraging data submission at the time of publication, and gaining feedback from researchers. Through hands-on training, participants will become more familiar with the database resources and breeding data management tools, learn how to submit their data, and provide essential input for improving these databases and their long-term sustainability.

Coordinator(s)
  • Dorrie Main, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
Moderator(s)
  • Cameron Peace, Washington State University, Horticulture, Pullman, WA, United States

Speaker/Participant(s)
  • Dorrie Main, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
Introduction to the Workshop and Specialty Crop Research Databases (15 mins)

  • Jodi Humann, Washington State University, Horticulture, Pullman, WA, United States
How to efficiently use integrated genomics data and tools for research (20 mins)

  • Sook Jung, Washington State University, Horticulture, Pullman, WA, United States
    How to efficiently use integrated genetics data and tools for research (20 mins)

  • Nahla Bassil, USDA ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR, United States
    How to efficiently use integrated germplasm and genotype data for research (15 mins)
    Summary:

  • Trevor Rife, Clemson University, Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Florence, SC, United States
    How to use the Field Book App for phenotypic data collection (15 mins)
  • Sushan Ru, Auburn University, Auburn, United States
    How to use the Breeding Information Management System, BIMS, for Crop Improvement (20 mins)
  • Cameron Peace, Washington State University, Horticulture, Pullman, WA, United States


Moderator
CP

Cameron Peace

Washington State University
Speakers
avatar for Dorrie Main

Dorrie Main

Professor, Washington State University
I am a member of the Pullman Charter School Initiative team and am particularly interested in how to set up and maintain a thriving Washington State Charter School to serve the needs of Eastern Washington students.
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
avatar for Jodi Humann

Jodi Humann

Research Associate, Washington State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 12:00pm HST
Coral 2

10:00am HST

National Issues Committee
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 12:00pm HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 12:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 3

10:00am HST

Exhibit Hall Hours - Tuesday
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 2:00pm HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 2:00pm HST
Coral 4/5 - Conference Central

10:00am HST

ASHS Conference Central - Tuesday Hours
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 5:00pm HST
Resume Reviews - Tuesday September 24 - Friday September 27 -
Sign up at https://forms.gle/JQs6Nk6juM5vwfoaA
Reviewers Needed, Especially Industry
Sign-up at https://forms.gle/T65PqzTsBDepBR6k
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:00am - 5:00pm HST
Coral 4/5 - Conference Central

10:14am HST

Weed Control and Pest Management 1 (WCPM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:14am - 11:30am HST
Evaluation of Plant Hormones and Other Seed Treatments to Reduce Injury Caused by Preemergent Herbicides on Direct-seeded Turnips and Collard Greens - Matthew Cutulle
Flaming, Cultivation, and Handweeding Weed Control in Organic Carrot Production Systems with Different Fertilizer Types - Peter Dittmar
Tolerance of Peppermint to Herbicides Applied Post-Harvest - Stephen Meyers
Developing a Biobased, Compostable Mulch that Crops Grow Through - Samuel Wortman
Evaluating Application Approaches for Enhancing the Weed Suppression Effectiveness and Crop-Safety of Preemergence Herbicides in Vegetable Plasticulture Production - Ramdas Kanissery
Moderator
SM

Stephen Meyers

Purdue University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:14am - 11:30am HST
Lehua Suite

10:14am HST

Teaching Methods 1/ Administrators (TCHG 1/ADMIN)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:14am - 12:00pm HST
FFAR Fellows:  Opportunities for Horticulture PhD Students - John Dole
Nurturing Knowledge: The Impact of Assuming Professional Role in Achieving Learning Objectives in Upper-Level Horticulture Courses - Shivani Kathi
Mid-semester Teaching Evaluations to Enhance Course Communication - Rebekah Maynard
Evaluation of Packback - an AI-Assisted Writing Program for Student Assignments in Horticulture Courses - Navreet K Mahal
Evolution Of An Undergraduate Tropical Crop Production Systems Course - Kent Kobayashi
Service-learning Horticulture Students Growing Food for Themselves and Others - Carl Motsenbocker
Assessing "Teaching Effort" to Ensure Fairness and Equity Across Diverse Course Types - Linda Prokopy
Moderator
KD

Kent D. Kobayashi

Interim Dept. Chair, TPSS Dept., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:14am - 12:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

10:15am HST

CE 1 - Blue Light Mediates Far-Red Light Effects on Increasing Leaf Area and Shoot Mass of Kale and Lettuce
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
There are contrasting effects of far-red (FR; 700–750 nm) light on leaf area and biomass in plants. These differences have been attributed to photon flux density (PFD) and species/cultivar differences. In a previous experiment, total PFD (TPFD) did not mediate the influence of FR light on leaf area and shoot mass when the TPFD alterations were only of red (R; 600–699 nm) and FR light. Therefore, we hypothesized that blue (B; 400–499 nm) light controls the influence of TPFD in regulating the effects of FR light on leaf area and shoot mass. We cultivated kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) ‘White Russian’ and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) ‘Rex’ and ‘Rouxai’ under 12 lighting treatments with a 24 h∙d−1 photoperiod and TPFDs of 85, 170, 255, or 340 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 and FR fractions [FR-PFD divided by the sum of R and FR PFD] of 0.00, 0.17, or 0.33. The alterations in the TPFDs were solely due to B-PFD; the sum of R and FR PFD was constant in all treatments. Preliminary results indicate that elevated FR fraction did not increase leaf area and shoot mass of all three crops in the absence of B light, when the TPFD was 85 µmol∙m−2∙s−1. However, a high B-PFD and thus TPFD amplified the effects of a high FR fraction at increasing leaf area and shoot mass of all three cultivars. These high FR-fraction effects were correlated with increased biomass partitioning to leaves at a high B-PFD and thus TPFD. These results imply that the contrasting effects of FR light on leaf area and biomass in previous studies could be attributed to the B-PFD. In addition, the influence of TPFD on FR-fraction effects is primarily influenced by the B-PFD.
Speakers
avatar for Jiyong Shin

Jiyong Shin

Michigan State University
Co-authors
ER

Erik Runkle

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Coral 1

10:15am HST

CHEX 1 - Is Winter Squash a Potential Alternative Cucurbit Vegetable Crop to Combat Whitefly and Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses for Fall Production in Southern Georgia?
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
The predominant cucurbit vegetable crop during fall in Georgia is summer squash with production value of around $94.08 million on 7,757 acres in 2022 while winter squash acreage was insignificant. Whitefly and whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTV) account for 30-50% summer squash yield losses on average and threaten squash production during fall in the region. Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) are the prominent WTV in southern Georgia. We carried out an experiment during fall 2023 in Tifton, Georgia to evaluate tolerance of winter squash varieties for whitefly and WTV and to study their potentiality for fall production in the region. We compared ten commercial hybrid varieties of which two were acorn types (‘Tay Belle’ and ‘Table Ace’), five were butternut types (‘Waltham’, ‘Ceres’, ‘Atlas’, ‘Ultra HP’ and ‘Genesis’), and one each of a hubbard type (‘Golden Hubbard’), a kabocha type (‘Sweet Mama’) and a calabaza type (‘La Estrella’). We collected data on whitefly number, silver leaf disorder, virus incidence and severity, and fruit yield. In addition, we ran quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on leaf samples to detect and quantify viruses. There were significant differences between winter squash varieties for whitefly feeding preference, silver leaf disorder, virus severity, virus loads and marketable yield. ‘La Estrella’ had the lowest number of whitefly adults per cm2 leaf area followed by all other butternut types (Genesis, Ultra HP, Waltham, Ceres, Atlas), and highest in ‘Tay Belle’, followed by ‘Table Ace’ and ‘Golden Hubbard’. We found significantly severe leaf silvering in ‘Golden Hubbard’ and ‘Sweet Mama’ followed by acorn types. We observed 100% virus incidence in all the varieties, however severity was lowest for ‘Ceres’, ‘Genesis’, ‘La Estrella’, ‘Sweet Mama’, ‘Ultra HP’ and ‘Waltham’. CCYV loads was found highest in ‘Sweet Mama’ and lowest in ‘Genesis’, ‘La Estrella, ‘Ceres’ and ‘Ultra HP’. CYSDV and CuLCrV loads were highest in ‘Table Ace’ and ‘Tay Belle’ and negligible in other varieties. We observed the highest marketable fruit yield in ‘Ceres’ (7,139 count/acre) and ‘Genesis’ (7,109 count/acre). Although ‘La Estrella’ was less infested with whitefly and WTV, it had poor fruit yields. Overall, we found butternut types mainly ‘Ceres’ and ‘Genesis’ as potential alternative cucurbit vegetable crops for fall production in southern Georgia with lower whitefly and WTV infestation resulting in the highest marketable fruit yields.
Speakers
NA

Nirmala Acharya

University of Georgia
Co-authors
DG

David G Riley

University of Georgia
NA
JC

Juan Carlos Diaz Perez

University of Georgia
MK

Manish Kumar

University of Georgia
NA
SB

Sudeep Bag

University of Georgia
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
South Pacific 2

10:15am HST

MKEC - Producer Awareness and Treatment of Ambrosia Beetle: Evidence from a Producer Survey
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Ambrosia beetles are creating a larger negative impact on tree crops throughout the U.S. As such, research is on-going to better understand ambrosia beetles and the impact of varying treatment methods. However, little is known about awareness and the treatments currently being utilized by producers throughout the U.S. This research takes an in-depth look at producer awareness, treatments utilized pre- and post-ambrosia beetle infestation, and expenditures associated with treating ambrosia beetles. Utilizing a survey of producers throughout the U.S., most producers were aware of ambrosia beetles; however, treatments to control ambrosia beetles varied considerably. Interestingly, many producers chose not to treat, which implies many producers currently do not see a positive benefit/cost to treat. A reason for lack of treatment could be the lack of consistency of ambrosia beetle infestations as many producers indicated ambrosia beetles were not a problem each year. Further, this research does provide stakeholders with information on what treatment methods are preferred and means to increase information dissemination about new ambrosia beetle treatments.
Speakers
BC

Ben Campbell

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AR

Adam Rabinowitz

Auburn University
NA
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
avatar for Julie Campbell

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
South Pacific 1

10:15am HST

NUR 1 - Tea Plant Propagation for Nursery Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the second most popular beverage worldwide and the U.S. annually imports 240 million pounds of tea. The limited availability of tea cultivars and limited knowledge for tea plant propagation are primary barriers for tea production in Washington and the U.S. overall. Time of year and section of shoot for propagation cuttings were tested in northwest Washington for tea cultivar Minto Pacific. Shoots were collected on 8 and 21 Sep, 6 and 24 Oct, 3 and 21 Nov, and 8 Dec 2022, and 18 Jan and 8 Feb 2023, then processed into top, mid, and bottom section cuttings. The bottom end of each cutting was scored (1-2 inches depth) using a knife, dipped into rooting hormone for 5-10 seconds, and placed into a treepot filled with propagation media (5:3:2 ratio peatmoss, vermiculite and perlite, pH 4.5) with the bottom node leaves resting on the mix line. Treepots were placed in a mist chamber with 50% shade and 70-80% relative humidity for 4 months. Survival rate was greatest for shoots collected from 21 Sep through 8 Dec 2022: 99.5% on average 4 months after collection. Cuttings from 8 Sep 2022 had the lowest survival rate overall: 77% at 4 months after collection. Top, mid and bottom section cuttings had an average survival of 96.7%, 95.8% and 94.7% at 4 months after collection. Plant height at 4 months after collection was greatest for cuttings collected on 8 Feb (6.6 cm) and lowest for all other dates (4.5 cm on average). Overall, cuttings from the mid and bottom sections had the greatest plant height at all times: average 5.0 cm at 1 month, average 5.1 cm at 2 months, average 5.2 cm at 3 months, and average 5.6 cm at 4 months. The number of new leaves measured in June 2023 was greatest for top and mid sections of the shoot (3.8 leaves on average) while the bottom section had the lowest number of new leaves (2.8 leaves on average). The overall health rating up to 4 months after collection was highest for cuttings collected on 6 and 24 Oct, and 8 Dec (more than 4.5 on average for all months). The top section of the shoot had the highest rating for overall health in all months (≥ 4.5). Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Cuttings, Northwest Washington, Vegetative
Speakers
CM

Carol Miles

Washington State University
Co-authors
SS

Srijana Shrestha

Washington State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
South Pacific 3

10:15am HST

PNM 1 - Effect of Bacterial Biostimulant Applied at Different N Rates in Potatoes
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Nitrogen is a crucial macronutrient for potato production, as it plays a vital role in promoting photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, and overall plant growth, ultimately contributing to higher crop yield. However, the shallow root system of potato plants and the sandy soil conditions in this region make applied nitrogen unavailable to the crop, resulting in reduced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). An alternative and eco-friendly solution is to integrate microbial consortium inoculation in nutrient management plans. This approach entails the introduction of a mixture of beneficial microorganisms known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), into the soil to promote plant growth. These N2-fixing microbes can increase soil N availability which could meet N demand of potato crop, hence can help in reducing N fertilizer input rate. Therefore, a commercial microbial biostimulant was applied with five different N rates 0, 78, 157, 235, and 314 kg ha-1. We found that microbial biostimulant did not increase tuber yield but improved NUE. Increasing N rate increased tuber yield, biomass and NUE significantly.
Speakers
LS

Lakesh Sharma

University of Florida
Dr. Lakesh Sharma is an assistant professor of soil fertility and sustainable agriculture at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. Lakesh has been farming since he was a child on his own farm. His academic school journey started in 2000. He is currently working on nutrient... Read More →
Co-authors
SS

Simranpreet Sidhu

University of Florida
NA
WD

Winniefred D Sharma

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Kahili

10:15am HST

POM 1 - Carbohydrate Status of Apple Fruitlets following Chemical Thinner Application Informs Sink Strength and Fruit Set
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Crop load management of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important orchard management practices to ensure adequate fruit size and quality. Fruitlets are most sensitive to thinner applications early in the season, between 6mm and 20mm fruitlet diameter. During this time, abscission is associated with environmental and biological factors that influence fruitlet development, growth and sink strength. The carbohydrate economy of the fruitlet and its position within the cluster (king flower vs. lateral flowers) are primary factors contributing to the sink strength of individual fruitlets. We evaluated the relationship between the non-structural carbohydrate status of apple fruitlets in three different size classes (i.e., 90th, 50th, and 10th percentile of the population) and their respective likelihood to persist throughout the season. Persistence probabilities of these size classes were generated by an empirical fruit set prediction model based on the distribution of fruitlet mass and confirmed by actual measures of fruit set. Soluble carbohydrates and starch were quantified with an enzymatic assay procedure. Following chemical thinner application, the concentration of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol) was significantly reduced on a gram / gram fresh weight basis. Fruitlets in the 10th percentile generally had the lowest concentration of soluble sugars and starch and the slowest recovery rate following chemical thinner application. Fruitlets in the 90th percentile generally had the highest concentrations of soluble sugars and starch. Our data support that differences in the carbohydrate concentration of fruitlets contribute to their sink strength and abscission fate as predicted by a fruit set prediction model.
Speakers
LH

Laura Hillmann

Michigan State University
Co-authors
TS

Thomas Sharkey

Michigan State University
NA
TE

Todd Einhorn

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Nautilus

10:15am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - FFAR Fellows: Opportunities for Horticulture PhD Students
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
The Foundation for Food and Agriculture (FFAR) Fellows Program was launched in 2018 and has become the premier professional development program for food and agriculture doctoral students. The FFAR Fellows offers leadership and professional development training for PhD students studying food and agriculture-related sciences in the U.S. and Canada. North Carolina State University leads the initiative, which provides Fellows with training, networking opportunities, and peer support. The objectives of the program are to 1) develop leadership competencies that enhance current and future individual productivity and well-being, and enhance Fellows capacity to contribute to the public good, 2) connect young scientists across research domains and geographic areas to promote multi-disciplinary understanding and problem-solving, and 3) broaden students understanding of their career options and create links to sectors beyond academia (industry, government, NGO). Over a 3-year period members of each cohort (25-30 Fellows) attend four in-person meetings plus monthly virtual sessions, create and execute annual professional development plans, and network and establish mentor-mentee relationships with industry scientists and others outside of academia. Eligible students are those who have completed their MS degrees before the program starts or current PhD students with at least three years remaining in the program. FFAR provides 50% of the funds with the rest matched from industry, NGOs, commodity organizations, or other sources of non-federal funds. Deadlines are generally late February for the Stipend Professional Development Category (providing professional development $50,000/year in support) and mid April for the Professional Development Category (providing professional development). Application requirements will be discussed in the presentation. The research program of each Fellow must address one or more of the six FFAR challenge areas, five of which relate to horticulture: Soil Health, Sustainable Water Management, Next Generation Crops, Urban Food Systems, and Health-Agriculture Nexus. Approximately 7% of the 139 Fellows are from horticulture programs. There are opportunities for more horticulture PhD students to take advantage of this program.
Speakers
JD

John Dole

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
RD

Rebecca Dunning

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
South Pacific 4

10:15am HST

WCPM 1 - Evaluation of Plant Hormones and Other Seed Treatments to Reduce Injury Caused by Preemergent Herbicides on Direct-seed
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Poor competitive ability and limited herbicide options make weed management of Brassica crops difficult. Growers often adopt the use of transplants, which is less efficient in terms of time, material, and labor when compared with direct seeding, resulting in higher prices per unit. Seed treatment with protective compounds could decrease crop injury from preemergent (PRE) herbicides making it profitable to direct-seed Brassica plants for production. Research was conducted to evaluate the ability of three candidate safeners [24-epibrassinolide, melatonin, and ascorbic acid (AsA)] to reduce injury caused by four herbicides (S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, halosulfuron, and mesotrione) applied PRE on the collard green cultivar Top Bunch and turnip cultivar Purple Top White Globe. Two independent greenhouse trials were conducted at the Clemson University Coastal Research and Education Center in Charleston, SC. Visual injury of the treated plants was evaluated weekly and dry mass was collected 21 days after treatment. Seed treatment did not reduce injury efficiently caused by pyroxasulfone, halosulfuron, and mesotrione; all doses were lethal for both crops. However, collard seeds treated using melatonin and AsA had 66% and 54% less injury caused by S-metolachlor at 514 g⋅ha–1 a.i., respectively. On turnips, melatonin was the only treatment that reduced the S-metolachlor damage on seedlings, with 43% less injury than untreated seedlings. Plant injury and plant weight correlated significantly for both Brassica crops. The reduction in injury caused by S-metolachlor when seeds were treated with melatonin and AsA validated those compounds’ protective ability. Seed treatment with melatonin could be combined with PRE applications of S-metolachlor to overcome the low weed competitive ability of these species early in the season.
Speakers
MC

Matthew Cutulle

Clemson
Weed control in vegetables and small fruits
Co-authors
SB

Sandra Branham

Clemson University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:15am - 10:30am HST
Lehua Suite

10:30am HST

CE 1 - Interactions Between Blue Light and Far-Red Light on Growth of Culinary Herbs
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Light quality can regulate growth and quality characteristics of young plants, but responses of culinary herb transplants are not well understood. Blue light generally inhibits extension growth while far-red light promotes stem elongation and leaf expansion. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between blue (400-499 nm) and far-red (700-750 nm) light on six culinary herb species, basil ‘Nufar’, cilantro ‘Santo’, parsley ‘Giant of Italy’, sage ‘Extraka’, mint ‘Spearmint’, and oregano ‘Greek’, with the goal of producing high-quality transplants with compact growth. Six indoor lighting treatments were tested with blue light photon flux densities (PFDs) of 20, 60, or 100 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 and far-red light of 0 or 60 µmol∙m−2∙s−1, with red light (600-699 nm) added so that the total PFD was 210 µmol∙m−2∙s−1 in all treatments. Seeds were sown in 72-cell trays at a constant 23 °C under a 16-h photoperiod and grown for 28-44 days until harvest. As expected, treatments with the highest far-red and lowest blue light PFDs had the greatest extension growth and those with no far-red and high blue light were the most compact. Preliminary results indicate basil, cilantro, and mint exhibited the greatest leaf area under high blue and far-red light. Generally, all species had the highest shoot fresh mass when grown with far-red light. We conclude that blue light and far-red light interact to regulate plant height and leaf area, especially in basil and sage. Therefore, including blue and far-red in the light spectrum should be considered to manage the morphology of young culinary herb plants.
Speakers
BK

Bridget Knight

Michigan State University
Co-authors
ER

Erik Runkle

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Coral 1

10:30am HST

CHEX 1 - Evaluating Onsite Nitrate and Potassium Sensors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Destany Westlake, Paul Fisher, Josh Tebow, and Ryan Dickson Maintaining nutrient balance in hydroponic systems reduces the need to dump nutrient solution, thereby reducing water and fertilizer cost, and the resulting environmental impact. Laboratory testing to monitor nutrient concentrations is reliable, however it typically requires shipment and days to weeks of processing. The objective was to test the accuracy of handheld and inline ion-selective nitrate and potassium sensors compared with laboratory analysis of these nutrients. The methodology consisted of a factorial design with four reservoirs containing two water qualities and two fertilizer recipes with one nutrient film technique (NFT) system per reservoir. Nitrate and potassium concentration was measured twice per week during a 6-week hydroponic trial with basil, using handheld sensors, inline sensors, and Lachat QuickChem 8500 Series 2 analysis by a commercial horticulture laboratory. Based on the laboratory testing, NO3-N ranged from 142 to 272 mg.L-1 and K ranged from 111 to 271 mg.L-1 during the trial. The average error ± one standard deviation for the handheld sensor minus the laboratory concentration was -26.5 ± 18.8 mg.L-1 and -9.4 ± 13.1 mg.L-1 for N and K, and for the inline sensors was 3.5 ± 27.5 mg.L-1 and -15.2 ± 32.1 mg.L-1 for N and K, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the handheld and inline sensors provided a useful and rapid estimation of N and K levels, but replicated samples should be taken and these levels should be verified by periodic laboratory analysis. Onsite testing could be an important tool for effective nutrient management to reduce nutrient loss and waste.
Speakers
DW

Destany Westlake

University of Florida
First- year Graduate Environmental Horticulture student.
Co-authors
JT

Josh Tebow

University of Arkansas
NA
PF

Paul Fisher

Floriculture Specialist at the University of FL
NA
RD

Ryan Dickson

University of Arkansas
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
South Pacific 2

10:30am HST

MKEC - Consumer Awareness, Treatment Perception, and Purchasing Response to Flathead Borer
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Flathead borers cause extensive damage for specialty crop producers throughout the U.S. As specialty crop producers attempt to mitigate damage, various treatments are being utilized. Furthermore, flathead borers cause damage in landscapes. To this end, this research examines the impact of consumer awareness and perception of flathead borer, consumer views on potential treatments in their landscape and in specialty crop production systems, and how the purchasing decision for a tree, bush, etc. might change given different probabilities of the tree, bush, etc. being impacted by flathead borer. An online survey on a representative sample of U.S. consumers conducted in 2024 found that there is little consumer awareness of flathead borer, but consumer’s recognized damage when shown pictures of what damage looked like. However, consumers had definitive opinions about flathead borer treatments, notably negative opinions about chemical treatments, though this view was heterogenous in nature. Finally, purchase decisions were impacted by the probability of a tree, bush, etc. being impacted, such that consumers were more accepting of a higher probability for minor damage, but a low probability of major damage would decrease the probability of purchase. From this research, stakeholders and researchers get a better understanding of which treatments may have a negative purchasing impact.
Speakers
BC

Ben Campbell

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AL

Alicia L Rihn

University of Tennessee
MD

Mounata Dahal

The University of Georgia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
South Pacific 1

10:30am HST

NUR 1 - Establishment of Fraser Fir Christmas Tree Plantations in Response to Mulch and Root Dips
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
In the Great Lakes region of the United States Christmas tree plantations are established by planting seedlings or transplants. Reducing plant moisture stress after planting is crucial to successful establishment of these small conifers. A myriad of products have been marketed to Christmas tree producers with claims to improve transplant success by limiting transplant shock. Since 2021, we have conducted a series of field trials in collaboration with Michigan Christmas tree growers to evaluate the effect of root dips, mulching and other cultural practices on transplant survival and growth. Root dip products applied immediately prior to planting included: DieHard™ Root Dip (endo/ecto mycorrhizae polymer), MycoApply® Injector Ecto (ectomycorrhizae), SoilMoist™ Fines, and Roots® Terra-Sorb® Fine Planting Gel (polymer). Cultural treatments that were applied following planting included: foliar antitranspirant spray (Wilt-Pruf® [25% di-1-p-menthane]), wood chip mulch, shade blocks (20.3 cm x 30.5 cm mesh screen), controlled release fertilizer, and biochar. Root dips did not affect tree survival or growth in any of the trials. Mulch and shade blocks increased shoot growth at several farms. Improved survival of trees under mulch was associated with improved soil moisture. Mulch did not affect foliar nitrogen (N) concentration, indicating that mulch did not ‘tie-up’ N. The application of Wilt-Pruf reduced transpiration but also reduced photosynthetic rate, resulting in a net decrease in shoot growth. Fertilization at planting significantly reduced survival on two of four sites. Overall, the results suggest that cultural treatments, especially mulch, are more likely to improve plantation establishment than root dips.
Speakers
avatar for Bert Cregg

Bert Cregg

Michigan State University
Dr. Bert Cregg is a professor of Horticulture and Forestry at Michigan State University. He conducts research and extension programming on the physiology and management of trees in landscapes and nursery and Christmas tree production.
Co-authors
RJ

Riley Johnson

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
South Pacific 3

10:30am HST

PNM 1 - Evidence of Downregulation in Atmospheric Nitrogen-Fixation Associated with Native Hawaiian Sugarcane
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
The study of nitrogen fixation in sugarcane has a long history that has demonstrated high potential but with substantial variation in results. This 32-month study sought to assess the response of nitrogen fixation associated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. cvs. ‘Akoki, Honua’ula, and ‘Ula) to available soil nitrogen. Plants were grown in large pots of perlite along with a fixing and a non-fixing plant control and administered liquid fertigation with varying amounts of isotopically enriched nitrogen. Assessment of nitrogen fixation utilized nitrogen isotope tracing and acetylene reduction assay in the target and control plants. Isotope enrichment and acetylene reduction assay both indicated that nitrogen fixation peaked under low nitrogen application, and declined with higher application rates, with agreement between the two methods. These results suggest that sugarcane engages in a downregulation of nitrogen fixation under high nitrogen availability, potentially explaining the high variation in published experimental results. This suggests that nitrogen management and fertilization strategy can impact the atmospheric inputs of nitrogen in sugarcane cultivation, and the potential to improve nitrogen application efficiency in cropping systems utilizing sugarcane.
Speakers
NL

Noa Lincoln

Associate Professor - Indigenous Crops, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln is an Associate Professor with a focus on Indigenous Crops and Cropping Systems, in the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, and the PI of the Indigenous Cropping Systems Laboratory.  He is the President and... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Kahili

10:30am HST

POM 1 - Performance of a reflectance spectroscopy model to predict apple fruitlet thinning efficacy
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Post-bloom apple chemical thinning relies on the application of plant bioregulators to induce fruitlet abscission, reducing crop load to improve fruit quality and promote return bloom. Abscission rates following chemical thinner application are influenced by carbohydrate status of the tree and thus widely variable. Multiple applications are often needed for growers to reach a desired crop load. However, trees are only perceptive to chemical thinners for a 3 to 4 week period shortly after bloom. Rapid prediction of chemical thinner efficacy is critical to allow growers to make necessary applications in this narrow period of time without the risk of over-thinning. In 2021 and 2022 a predictive model using reflectance spectroscopy measured with a handheld spectrometer (Felix F-750; Felix Instruments; Camas, WA, USA) was developed to predict chemical thinner efficacy for ‘Honeycrisp’ in North Carolina, USA. This model was found to predict chemical thinner efficacy with greater than 85% accuracy as early 3 days following a chemical thinner application. In 2023 and 2024 validation of this model occurred on multiple cultivars: ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Gala’, and ‘Fuji’; and in multiple growing regions: Michigan, New York, and North Carolina, USA. Performance of the developed model to predict chemical thinning efficacy in this wide range of situations will be discussed to determine commercial applicability of the model.
Speakers
JL

James Larson

Utah State University
Co-authors
LH

Laura Hillmann

Michigan State University
LG

Luis Gonzalez Nieto

Cornell University
NA
TR

Terence Robinson

Cornell University
NA
TK

Thomas Kon

North Carolina State University
NA
TE

Todd Einhorn

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Nautilus

10:30am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Nurturing Knowledge: The Impact of Assuming Professional Role in Achieving Learning Objectives in Upper-Level Horticulture Courses
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Practical experience is invaluable to students majoring in plant-related fields including horticulture. Most times students with no prior practical experience acquire the required knowledge and skills to succeed in horticulture field through college education. However, there is limited literature on the impact of courses implementing experiential learning through students assuming horticulture-related professional roles on achieving learning objectives. Hence, the current study investigated the pedagogical approach of practical learning by incorporating students undertaking management role in achieving learning objectives of upper-level horticulture courses within a classroom setting. The methodology involves implementing this student-centered activity of assuming professional role as greenhouse manager and hydroponics operation manager in two different 3000-level courses (urban horticulture and hydroponics and soilless crop production, respectively) and assessing their impact on learning outcomes. Each student assumed the role of manager for a week and experienced real-world problem solving in greenhouse and hydroponics operation management settings. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including surveys, and observational analysis, are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach in enhancing students' understanding and attainment of course objectives. Preliminary findings indicate that incorporating assumption of horticulture professional role activities fosters deeper engagement, critical thinking, and practical application of theoretical concepts. Students reported increased confidence in their abilities to apply learned principles in real-world scenarios, as well as a greater appreciation for the complexities of urban horticulture and hydroponics crop production. Overall, this research highlights the potential of experiential learning strategies, such as horticulture professional role simulations, to effectively support the achievement of learning objectives while providing students with valuable insights into professional practice. Finally, the findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on innovative pedagogical approaches and their impact on student learning outcomes in higher education settings.
Speakers
SK

Shivani Kathi

Assistant Professor, Oklahoma State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
South Pacific 4

10:30am HST

WCPM 1 - Flaming, Cultivation, and Handweeding Weed Control in Organic Carrot Production Systems with Different Fertilizer Types
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Weed management is a common weed management practice in organic weed control, however, this practice is expensive. Other integrated weed management practice could include flaming and cultivation. The study objective is to investigate flaming, cultivation, and hand weeding to develop an integrated weed control program in organic carrot. The study was conducted in an organic certified field at the North Florida Research and Education Center Suwanee County, Live Oak, FL. Treatments were a factorial design with 5 weed management programs and 2 fertilizer types. Weed management treatments were (1) flaming preseeding weekly cultivation, (2) flaming preseeding weekly cultivation 1 handweeding event, (3) flaming preseeding flaming preemergence weekly cultivation (4) flaming preseeding flaming preemergence weekly cultivation 1 handweeding event, (5) flaming preseeding flaming preemergence weekly cultivation 2 handweeding events. Fertilizer treatments were pelleted poultry litter and 50% feather meal 50% poultry litter. Carrot ‘Uppercut’ were seeded on December 3, 2020 and were harvested on May 3, 2021. Eight rows of carrot were planted on a 0.9 m bed top. Fertilizer was applied immediately after seeding. Weeds were counted by species in two 0.5 m2 quadrats prior to each basket weeder cultivation between the rows. Carrots were cultivated 6 times before the carrot were too large and would be injured. Fertilizer type were not different for weed counts at all dates. Cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata) was the only weed species in the plots from the beginning of the trial through harvest. The inclusion of flaming preplant and preemergence delayed the emergence of cutleaf evening primrose, however at 6 weeks after planting all the treatments were similar. Mid-season weed species included henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and common chickweed (Stellaria media), however, these weed species were not present late-season. Purple toadflax (Linaria purpurea) and old world diamond flower (Oldenlandia corymbosa) were the most common weed species late-season. Single handweeding had excellent control early-season, but two handweeding events controlled both the cool and warm season weeds. Early season weed control should include flaming. Between row weed management was best with cultivation. Handweeding is necessary for late season weed control when flaming and cultivation are not available.
Speakers
PD

Peter Dittmar

University of Florida
Co-authors
DT

Danielle Treadwell

University of Florida
NA
GM

Gabriel Maltais-Landry

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 10:45am HST
Lehua Suite

10:30am HST

Tips for Building Your Personal Brand While Here in Paradise: Session 3
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 11:30am HST
In this workshop section, we'll delve into the essential strategies for students and early career professionals looking to establish their professional brand. Crafting a distinct identity is crucial in today's competitive job market, and we'll explore techniques tailored to graduate students' unique experiences and aspirations. From honing your elevator pitch to leveraging your academic accomplishments, we'll cover the fundamental elements of personal branding. Additionally, we'll delve into the increasingly vital role of social media platforms in shaping professional reputations, offering insights on how to navigate and optimize these channels effectively. Whether you're aiming for a career in academia or industry, this workshop will equip you with practical tools to kickstart your journey toward building a compelling professional presence.
Speakers
avatar for Julie Campbell

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia

Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 11:30am HST
Coral 3

10:30am HST

Viticulture and Small Fruit Interest Group Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 11:30am HST
Moderator
AA

Amaya Atucha

University of Wisconsin Madison
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:30am - 11:30am HST
Sea Pearl 4

10:45am HST

CE 1 - Blue and Green Light and Temperature Interactively Regulate Growth, Morphology, Physiology, and Phytochemicals of Lettuce
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Substituting green (G; 500-600 nm) for blue (B; 400-500 nm) light can enhance crop yield through increasing leaf expansion and photon capture in indoor farming. In addition to yield, the concentration of phytochemicals may also be influenced by varying B to G light ratios. Those responses to B and G light are primarily mediated by cryptochrome photoreceptors. However, cryptochrome activity is further dependent on temperature. We hypothesized that B and G light and temperature could interactively regulate plant morphology, physiology, and secondary metabolites, consequently impacting crop yield and nutritional quality. Two cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), ‘Rouxai’ and ‘Rex’, were grown under three temperatures (20, 24, and 28 ℃) and five spectral treatments composed of B, G, and red (R; 600-700 nm) light (B40G0R60, B30G10R60, B20G20R60, B10G30R60, and B0G40R60). The subscript number following each light type represents its percentage in total photon flux density (TPFD; 400-800 nm). TPFD was maintained at a constant level of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, with R photon flux of 120 μmol·m-2·s-1 (60% of TPFD) in all treatments. Results revealed that light spectra and temperature interactively influenced plant morphology. Specifically, in Rouxai, increasing G light from 0% to 40%, coupled with decreasing B from 40% to 0%, linearly increased total leaf area at all three temperatures. Notably, the substitution of G for B light caused the greatest leaf expansion at 24 ℃ (a 64% increase at 20 ℃, a 90% increase at 24 ℃, and a 32% increase at 28 ℃). In Rex, substituting G light for B light up to 30% increased total leaf area at 20 and 24 ℃, but not at 28 ℃. Similar to Rouxai, the spectral effect on the leaf expansion of Rex was greater at 24 ℃, compared to 20 ℃. Shoot dry weight responded to spectral and temperature treatments similarly as total leaf area. Secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant capacity consistently decreased with increasing G light (or decreasing B from 40% to 0%), but the decline was more pronounced at warmer temperatures. Without significant interaction between light spectrum and temperature, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing G light. Thus, we concluded that the proportion of B and G light and temperature interactively regulated plant morphology and secondary metabolites, ultimately affecting crop yield and nutritional quality. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering the interaction between light spectrum and temperature in optimizing production systems.
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Coral 1

10:45am HST

CHEX 1 - Filling the Gaps for Informed Adoption of Carolina Strong Back Grafted Nursery: Transplanting Time and Spacing Optimization
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Grafting is an effective management strategy in watermelon crop against soil borne pathogens. Carolina strongback (SB) rootstock used for grafting, is resistant to both fusarium wilt and root knot nematodes which are devastating soil borne pest of watermelon. In addition, recent studies have shown higher vigour of SB grafted plants than regular nursery plants. However, grafted watermelon nursery is 4-5 times more expensive than regular nursery which leads to reluctance among farmers for adoption of this effective management strategy. Further, recent trials showed that grafted plant bear fruits 7-10 days later than regulate plants leading to farmers losing early profitable watermelon market. To fill these gaps for informed adoption of SB grafted nursery, a field experiment was conducted at Blackville SC with the objective to evaluate the optimum transplanting time and density of SB grafted watermelons nursery to have equivalent fruit yield and harvesting window to that of regular nursery. The experiment comprised of three transplanting times and four transplant densities in a split plot design. We will evaluate the impact of transplanting time and transplanting density on watermelon fruit yield, fruit quality, number of fruits per plant, periodic fruit harvesting yield and plant vigour.
Speakers
SK

Sukhman Kaur

Clemson University
Co-authors
BJ

Bhupinder Jatana

Clemson University
TS

Tom Sanders III

Clemson University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
South Pacific 2

10:45am HST

MKEC - Market Research to Reinvigorate the Processed Vegetable Industry using Consumer Sensory Evaluations
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
In an effort to understand perceived quality and purchase interest in processed frozen vegetables vs. their fresh counterparts, consumer sensory evaluations were conducted with Oregon consumers (n=108, 68% female, aged 18 and over). Consumers were served blind coded samples to investigate consumer preference for fresh vs. frozen select processed vegetables in appearance, aroma, color, overall liking, flavor, and texture. Utilizing hedonic scales and just-about-right methodology, consumers both rated their liking for each and assessed the ideal sweetness, texture, and moisture content. Additionally, the survey was used to probe the best strategies for increasing consumer awareness and marketability of processed vegetables and to understand consumer purchasing behavior and motivation when it relates to buying processed vegetables. Consumers also responded to questions about quality, purchase intent and ideal packaging size for processed vegetables. Consumer perception of frozen processed broccoli, while not as high as fresh, was positive. When asked about the characteristics of produce that most influence their purchasing decisions, quality and freshness were the two most important considerations to these consumers. Seventy-five percent responded either yes or depends on the price when probed about their interest in a frozen vegetable and fruit consumer supported agriculture (CSA) model. Consumers were also asked which reasons would most convince them to join a frozen vegetable and fruit CSA. The most frequently chosen options were 1) to support the livelihoods of growers and their communities, 2) frozen produce reduces waste and 3) frozen produce tastes fresher than off season produce. These ideas could be leveraged to encourage consumers to support the purchase of processed frozen vegetables as well as support a subscription service to high quality frozen produce.
Speakers
AC

Ann Colonna

Oregon State University Food Innovation Center
Co-authors
EP

Edward Peachey

Oregon State University
NA
JM

James Myers

Oregon State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
South Pacific 1

10:45am HST

NUR 1 - Cultivating Control: Effective Suppression Methods for Jumping Worms in Container Nursery Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Keywords: Amynthas spp., Biological Controls, Invasive Species, Soil Health, Temperate Ecosystems Jumping worms (Amynthas spp.) present a significant threat to biodiversity and overall soil health across temperate ecosystems. In forest systems, jumping worms alter ecological dynamics by impacting the organic litter layer, soil structure and chemistry, food web functionality, and nutrient cycling processes. These annual, hermaphroditic worms reproduce through parthenogenesis and inhabit the top few inches of moist soils. They survive extreme temperatures in their cocoon stage with the possibility of remaining dormant for several growing seasons. One inadvertent method of jumping worm spread is through container-grown nursery stock and horticultural substrates. In nursery production, jumping worms modify plant quality by consuming organic matter such as roots, altering substrate structure and chemistry in the container, and contributing to excessive nutrient leaching. The rapid movement of these worms may also impact consumer buying potential and preference. There are currently no products listed for controlling jumping worms in the United States, leading to challenges with the management of their spread. We hypothesize that control methods not yet listed for jumping worms in the United States have the potential to effectively suppress jumping worm populations in container-grown crops. Our objective was to further evaluate chemical and biological approaches for managing jumping worms in container nursery production systems. Treatments included a non-treated control, BotaniGardⓇ (2 Tbsp/gal), Thiophanate-methyl fungicide (0.625 mL/400mL), Sodium lauryl sulfate (2 mL/L ), Cedarwood oil (1.5625 mL/L), ConserveⓇ (0.317 mL/400mL), Castaway 3-0-1 Tea Seed Meal Fertilizer (2.7 g/pot), Slug MagicTM (0.5 oz/pot), and SevinⓇ (8.75 mL/400mL). The results of this work suggest differential efficacy between treatments and highlight options with potential for application in horticultural production. Identifying effective control methods benefits the scientific community and the horticultural industry by providing a foundation for future research activities centered on jumping worm management as well as limiting their spread through horticultural products. These findings support growers by outlining potential management practices that demonstrate efficacy for controlling jumping worms in the Amynthas genus.
Speakers
avatar for Jenna Simon

Jenna Simon

Research Assistant, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Jenna Simon studies invasive jumping worms (Amynthas spp.) with a focus on containerized production. She has a strong passion for the nursery profession and strives to bridge the gap between horticulture and ecology. She believes that ecology should be viewed from many different lenses... Read More →
Co-authors
BM

Brandon Miller

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
EB

Erin Buchholz

University of Minnesota
NA
JG

Josef Gorres

University of Vermont
NA
MN

Maryam Nouri Aiin

University of Vermont
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
South Pacific 3

10:45am HST

PNM 1 - Nitrate Leaching Potential of UAN and Organic Soybean Extract Fertilizers Applied to Lettuce
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
In California, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production generates over $1.8 billion in revenue. As a leafy green vegetable, Nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications can reach as much as 280 kg N/ha. The relative shallow root systems and frequent irrigation can enhance Nitrate (NO3) Leaching Potential (NLP) when the crop is grown on Sandy Loam soil. Because of economic, health, and environmental concerns, growers are exploring the option of using organically approved fertilizers such as water-soluble N derived from soy protein hydrolysate (GS) as an alternative to Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN). The objective of this study was to compare the NLP of equivalent rates of UAN and GS applied to a (1) soil-column study (Phase 1) and (2) greenhouse lettuce crop with 3 Irrigation regimes x 2 Fertilizers x 4 Rates as a factorial experiment replicated four times (Phase 2). In the Phase 1 study, approximately 2,150 ml of water containing a chloride (Cl) tracer and fertilizers at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N/ ha were applied to a fixed volume of soil at a bulk density of 1.35 g/cm3. The chloride concentrations in the leachate from both fertilizer treatments were similar, and the water balance accounted for 95% of the solution applied. The concentration and amount of NO3 in the leachate collected from soil treated with GS were lower or at least equal to that obtained from the soils treated with UAN. In contrast, the amount of residual soil NO3 was significantly higher in the soil receiving the UAN, ranging from 2 to 4 times as the application rates increased from 56 to 168 kg N/ha, respectively, implying a relatively higher NLP for the UAN. In the case of the lettuce experiment (Phase 2), there were no significant differences in the chlorophyll content based on the choice of fertilizer or application rates. Lettuce yields, expressed on a dry matter basis, were not significantly (p=0.11) different for fertilizer type, with similar fertilizer rate response curves being obtained for both UAN and GS. Finally, the mean %N and %C in the lettuce leaves were 3.22% and 40%, respectively, regardless of whether the lettuce was grown with synthetic UAN or organically derived soybean hydrolysate (GS). These preliminary findings justify the need to investigate further the impact of higher irrigation rates and even saturated conditions on the NLP of vegetables subjected to the two fertilizers used in the current study.
Speakers
avatar for Dave Goorahoo

Dave Goorahoo

Professor, California State University, Fresno
Co-authors
FC

Florence Cassel S

California State University, Fresno
GS

Govind Seepersad

The University of the West Indies- Trinidad
NA
KG

Konner Gilman

California State University, Fresno
NA
WC

Wesley Chun

Grower's Secret Inc.
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Kahili

10:45am HST

POM 1 - Overexpression of the Coding Sequence of Ma1 Decreases Fruit Acidity in ‘Royal Gala’ Apple
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Vacuolar accumulation of malic acid, the predominant organic acid in apple (Malus domestica) and many other fleshy fruits, largely determines fruit acidity, a key trait for fruit taste and flavor. ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 9 (ALMT9/Ma1) underlies a major genetic locus, Ma, for fruit acidity in apple. A natural mutation at base 1455 leads to a pre-mature stop codon that truncates the Ma1 protein by 84 amino acids to ma1, and this truncation significantly reduces Ma1’s malate transport activity by disrupting a conserved C-terminal domain, leading to low fruit acidity in recessive homozygous ma1ma1 genotypes. However, it remains unclear how Ma1 functions to transport malate across the tonoplast membrane. When the coding sequence of Ma1 was overexpressed in ‘Royal Gala’ apple (Ma1ma1) to determine its in planta function, to our surprise, the transgenic fruit had drastically reduced fruit acidity compared with the wild-type (WT). This led us to uncover that Ma1 undergoes alternative splicing. Two isoform proteins are generated by alternative splicing: Ma1beta being 68 amino acids shorter with much lower expression than the full-length protein Ma1alpha. Ma1beta does not transport malate itself, but interacts with the functional Ma1alpha, creating synergy with Ma1alpha for malate transport in a threshold manner when Ma1beta is equal to or exceeds 1/8 of Ma1alpha. In WT ‘Royal Gala’, Ma1 operates at this threshold. Overexpression of Ma1alpha triggers feedback inhibition on the native Ma1 expression via transcription factor MYB73, decreasing the Ma1beta level well below the threshold that leads to significant reductions in Ma1 function and malic acid accumulation in fruit. Overexpression of Ma1alpha and Ma1beta or genomic Ma1 increases both isoforms proportionally and enhances fruit malic acid accumulation. These findings reveal an essential role of alternative splicing in Ma1-mediated malate transport underpinning apple fruit acidity.
Speakers
LC

Lailiang Cheng

Cornell University
Co-authors
CL

Chunlong Li

Cornell University
NA
KX

Kenong Xu

Cornell University
NA
MZ

Mengxia Zhang

Cornell University
MP

Miguel Pineros

Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University
NA
SK

Srinivasan Krishnan

Cornell University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Nautilus

10:45am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Mid-semester Teaching Evaluations to Enhance Course Communication
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Effective course communication is critical to foster a positive learning environment. One way communication can be improved is by scheduling a mid-semester teaching evaluation to capture student perspectives on what aspects of the course are going well and what could be improved. By providing students with a platform to express their opinions mid-semester, instructors have access to timely feedback to improve their teaching methods while the course is still ongoing. In this study, a mid-semester evaluation was conducted in an asynchronous, online Fruit Production course with 27 undergraduate students and one graduate student. The students were given a link to an online survey to respond to specific questions about the course structure and an open-ended question for actionable feedback. The evaluations were voluntary, anonymous, and confidential to solicit honest student responses. By having students respond individually, it was possible to capture unique student viewpoints and consensus statements among the class with a 96% response rate. Students responded positively to some aspects of the course such as the use of hands-on assignments; however, course modifications were made only in response to critiques. The most notable feedback was 14.8% of the students responding that the course material did not feel manageable with 44.4% of the class spending more than the expected time on lecture assignments. Additionally, students requested more clarity on the assigned projects. The survey responses were summarized for the students along with specific ways the course would be adjusted to better meet the student's needs and enhance their learning experience. To address the students’ concerns, the course workload was reduced, and students were provided with a clear explanation of their expected level of engagement. Recorded instructions along with detailed written descriptions and templates of the projects were also provided to aid in transparency about course assignments. Overall, students were well receptive of the mid-semester evaluation and reported it improved their satisfaction with the course. Because students found the mid-semester evaluation valuable to their learning, the course modifications will be maintained for future semesters.
Speakers
avatar for Rebekah Maynard

Rebekah Maynard

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
South Pacific 4

10:45am HST

WCPM 1 - Tolerance of Peppermint to Herbicides Applied Post-Harvest
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
After harvest, peppermint is vulnerable to weed interference due to the loss of crop canopy. However, few herbicides are registered for use during this critical time in the production cycle. In response to this, we conducted research trials in 2023 at two commercial peppermint production fields in Indiana (North Judson and Fair Oaks) to determine peppermint response to preemergence and postemergence herbicides. Preemergence herbicide treatments included Zidua (1.84 fl oz/a), Optogen (3 fl oz/a), Spartan (4 fl oz/a), Chateau EZ (4 fl oz/a), Dual Magnum (1 pt/a), Fierce EZ (10 fl oz/a), and Tenacity (3 fl oz/a). Postemergence herbicide treatments included Basagran (2 pt/a), Reviton (2 fl oz/a), Tough (24 fl oz/a), Sharpen (2 fl oz/a), Anthem Flex (4.5 fl oz/a), Aim (1 fl oz/a), and Tough (24 fl oz/a) plus either Optogen (1.5 fl oz/a), Tenacity (1.5 fl oz/a), or Basagran (2 pt/a). Visible crop injury on a scale of 0 (no injury) to 100% (crop death), as well as crop height, was recorded every other week after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, the greatest injury was observed was from the Group 14 herbicides: Reviton (81-84%), Sharpen (81-88%), and Aim (33-54%). Injury from Group 27 herbicides, Optogen and Tenacity, was more severe at Fair Oaks (63% and 64%, respectively) than at North Judson (28% and 12%, respectively). However, combining a half rate of these herbicides with Tough greatly increased crop injury at both locations (>73%). Injury from Chateau EZ and Fierce EZ differed by location; injury was lower at North Judson (13% and 7%, respectively) than at Fair Oaks (42% and 55%, respectively). Crop injury from Zidua, Dual Magnum, Spartan, Basagran, and Tough plus Basagran were similar to, or less than, Tough applied alone (the registered grower standard). Peppermint height and end-of-season aboveground biomass followed similar trends.
Speakers
SM

Stephen Meyers

Purdue University
Co-authors
CL

Carlos Lopez Manzano

Purdue University
NA
CC

Celia Corado Mendoza

Purdue University
NA
EC

Emmanuel Cooper

Purdue University
NA
JA

Jeanine Arana

Purdue University
JC

Josue Cerritos

Purdue University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 10:45am - 11:00am HST
Lehua Suite

11:00am HST

Exhibitor Talk: Bridging Metabolomics and Proteomics for Plant Research
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Metware Biotechnology Inc.
Speakers
SJ

Sneha Jeevan

Metware Biotechnology Inc.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

11:00am HST

CE 1 - Supplemental Blue and UV-B Light Enhances Amino Acid-Derived Flavor Compounds in Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Tomato production under controlled environmental conditions presents challenges due to the selective permeation of solar radiation within enclosed structures or the limited wavelengths produced by artificial light sources. Despite these challenges, growers increasingly opt for such production systems due to the enhanced uniformity and yield of fruit compared to open-field cultivation. However, controlled environment conditions, particularly greenhouses, often limit specific wavelengths of light, including blue and UV-B radiation. This limitation has the potential to alter flavor and overall fruit quality. Therefore, the present investigation examined how supplemental blue and UV-B light, independently and in combination, influence the levels of amino acid–derived flavor compounds, particularly those derived from branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, in two tomato varieties, Plum Regal (PR, commercial) and TAM HOT-Ty (THT, Texas A
Speakers
SB

Samikshya Bhattarai

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas A&M University
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Coral 1

11:00am HST

CHEX 1 - Substrate Hydro-Physical Properties in Soilless Agriculture: Investigating the Role of Container Geometry on Substrate Air and Water Profiles
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
The cultivation of specialty crops in soilless growing systems has emerged as a pivotal practice in modern agriculture. The adoption of container-based production, particularly through soilless culture systems, is witnessing a significant uptrend among specialty crop producers. The challenges associated with cultivating plants in containers are extensively documented, particularly in navigating the delicate balance between insufficient and excess water. Shallow containers often result in excessive water, limiting air availability, while the confined volume of containers imposes restrictions on the water supply for optimal plant growth. Air and water capacity (AWC) model was utilized to determine basic physical properties, such as total porosity (TP), air space (AS), and container capacity (CC), for a substrate in specific-sized and shaped containers. AWC models offer a comprehensive tool for estimating hydrophysical properties across multiple substrate/container combinations simultaneously. The existing literature lacks direct reporting on these specific container types, primarily focusing on modeling the air and water profiles of traditional containers that the floriculture industry utilized, leading to a notable gap in data concerning the dynamic interplay between air and water profiles within these containers and their impact on the rooting environment. 19 substrates and 30 commercially used container selections were modeled to understand their air-water profiles. The results underscore the effect of container geometry on substrate air-water profiles, necessitating different management approaches for the same substrate in different containers. Container height stands out as a critical factor, exerting a substantial influence on substrate characteristics and subsequently affecting air and water values.
Speakers
BS

Brandan Shur

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
BJ

Brian Jackson

North Carolina State University
NA
WF

William Fonteno

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
South Pacific 2

11:00am HST

MKEC - Consumer Preferences for Commercially Available Poinsettia Cultivars in South Mississippi
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Mississippi State University’s South Mississippi Branch Experiment Station began hosting a Poinsettia Open House in 2021. The goal of this event was to provide retail consumers and commercial producers with up-to-date information about poinsettias currently available for production. The first two events were single day events in early December (December 2, 2021 and December 1, 2022). Due to the success of the first two events, a decision was made to expand the event to two days in 2023 (December 1-2, 2023) and include educational presentations. Photography backdrops with poinsettia enhancements have been provided each year for anyone wishing to use them for Christmas card photos or to simply commemorate their visit. Attendees were given the opportunity to participate in several surveys at each open house. Participants completing a survey were allowed to choose and take home a poinsettia. Attendees were allowed to walk through the production greenhouse, view the poinsettia cultivars, and record their personal favorites. Participants viewed 35, 52, and 40 poinsettia cultivars in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. In 2021, attendees identified Ice Punch, Orange Glow, Premium Ice Crystal, Superba New Glitter, and Autumn Leaves as their top five favorites. In 2022, attendees identified Superba New Glitter, Ice Punch, Norwin Orange, Prestige Maroon, and Grande Italia as their top five. In 2023, attendees identified J’Adore Soft Pink, Premium Picasso, Christmas Feelings Merlot, Christmas Spirit, and Tapestry as their top five.
Speakers
PK

Patricia Knight

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
AB

Anthony Bowden

University of Arkansas
BP

Ben Posadas

Mississippi State University
NA
CC

Christine Coker

Mississippi State University
NA
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
JD

James DelPrince

Mississippi State University
NA
JR

Jenny Ryals

Mississippi State University
SL

Scott Langlois

Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
South Pacific 1

11:00am HST

NUR 1 - Effects of Water Quality and Fertilization Practices on Container Tree Growth in Nurseries
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
The Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdowns led to an increase in revenue and production for green industry products in early 2020. In Study 1. an evaluation of fertigation (liquid feed, quick release) and controlled release fertilizers (CRFs, slow release) were applied to container-grown (7 gallon) live oak (Quercus virginiana) and Nutall oak (Quercus nuttallii) trees (100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF, 67% Liquid feed, 33% CRF, 33% Liquid feed, 67% CRF, 100% Liquid feed, 0% CRF). Live oak trees fertilized with CRFs had increased stem calipers (>30%). Nuttall stem caliper and height were significantly increased by 62% and 58%, respectively, with substrate incorporation of CRFs. Live oak tree height was increased by 35% and stem caliper when CRFs were incorporated. In study 2, the effect of alkaline water quality on live oak tree production was initiated at a nursery in Point Coupee Parish. Ca and Mg sources were used to study the impact of water quality on live oak tree container-growth and study the benefits of using different rates of lime and gypsum [0% dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg), 100% gypsum (Ca) Epsom salt (Mg), 25% dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg), 75% gypsum (Ca) Epsom salt (Mg), 50% dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg), 50% gypsum (Ca) Epsom salt (Mg), 75% dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg), 25% gypsum (Ca) Epsom salt (Mg), 100% dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg) 0% dolomitic lime]. Live oak tree growth measurements increased with the reduction of dolomitic lime and increase of Epsom salt and gypsum applications. Leaf Na content was significantly reduced using higher proportions of gypsum and Epsom salt. Soil pH was also reduced by more than 1 pH unit after a growing season. Soil pH did increase when irrigated with highly alkaline water. Growers using alkaline water need to manage irrigation water and soil pH and consider using gypsum and Epsom salt reducing dolomitic lime rates as a source of Ca and Mg. All Ca and Mg sources provided greater than the threshold levels of leaf Ca and Mg content.
Speakers
ZD

Zachary Davis

LSU AgCenter
Co-authors
EB

Edward Bush

LSU AgCenter
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
South Pacific 3

11:00am HST

PNM 1 - Evaluating the N Status of Tomato Supplied with Soluble and Controlled-release Urea Formulations
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Matching crop nitrogen (N) demand and supply is necessary to increase crop N use efficiency (NUE) and reduce environmental impact. Proximal optical sensors such as the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter have been found to be useful in monitoring the crop N status, providing insight into the effects of N fertilization practices in cropping systems. High N rate applications are common in conventional tomato production, where loss of N, more specifically NO 3 - , from the rootzone can decrease water quality. Thus, optimal N management of fertigated vegetable crops requires frequent and rapid assessment of the crop N status to quickly adjust application of N when required. A two-year field study was conducted in north Florida to evaluate the crop N status based on N fertilization practices associated with soluble urea and polymer coated controlled-release urea (CRU) for fall and spring tomato (‘HM 1823’) grown in sandy soils under a plastic-mulched bed system. In addition to a no N fertilizer treatment, three urea N sources [one soluble source and two polymer-coated CRU sources with different N release durations of 60 (CRU-60) and 75 (CRU-75) days] were applied at three N rates (140, 168, and 224 kg ha -1 ), where 224 kg ha -1 is the recommended N rate for tomato production in Florida. Soluble urea was split applied weekly over the 13-week growing season, whereas CRUs were applied at the full rate once at preplant. For all seasons, biweekly SPAD meter readings were taken and sampling periods coincided with the vegetative, flowering, fruit set, fruit growth, and harvest growth stages. Overall, minimal differences in tomato N status were observed among the tested N rates and N sources, indicating that all N fertilizer practices tested maintained similar N use. Thus, irrespective of the N source, this study found that tomato N demands could be met at a 38% reduction of the recommended N rate, potentially enhancing NUE in tomato production systems cultivated on sandy soils in north Florida.
Speakers
LJ

Laura Jalpa

University of Florida
Co-authors
RM

Rao Mylavarapu

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Kahili

11:00am HST

POM 1 - Carbohydrate And Nitrogen Storage Are Inversely Affected By Crop Load For 'Honeycrisp' And 'Gala' Apples
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Biennial or alternate bearing is characterized by an abundance of blooming and fruiting in “on” years and a lack of blooming and fruiting in “off” years. Biennial bearing in fruit tree production has been extensively studied. However, it continues to be problematic in certain crops and cultivars. Fundamental physiological mechanisms controlling this behavior are still poorly understood. Along with carbohydrates in plant tissues, reserve nitrogen influences early-season growth in apples, with the percent contribution of reserve nitrogen being dependent on the current nitrogen supply. Because flowering and fruit set occur in spring alongside bud break, reserve nitrogen can significantly affect these processes too. We sought to understand the role carbohydrate and nitrogen storage in various plant tissues has on biennial bearing for ‘Honeycrisp’ apple. Apical buds, terminal shoots, and one-year-old spurs were collected in 2022
Speakers
TC

Thiago Campbell

Washington State University
Co-authors
LK

Lee Kalcsits

Washington State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Nautilus

11:00am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Evaluation of Packback - an AI-Assisted Writing Program for Student Assignments in Horticulture Courses
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported writing tools in higher education has been a hot topic since OpenAI introduced ChatGPT in 2022. These AI-supported writing tools are intended to analyze written materials and provide feedback on the writing , including grammar, vocabulary, content, and structure. Packback (https://www.packback.co/) is one of the AI-supported online platforms that intends to improve student curiosity, communication skills, and critical thinking, and provides ease of assessment for instructors. Two instructors in the Department of Horticultural Sciences at Texas A
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
South Pacific 4

11:00am HST

WCPM 1 - Developing a Biobased, Compostable Mulch that Crops Grow Through
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Plastic mulch films and geotextile landscape fabrics are not compatible with specialty crops grown at high densities with narrow in-row spacing. As a result, many growers resort to hand weeding these specialty crops, including leafy greens, carrots, and matted-row strawberries. Our objective was to develop and test value-added weed barrier mulches designed specifically for these crops to grow on and root through. We have conducted 13 trials across 3 crops (lettuce, carrot, and strawberry) and 3 years to evaluate 9 different biobased, compostable weed barrier mulches (BCMs) that include polylactic acid (PLA) resin. The BCMs tested varied in weight basis and material composition including: 1) PLA-only (80, 120, and 180 g/m2), 2) PLA embedded organic fertilizers (soybean meal and composted turkey litter; 150 and 210 g/m2), and 3) PLA paper (105 and 210 g/m2). The BCMs are installed in the field like a typical mulch film roll but are then covered with a 1 to 2.5 cm layer of compost (or other weed-free media) and crop seeds. Data was collected to evaluate effects of BCMs on weed density, soil nitrogen availability, moisture, and temperature, microbial abundance, and crop establishment, yield, and quality. Across all crops and site-years, BCMs reduced weed emergence by 80% to 97% compared to bare soil, and weed suppression was best in PLA paper. The BCMs immobilized some available soil nitrogen and embedded fertilizers in the BCM did not affect this outcome. In carrot, BCMs increased mycorrhizal fungi abundance by up to 59% compared to bare soil. In strawberry, BCMs increased crop canopy area by up to 51%. Yields were usually not different between BCMs and bare soil because weeds were removed weekly after counting. However, poor seedling establishment on BCMs due to heavy rainfall after planting in 2022 reduced carrot yield by 13% and lettuce yield by 20%. To address this issue, lettuce in 2023 was planted in two shallow seed furrows filled with compost on the BCM (instead of broadcast planting across the entire BCM bed top as in previous years). Lettuce establishment in the furrows was two times greater than in bare soil due to improved tilth and reduced erosion, and yield was not different from bare soil. Volumetric soil moisture in BCM compost seed furrows was 27.1% compared to 35.7% in bare soil, highlighting differences in texture and the importance of irrigation in the BCM system during establishment.
Speakers
SW

Samuel Wortman

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Co-authors
CW

Caleb Wehrbein

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
CP

Chris Proctor

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
NA
CR

Claudio Rojas

University of Costa Rica
NA
EJ

Elizabeth Jeske

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
NA
IK

Ignatius Kadoma

3M Company
NA
LD

Lisa Durso

USDA ARS
NA
MU

Manuel Umana

University of Costa Rica
NA
ML

Mia Luong

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
RD

Rhae Drijber

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 11:15am HST
Lehua Suite

11:00am HST

Division VP and Interest Group Officer Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 12:00pm HST
Division VP and Interest Group Officers Meeting to discuss updates on division ASHS business.
Speakers
LL

Leonardo Lombardini

ASHS International Division VP
JC

Javier Castillon

ASHS Industry Division VP
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State
avatar for Becky Sideman

Becky Sideman

Member-At-Large
avatar for Sarah White

Sarah White

Research Division VP
Sarah's research involves using plants to clean water. She is passionate about mentoring young faculty and graduate students to help them succeed in the future.
CR

Carolyn Robinson

Education Division VP
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 12:00pm HST
Coral 4 - ASHS Collaboration Center

11:00am HST

Wellness Station
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 4:00pm HST
Complimentary Seated Massage - First-Come, First-Served
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:00am - 4:00pm HST
Coral 4/5 - Conference Central

11:15am HST

CE 1 - Characterizing the effect of blue light on water relations of unrooted cuttings during indoor acclimation
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Managing water loss of unrooted cuttings (URC) during acclimation is critical to decrease crop losses and shorten rooting time. Vertical indoor propagation (VIP) systems that use indoor-farming technologies enable the opportunity to optimize the environment for URC acclimation. However, recommend environmental setpoints for VIP systems are unknown. Light quality affects various morphological and physiological processes in plants, and blue light in particular, has an effect on stomatal opening and plant size, both of which regulate water relations of plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize short-term effects of increasing percentages of blue light on water relations of Chrysanthemum ‘Crystal Bright’ and Begonia ‘Dark Britt’ URC. Four light-quality treatments were evaluated: 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60% blue light. All treatments provided a photosynthetic photon flux density of 70 µmol·m–2·s–1 delivered by broadband and monochromatic-blue light-emitting diode fixtures. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration were set at 22 °C, 70%, and 420 μmol·mol–1. Water uptake and water loss were evaluated by placing individual URC in vials with and without water, and exposing them to each treatment for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Changes in water loss were also recorded at various intervals for 24 h. Water uptake of Chrysanthemum linearly increased as blue-light percentages increased. In contrast, water uptake followed a quadratic response for Begonia, which peaked at 45% blue light. Water loss also followed a quadratic response for begonia, with increasing values up to 30% blue light. Water loss of Chrysanthemum followed linear response to increasing blue light. After 24 h, water loss of Chrysanthemum linearly increased with increasing blue light, from 0.65 to 0.76 g under 15% and 60% blue light, respectivey. There were no treatment differences for stomatal conductance, but leaf vapor pressure deficit linearly increased with increasing blue light, regardless of species. These findings show that blue light affects water relations of URC, which should be considered when making lighting recommendations for VIP systems.
Speakers
AS

Ana Sofia Gomez

Purdue University
Co-authors
CG

Celina Gomez

Purdue University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Coral 1

11:15am HST

CHEX 1 - Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Compost As An Alternative To Peat
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Global growing media demand is projected to increase 400% by 2050. Growers are interested in alternative substrates due to the restrictions placed on peat harvesting, as well as transportation and supply chain issues associated with peat. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a tropical fibrous plant that was grown and composted in Florida, was evaluated to determine its potential as a horticultural substrate. Research trials were conducted in South Florida to determine effectiveness of kenaf as an alternative substrate for seed germination and plant establishment when compared to a commercially available compost and commonly used growing media. Seed germination trials consisted of planting arugula (Erica sativa) in seed trays filled with either (1) kenaf compost [KC], (2) commercially available compost [CC], or (3) ProMix HP [PM]. Germination was monitored daily, and mean emergence was determined. To evaluate plant establishment, a container trial was conducted using Lantana (Lantana camara) plants that were originally planted in Metro-Mix and transplanted from 1-gallon to 3-gallon plastic containers filled with either KC, CC or PM. Plant visual quality, percent wilt and volumetric water content(VWC) were evaluated weekly and root biomass was determined when plants were deconstructed at the end of the three-month trial. Results show that there were no treatment differences for percent seed emergence of arugula, with all emergence reaching over 80%. Plant establishment in the first field trial found KC and CC treatments increased VWC when compared to PM. Higher visual quality ratings of plants in KC and CC substrates may be explained by the increase in VWC. Lantana plants transplanted and grown in KC were uniform and grew equally as well as CC and better than PM on 13 of 14 rating dates. These data show there is no difference in arugula seed emergence when planted in CC, PM or KC. Lantana establishment in KC was comparable in CC and better than in PM growing media.
Speakers
avatar for Shawn Steed

Shawn Steed

University of Florida
Co-authors
AW

AC Wilkie

University of Florida
NA
CA

Conner Austin

University of Florida
DC

DG Clarik

University of Florida
NA
EB

E Babaeian

University of Florida
NA
GL

G Landry- Maltais

University of Florida
NA
LF

Liz Felter

University of Florida
NA
MM

mica mcmillan

University of Florida
NF

N Franklin

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
South Pacific 2

11:15am HST

MKEC - Understanding the Characteristics of Ethnic Markets and Help Small Growers to Find Niche
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Many small and socially disadvantaged producers grow fruit and vegetables. These farmers start small to satisfy family needs and support a preferred lifestyle. However, many small and socially disadvantaged farmers aim to be economically sustainable and want to create a feasible operation rooted in their communities. Since 2016, we have gathered information from over 3,000 small and socially disadvantaged farmers in the Southeastern region of the US who seek opportunities to improve wealth and health for individuals and communities. Information includes types of operations, family compositions, and needs of training and assistance. In particular, many of these farmers went through a series of experiential training programs to grow medicinal crops originated in Asia. These specialty fruit and vegetables are not familiar to most of the local farmers, and these specialty fruit and vegetables have high potential to serve as medicinal crops based on scientific studies. This presentation will introduce the components in this series of training linking production to market, financial assessment, risk evaluation, and niche opportunities to improve long-term health outcomes. The presentation will focus on connections and characteristics of ethnic markets, where most of these specialty fruit and vegetables are sold to diverse populations, from cultural and health perspectives. Market prices, consumer behaviors, and communication strategies will also be shared as examples to support small and socially disadvantaged farmers in breaking the barriers to access the ethnic market. Since 2016, this training program has assisted more than 1,000 producers to grow Asian medicinal crops, and successfully engaged in market activities serving diverse customers across the US.
Speakers
avatar for ChyiLyi Liang

ChyiLyi Liang

WK Kellogg Distinguished Professor and Director of Center for Environmental Farming Systems, NCA&T
My work involves multifunctional agriculture (integrations across production, value added, agritourism, and community engagement), interdisciplinary food systems, and entrepreneurship in general. My programs serve farmers, community organizations, and government agencies particularly... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
South Pacific 1

11:15am HST

PNM 1 - Understanding Nitrogen Uptake Potential of Two Wetland Plants Under Varied Water Temperatures and Nitrogen Concentrations
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Excessive use of commercial fertilizers in nursery production results in substantial fertilizer runoff, leading to surface and groundwater contamination. Therefore, to prevent contamination and comply with regulations, irrigation return flow (runoff water) is generally collected in a retention pond before it can be safely discarded or released. Nitrogen, applied as nitrate compounds is among the highest used fertilizer and is prone to leaching and runoff. Employing a phytoremediation strategy to remediate irrigation return flow (runoff water) has the potential to lower nitrate concentrations in water before release. In this study, we assessed the suitability of growing Helianthus maximiliani (maximilian sunflower) and Asclepias speciosa (showy milkweed) in a floating treatment wetland system (FTW) and evaluated the nitrate uptake capacity of these plants grown in three different nitrogen concentrations i.e., 10, 20, and 30 mg/L and two water temperatures of 75°F and 85°F. Increasing water temperature increased growth index for both species and increased dry weight for Asclepias speciosa. However, for Helianthus maximiliani, increasing temperature had a lesser effect on total dry weight. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in plant tissue was higher in Helianthus maximiliani at the nitrate nitrogen concentration of 20 mg/L under both temperature treatments. However, in Asclepias speciosa, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in plant tissue was higher at the high temperature treatment of 85⁰F and 20 mg/L nitrate nitrogen concentration. The nitrate nitrogen uptake from both plants in this study indicated suggests that Helianthus maximiliani ‘maximilian sunflower’ and Asclepias speciosa ‘showy milkweed’ can be grown as FTW and be used to remove nitrogen from a nursery retention pond.
Speakers
avatar for Saroj Burlakoti

Saroj Burlakoti

Utah State University
Co-authors
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Kahili

11:15am HST

POM 1 - Striking the Right Balance: Innovative PGR Strategies for Fruit Drop Mitigation and Color Enhancement in Apples
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
In apple orchards, addressing pre-harvest fruit drop in early-maturing, commercially valuable cultivars like ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ is crucial. This issue is largely linked to ethylene, a ripening hormone that, despite its role in enhancing fruit qualities, triggers premature fruit drop. From 2018 to 2021, extensive field trials were conducted across commercial and experimental orchards to refine the application of two ethylene-inhibiting products, ReTain (AVG-15%) and Harvista (1-MCP-1.3%), in mitigating this challenge in ‘Gala’ apples. Our findings confirmed AVG’s effectiveness in reducing fruit drop and stem-end splitting; however, AVG application consistently resulted in diminished fruit coloration. In the subsequent seasons of 2023 and 2024, our research pivoted towards identifying plant growth regulator (PGR) formulations that could balance the dual objectives of minimizing fruit drop and preserving color development in ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ apples. Key findings include: a) the multiple applications of Accede (ACC-10%) and Motivate (Ethephon-21.7%) starting from three weeks before harvest significantly enhanced red color formation in ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ apples, surpassing control and ReTain treatments, though Motivate increased the rate of fruit drop; b) ReTain, both alone and in combination with Accede, notably reduced fruit drop, with the ReTain-Accede mix also enhancing fruit coloration; c) combining ReTain and Motivate neither decreased fruit drop nor enhanced color; d) the positive impact of the ReTain-Accede mix on color was biochemically and molecularly validated; e) Accede's color-enhancing effect appears to be ethylene-independent. This research underscores the potential of specific PGR mixes in achieving a harmonious balance between reducing fruit drop and enhancing fruit coloration.
Speakers
avatar for Sherif M. Sherif

Sherif M. Sherif

Associate Professor, Virginia Tech
Dr. Sherif M. Sherif is an Associate Professor at Virginia Tech, where he channels his fervent zeal for life sciences and educational outreach into his specialization in tree fruit physiology and molecular biology. His career is defined by a dedication to overcoming the biological... Read More →
Co-authors
KJ

Khalil Jahed

Virginia Tech
NA
MT

Mohammad Tipu

Virginia Tech
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Nautilus

11:15am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Evolution Of An Undergraduate Tropical Crop Production Systems Course
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
TPSS 300 Tropical Production Systems is a four-credit undergraduate crop production course. It has two lectures and one lab period a week. In Spring 2023, there were 16 undergraduate students registered for this every Spring offered course—12 TAE students, one NREM student, one Interdisciplinary Studies student, one Botany student, and one Hawaiian student. In Spring 2024, there were nine undergraduate students—six TAE students, one Botany student, one Journalism student, and one Elementary Education & Special Education student. The objective is to describe the improvements made to TPSS 300 based on student interests and emerging new technologies and disciplines in horticulture. Various teaching techniques were used including flipped classroom, small group discussions, class discussions, in-class activities, lectures, guest speakers, field trips, YouTube videos, and laboratories. With a BYOD format, students could review assigned materials and look up information on the Internet to aid group discussions. New topics were added such as agricultural drone technology and crop sensors and equipment for monitoring plant status. Besides inviting our department graduate students as guest speakers, department extension agents and faculty and faculty and graduate students from other departments were invited. A TPSS faculty with another department’s faculty discussed the regulations for drone use and gave a demonstration of flying drones. The TPSS graduate students spoke on breadfruit tissue culture and industrial production in Hawaii; innovative agroforestry in ancient ways; and taro in aquaponics. Extension agents spoke about food safety. A PEPS graduate student spoke on invasive pests impacts on palm species with a focus on the Pacific and Israel. Two GEO students demonstrated their experimental growth chambers and artificial lighting set up. The manager of our college’s greenhouse facilities provided a tour of the facilities, explaining maintenance and irrigation. The rigor of this course was increased through incorporating more mathematics and quantitative reasoning, growth analysis, yield analysis, crop modeling and simulation, computer applications in horticulture, and high technology in horticulture. Students commented that TPSS 300 was a valuable learning experience. The course provided diverse learning experiences and hands-on activities. The integration of graduate students, extension agents, and the greenhouse manager as guest lecturers into the course worked well, providing benefits to both the speakers and the students.
Speakers
KD

Kent D. Kobayashi

Interim Dept. Chair, TPSS Dept., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
South Pacific 4

11:15am HST

WCPM 1 - Evaluating Application Approaches for Enhancing the Weed Suppression Effectiveness and Crop-Safety of Preemergence Herbi
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Preemergence herbicide application under plastic mulch is an effective strategy for managing weeds in vegetable plasticulture production. However, applying herbicides under plastic mulch in raised beds carries the inherent risk of crop phytotoxicity. This underscores the importance of exploring crop-safe methods for herbicide application in beds covered with plastic mulch. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preemergence herbicide S-metolachlor alone or in combination with super absorbent polymer, soil binding agent, or compost in effectively controlling weeds in plastic mulched tomato beds without impacting the crops. During trials, I and II, preemergence S-metolachlor was applied either as blanket sprays or in combination with super absorbent polymer, soil binding agent, and compost on raised beds before installing plastic mulch. Results from trial II showed that S-metolachlor soil binding agent and S-metolachlor compost mix suppressed weed density by over 85% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, treatments including S-metolachlor alone, S-metolachlor super absorbent polymer, S-metolachlor soil binding agent, and S-metolachlor compost led to a reduction in weed biomass by over 50% compared to the non-treated control. Importantly, these treatments did not significantly impact tomato crop vigor and chlorophyll content during trials I and II, nor did they affect tomato crop biomass and yield. In conclusion, utilizing preemergence S-metolachlor along with different application approaches tested shows promise for controlling tough weeds such as nutsedge in tomato plasticulture beds.
Speakers
RK

Ramdas Kanissery

University of Florida
Co-authors
RT

Ruby Tiwari

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:15am - 11:30am HST
Lehua Suite

11:20am HST

PP Systems - How Bridging the Industry-Academia Gap Advances Precision Plant Science
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:20am - 11:35am HST
Learn about advancements in efficient gas exchange research and quality data collection with the CIRAS-4 Portable Photosynthesis System and our partnerships with users to advance precision plant science. In addition, we will share new research collaborations with the NCSU-CEA coalition and our on-site container farm for CEA research. Talk to our research team about working together to further your research. It will be an action-packed 15 minutes. Don’t miss it!
Speakers
JE

John Ertle

PP Systems
NA
avatar for Tim Doyle

Tim Doyle

Products Specialist, PP Systems
Experience true portability with the NEW CIRAS-3 Portable Photosynthesis System for high level research along with our complete range of products for soil respiration, CO2/H2O gas analysis and vegetation reflectance. We are also the proud distributor for Hansatech Instruments (fluorometers... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:20am - 11:35am HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

11:30am HST

CE 1 - Shedding Light on Nutrition: The Influence of Supplemental Lighting on Glucosinolate Concentrations in Brassica Plants and Their Potential Anticarcinogenic Effects in Human Diets
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Brassica plants contain important secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, and provide a nutritious addition to the human diet. Glucosinolates, when hydrolyzed, yield isothiocyanates which can affect the carcinogenesis process, and further research into increasing glucosinolate concentrations in plants is important for determining anticarcinogenic properties of brassicas in human diets. Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. ‘Toscano’ ) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana, Col-0) were grown in the greenhouse under natural light (control) and subjected to three additional supplemental light treatments to determine the impact of supplemental LED lighting on glucosinolate concentrations. Treatments included no supplemental light (control), 75:25 Red:Blue LED, 50:50 Red:Blue LED, and Warm White LED light at 100 μmol.m-2.s-1 each. Plants were harvested when the first kale treatment group reached a leaf number of 7, and when half of all Arabidopsis flowers began opening. Harvested plants were analyzed for glucosinolate and mineral nutrient concentration. Statistical analysis on Arabidopsis data revealed significant differences among light treatments in glucosinolate concentrations, particularly glucoraphanin and gluconasturtiin. Additionally, significant differences were found in leaf and petiole mass and leaf number of both kale and Arabidopsis at harvest. The no supplemental light control produced the lowest harvest mass compared to plants receiving supplemental light. Preliminary qPCR analysis of Arabidopsis displays variations in the relative expression of genes CYP79B2 and CYP83A1, varying across treatment when compared to the control. Glucosinolate analysis of kale resulted in no statistically significant differences among all four light treatments. However, glucosinolates, including gluconapin, glucoraphanin, gluconasturtiin, and several unknowns, were found to be present across all four treatments. As glucosinolates are stress-response compounds, their lack of variation in kale and significant variation in Arabidopsis under different light environments indicate that other environmental factors also play a crucial role in their production. Further research is necessary to identify abiotic and biotic factors influencing their concentration in the greenhouse environment for both species.
Speakers
SB

Skyler Brazel

University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Co-authors
CZ

Caleb Zepeda

University of Tennessee - Knoxville
NA
CS

Carl Sams

University of Tennessee
SN

Samantha Nuzzi

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
NA
TB

Tessa Burch-Smith

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Coral 1

11:30am HST

MKEC - Consumers' WTP on Sustainability Turfgrass Attributes with Consideration of Aesthetic Attributes and Water Conservation Policies
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
This study estimates consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainability turfgrass attributes such as low-input and stress-tolerance attributes, while considering potential trade-off relationships between aesthetic attributes and sustainability attributes. To address our objectives, our study conducts a choice experiment and estimates two mixed logit models. The first model includes low-input, winter kill, and shade-tolerance attributes as predictor variables, and the second model extends the first model by adding interaction terms between aesthetic and sustainability attributes. Another choice experiment is conducted under water policies with various water rate increase and watering restriction scenarios. Results from the mixed logit models show that overall, higher low-input cost reduction, less winter-damaged, and more shade-tolerance grasses are preferred, the direct effect of aesthetic attributes on consumers’ preference is strong, but the indirect effect represented by the interaction terms are generally statistically insignificant. Our results indicate that consumers like to have a pretty lawn, but no strong consideration is given to the aesthetics of their lawn when selecting low-input and stress-tolerance turfgrasses. Our choice experiment under water policy scenarios suggests that water pricing is more effective than watering restriction in increasing consumer demand for water-conserving turfgrasses. Our findings provide useful implications for future research in turfgrass breeding and evaluation of consumer preference for turfgrass. Many researchers have discussed potential degradation of aesthetic characteristics when developing input-saving turfgrass varieties. However, to the best of our knowledge, no earlier studies have investigated the effect of aesthetic deterioration caused by enhanced low-input and stress-tolerance attributed on consumers’ valuation of turfgrasses. Our findings suggest that aesthetic attributes need to be considered when conducting choice experiments for the valuation of the enhanced grasses, but limiting trade-offs may not be as important as enhancing low-input/stress-tolerance attributes when developing future turfgrasses. Another contribution might be the water policy outcomes from our choice experiment. Our experiment finds that the water pricing is more effective than the watering restriction in increasing consumer demand for water-conserving grasses, which could help develop better water policies in the future.
Speakers
CC

Chanjin Chung

Oklahoma State University
Co-authors
HJ

Hyojae Jung

Oklahoma State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
South Pacific 1

11:30am HST

PNM 1 - Combined Agronomic Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in Radish and Sunflower Microgreens
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) are two micronutrients which are crucial for human health and proper functioning of the circulatory, endocrine, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems. Deficiencies in dietary Fe and Zn can result in numerous illnesses and disorders and are among the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. There is an urgent need for improving the dietary intake of these micronutrients and a promising, quick, and effective improvement strategy is agronomic biofortification. Microgreens are an ideal and versatile choice for meeting nutritional needs. They are nutrient-dense, have low phytic acid content, can be produced for a range of species, and have a relatively short growth cycle – making them a convenient biofortification target crop. Previous studies’ attempts towards the simultaneous biofortification of Fe and Zn have indicated their antagonistic interactions during uptake, where the increase of one mineral led to a decreased uptake of the other. However, limited information is available about the opportunity of enriching microgreens with both nutrients using fertigation. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess the optimal combination of Fe and Zn fertilizer concentrations, provided via fertigation, to maximize their simultaneous accumulation in radish and sunflower microgreens without impairing yield and quality. Using a completely randomized block design setup, a factorial combination of FeSO4 (0, 20, and 40 mg/L of Fe) and ZnSO4 (0, 10, and 20 mg/L of Zn) was tested. Across both species, it was observed that fertigation using the treatment combination of 40 mg/L FeSO4 and 20 mg/L ZnSO4, (Fe40-Zn20), resulted in a substantial increase of both micronutrient levels. Compared to the untreated control, the Fe40-Zn20 treatment increased Fe and Zn accumulation by about 200% and 900%, respectively, in radish microgreens, and about 180% and 600% in sunflower microgreens. Additionally, this treatment resulted in minimal yield reduction. Fresh and dry biomass decreased by approximately 23% and 9%, respectively, in radish microgreens, and 38% and less than 1% in sunflower microgreens. Although increasing both Fe and Zn content proves to be a challenging endeavor, this study revealed evidence of an optimal combination of selected Fe and Zn sources and application rates that, via fertigation, was effective in their simultaneous enrichment in two microgreen species.
Speakers
RR

Rishi Ravichandran

Student, Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
EC

Erin Connolly

Pennsylvania State University
NA
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
PP

Pradip Poudel

The Penn State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Kahili

11:30am HST

POM 1 - Impacts of Rootstock and Crop Load Adjustment on Fruit Quality and Mineral Nutrients in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
The influence of rootstock and time of crop load adjustment on ‘Honeycrisp’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage was studied over four seasons. Yield per trees varied from year to year because of biennial bearing. Trees on V.1 and G.30 were higher while those on G.969 often had lower yield per tree. Fruit from trees on M.26EMLA and G.30 were larger, while those on G.202 and G.969 were smaller than those on other rootstocks in two of three years. Fruit firmness at harvest and after storge was often inversely proportional to their size, so that fruits from trees on G. 202 often had higher but those on G.30 often had lower firmness at harvest and after storage. Percentages of fruit bitter pit among rootstocks at harvest was different than those after storage. However, fruit from trees on M.26EMLA, V.1, and G.30 generally had higher bitter pit than those on G.969 and G.202 rootstocks. Fruit fresh weight continually grew during growing season. However, the increase in percentage fruit dry weight reached a plateau on August 9, after which it leveled off. Trees receiving an “Early Heavy Thinning” and “Thinned Early to 1 Fruit/bunch” had lower yield but larger fruit with more bitter pit than Un-thinned-Control trees. Trees receiving a thinning on June 11 and June 25 had similar fruit size in the same season. However, bitter pit was increased, while fruit size decreased, as the hand thinning was delayed until July 8. Late hand thinning resulted in smaller fruit size with less bitter pit. Fruit potassium/ calcium (K/Ca) ratio did not change significantly between June 20 and August 8 within the same year. This research unveils importance of rootstock, time, and level of and thinning in the fruit quality of ‘Honeycrisp’ apple.
Speakers
avatar for Esmaeil Fallahi

Esmaeil Fallahi

ASHS Board of Directors Chairman; ASHS President 2022-2023, University of Idaho
ASHS Board of Directors Chairman; ASHS President 2022-2023;Professor of Pomology and Viticulture
Co-authors
BF

Bahar Fallahi

University of Idaho
NA
MK

Michael Kiester

University of Idaho
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Nautilus

11:30am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Service-learning Horticulture Students Growing Food for Themselves and Others
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
Organic gardening (Horticulture 2525) is a mandatory class for students in the LSU medicinal plants and sustainable crop production concentrations, where the focus of the lab is for students to intensively grow their own garden plot of vegetables and herbs in the fall semester. Students are mandated to grow at least 10 different crops and to use both direct seeding and using their own transplants to establish, maintain throughout the semester, and then harvest their plot. The course is a service-learning course and over the years the class have worked in establishing and maintaining community and school gardens, harvesting/gleaning vegetables from garden plots, and assisting with a local farmers market. The most recent classes focused on growing food in community plots for the LSU Food Pantry, a local food bank that is used by many students. Each week students are required to work in the community rows from the beginning of working and shaping the beds, applying and incorporating fertilizer, planting seeds directly into the beds, transplanting crops, and setting up trickle and overhead irrigation systems. Students maintain their own plots as well as the community rows by fertilizing, and applying organic pest management measures as needed. The harvest from the individual plots and the produce is left up to the students and all the students harvest, wash, pack and prepare the product from the community rows for donation each week to the campus food pantry. Students are encouraged to participate my transporting the produce at least once, from the field or the cooler at the teaching facility to the food pantry. Many of the students have indicated that the class is the first time they had grown any plants in a garden and they used the garden harvest in their own kitchens. Students also indicated that they learned about the needs of the community and students and several also became aware of the food pantry and its services. In the fall of 2023 over 1,800 pounds of fresh vegetables were donated to the campus food pantry. Data from the students’ perceptions and comments from the semester will be presented.
Speakers
CM

Carl Motsenbocker

Professor, Executive Director Louisiana Farm to School Program, Louisiana State University
Dr. Carl Motsenbocker is a professor of horticulture and sustainable agriculture at Louisiana State University. Motsenbocker is Executive Director of the Louisiana Farm to School Program and teaches Organic Gardening, Sustainable Agriculture and Vegetable Crops at LSU. Motsenbocker... Read More →
Co-authors
IF

Isabella Frank

Louisiana State University
NA
JT

Jacob Tullos

Louisiana State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 11:45am HST
South Pacific 4

11:30am HST

Professional Behavior Traits (Pono) for Career Transition Success: Session 4
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 12:30pm HST
In the section focused on professional behaviors, we'll delve into the often-overlooked yet critical nuances that can make or break a student or early career professional's transition into the professional realm. From mastering email etiquette to navigating the intricacies of multigenerational workplaces, we'll provide invaluable insights to help you navigate diverse professional settings with confidence. Understanding the expectations surrounding communication, both written and verbal, is essential, and we'll offer practical tips on crafting professional emails that leave a positive impression. Moreover, we'll explore the dynamics of multigenerational workplaces, where varying communication styles, work habits, and values converge. By fostering an understanding of these differences and learning effective strategies for collaboration and communication across generations, you will be better prepared to thrive in today's diverse and dynamic job market.
Speakers

Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 12:30pm HST
Coral 3

11:30am HST

Emeriti Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 12:30pm HST
All Emeriti welcome!
Moderator
avatar for Curt Rom

Curt Rom

University Professor. And Associate Director, University of Arkansas and ASHS
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:30am - 12:30pm HST
Sea Pearl 4

11:40am HST

Exhibitor Talk: A New Paradigm in Evapotranspiration Measurements
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:40am - 11:55am HST
Presenter: Eric Price
Summary: LI-COR is excited to present a new system to measure evapotranspiration in real time. The LI-710 measures actual evapotranspiration—water vapor moving out of the field and into the atmosphere—without the need for crop coefficients. It works over any relatively flat and uniform ground cover at field or ecosystem scale. The LI-710 applies the eddy covariance method to measure vertical wind and water vapor concentration at 10 Hz, then provides fully processed results every 30 minutes. LI-COR Cloud is cloud-based software for an Internet of the Environment (IoE) enabled LI-710—called the Water Node—that provides you with remote access to its data. The IoE Module is on-site hardware that transfers LI-710 data to LI-COR Cloud then ultimately to you for a start-to-finish data management solution.
Speakers
BP

Bailey Price

LI-COR Biosciences
EP

Eric Price

LI-COR Biosciences
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:40am - 11:55am HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

11:45am HST

POM 1 - Rapid Fruit Growth Rates of Honeycrisp Apples Cause Premature Dysfunction of Xylem, Reduced Peel Calcium, and Increased Susceptibility to Bitter Pit
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:45am - 12:00pm HST
Insufficient transport of calcium to and throughout the cortex of apple is a primary factor contributing to bitter pit, a disorder characterized by dark lesions on the fruit surface. Calcium transport, in-planta, occurs solely in the xylem. Progressive transport dysfunction of xylem limits calcium concentration in the peel and subtending tissue. Rapid fruit growth may accelerate xylem dysfunction due to the stretching, shearing, or compressing of xylem elements. The relative time course of these events and subsequent effect on calcium concentration of peel tissues is not well understood. Growth rate of fruit was manipulated by manually adjusting the crop load of 6th leaf ‘Honeycrisp' trees to either 4 (low), 8 (moderate), or 16 (high) fruit per cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area via bud extinction. Fruit mass, xylem functionality, and peel calcium content were assessed weekly throughout the season. Fruit tissues were frozen weekly to evaluate the expression of genes related to xylogenesis and calcium transport and for quantification of hormones. At maturity, 25 trees were harvested from each crop load treatment. Fruit were assessed for bitter pit, stored for three months in regular air (3⁰C), then reassessed. Crop load influenced both xylem functionality and bitter pit incidence of fruit. Low crop load fruit lost 80% of xylem functionality by 8 weeks after bloom, which was two weeks earlier than moderate crop. By seven and five weeks before harvest, total xylem dysfunction was observed in fruit of low and moderate crop load, respectively; xylem in high crop load fruit never became fully dysfunctional. Final fruit mass from low crop load trees was only 20 grams larger than fruit from moderate crop load trees, yet, these fruit had a roughly 100% increase in bitter pit incidence at harvest (27.3% vs. 12.6%). Only 4.1% of high crop load fruit were affected by bitter pit. Many previous studies have ascribed the positive relationship between fruit mass and bitter pit incidence to calcium dilution. Our data suggest, however, that the issue is one of transport limits that appear to begin very early in fruit development, exacerbated by the growth rate of fruit, resulting in less peel calcium and higher bitter pit incidence at harvest than fruit of relatively lower growth rates. Future analysis of endogenous hormone concentrations and expression of genes relating to xylogenesis and calcium allocation will facilitate a better understanding of the processes governing xylem dysfunction and its association to bitter pit disorder.
Speakers
CG

Chayce Griffith

Michigan State University
Co-authors
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
TE

Todd Einhorn

Michigan State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:45am - 12:00pm HST
Nautilus

11:45am HST

TCHG 1/ADMIN - Assessing “Teaching Effort” to Ensure Fairness and Equity Across Diverse Course Types
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:45am - 12:00pm HST
An ongoing and challenging issue for all administrators who have to assign teaching responsibilities is assessing “effort” associated with different types of courses. While it is abundantly clear that different amounts of effort go into lecture classes versus lab classes, we still frequently talk about teaching responsibilities as the “number of classes taught per semester.” In the department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Purdue University, we faced this challenge across lecture courses, lab courses and Landscape Architecture studio classes. We undertook a year-long effort to assign “effort” values to each of our classes. In this presentation we will discuss our philosophy and approach to this undertaking, including how we engaged the entire department in the process. We ultimately developed a complex spreadsheet (currently being converted to an interactive database) that assigns points to classes based on number of contact hours, preparation work, service learning or experiential experience, grading/management workload, and class size. We then used this information to determine where additional support, in the form of graduate or undergraduate student TAs or staff, was most needed to create equity across teaching loads. This work is ongoing and needs to be updated annually based on changes in course structures and sizes and teaching assignments. In this presentation, we will share the database we created to make annual updates easy and transparent to everyone in the department.
Speakers
LP

Linda Prokopy

Purdue University
Co-authors
KO

Kathryn Orvis

Purdue Univ
SR

Sean Rotar

Purdue University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:45am - 12:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

11:59am HST

Genetics and Germplasm 1 (GG 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:10pm HST
Chromosome Level Assemblies of Phoenix dactylifera L. 'Medjool' and 'Deglet Noor' - Yoko Hiraoka
Development of Haplotype-Phased, Chromosome-scale Genomes for Pomegranate - Alexander Schaller
In Planta Transformation Efficiency Assessment of Different Agrobacterium Strains and Explant Types in Catharanthus rose - Ting Hsuan Huang
Native Southern Red Aroniaberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Response to Chill Hours in Georgia - Leynar Leyton
Enhancing Ornamental Traits through Induced Polyploidy in Hibiscus hamabo: A Cytomolecular Analysis - Hamidou Sakhanokho
Insights into the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild and Cultivated Spinach - Gehendra Bhattarai
Population Analysis of Wild-type Venezuelan Sabadilla - Luke Czerwinski

Moderator
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:10pm HST
South Pacific 2

11:59am HST

Ornamentals/Landscape and Turf 1 (O/LT 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:20pm HST
Evaluation of Native Azaleas for Container Production in the Mid-Atlantic - William Errickson
Facilitating Pollinator Conservation in Agriculture: Understanding Grower Needs in Obtaining IPM Certification - Madison Love
Relationship between Soil Water Content, Quantum Efficiency, Stomatal Conductance and Stem Water Potential in Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’ - Lindsey Trinkle
Effect of Coconut Coir and Biochar Media on Ornamental Plant Growth and Nutrient Leaching - Saroj Burlakoti
Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Marigold Exposed to Different Ratios of Blue Light and Red Light - Anju Chaudhary
Responses of Three Ornamental Species to Saline Water Irrigation - Zirui Wang
Field Performance of Penstemon Species under Deficit Irrigation - Zirui Wang
Responses of Calamagrostis ×acutiflora under Deficit Irrigation - Zirui Wang
Moderator
avatar for Madison Love

Madison Love

North Carolina State University
My research is uniquely focused on conserving natural resources and fostering environmental stewardship. This is achieved through actively engaging communities in pollinator conservation efforts, supporting growers in adopting integrated pest management (IPM) along with creating pollinator... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:20pm HST
Kahili

11:59am HST

Weed Control and Pest Management 1/Hemp Research and Extension (WCPM 1/HEMP)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:50pm HST
Evaluating Efficacy of Organic Herbicides on Common Weed Species - Carly Strauser
Evaluating Fall Cover Crops for Enhanced Soil Properties and No-Till Weed Suppression in Chickpea Production in Virginia - Zelalem Mersha
Impact of Cover Crops and Herbicides on Early Season Weed Control and Sweetpotato Storage Root Yield. - Richard Noel Torres
Effects of Row-middle Cover Crops on Strawberry Plasticulture Production - Jeanine Arana
Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp in the Pacific Northwest: Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Implications for Crop Production - Albert Adjesiwor
Mesotrione and Simazine-Based Tank-Mixes for Late-Season Control of Doveweed in Bermudagrass Turf - Pawel Petelewicz
Simulation-Based Nozzle Density Optimization for Maximized Efficacy of a Machine-Vision Weed Control System for Applications in Turfgrass Settings - Pawel Petelewicz
Implementing Digital Multispectral 3D Scanning Technology for Rapid Assessment of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Weed Competitive Traits - Tyler Campbell
Farmer Experiences with Soil Tarping Across South Dakota - Hannah Voye
Moderator
ZM

Zelalem Mersha

Virginia State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 11:59am - 1:50pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:00pm HST

GG 1 - Chromosome Level Assemblies of Phoenix dactylifera L. 'Medjool' and 'Deglet Noor'
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated perennial woody plant species with significant agricultural and economic importance. Date has its center of origin in the Middle East, spreading in ancient times to North Africa and South Asia and later to other hot, arid areas. Dates are a strict dioecious evergreen, obligate outcrossing, and highly heterozygous monocot species that are typically vegetatively propagated. ‘Medjool’ and ‘Deglet Noor’ are the most widely grown date cultivars in the United States and are also important at the global level. Despite their economic values, genomic studies have been hampered due to lack of available assembled genomes. To facilitate future genomic studies, genomes for ‘Medjool’ and ‘Deglet Noor’ were assembled using Dovetail® HiFi and Omni-C® technologies. ‘Medjool’ had a total length of 757 Mb comprising 899 scaffolds (L50 : 7, N50 : 37 Mb) with a BUSCO completeness score of 97.65 %, and ‘Deglet Noor’ had a total length of 772 Mb comprising 1287 scaffolds (L50 : 9, N50 : 33 Mb) with a BUSCO completeness score of 97.65 %.
Speakers
YH

Yoko Hiraoka

University of California Riverside/USDA-ARS
Co-authors
RK

Robert Krueger

United States Department of Agriculture
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:00pm HST

O/LT 1 - Evaluation of Native Azaleas for Container Production in the Mid-Atlantic
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
Deciduous azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) are native to the Eastern United States and have potential for increased adoption in the ornamental nursery and landscape market. However, plant availability is currently limited and trials on the growth and performance of each species are lacking. Furthermore, seed propagation is the common production method for native azaleas, which can result in phenotypic variation and a longer period of time to produce a saleable product, relative to vegetative propagation. Under optimum growing conditions, native azaleas can be low-input plants with minimal insect and disease issues. However, they can also be susceptible to summer heat stress and require well-drained soils and partial-shade similar to their indigenous growing environments in order to thrive. To determine which species may be most well-adapted to typical container nursery production practices, container trials were established to evaluate nine different species of native azaleas, including R. arborescens, R. atlanticum, R. austrinum, R. canescens, R. cumberlandense, R. flammeum, R. periclymenoides, R. prunifolium, and R. vaseyi, grown in both full sun and 50% shade conditions. Seed-grown one-year old liners of each of the nine different species were established in one-gallon containers and evaluated for growth rate and physiological characteristics, such as leaf chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), comparing plants grown in full sun vs. 50% shade. In year two, bloom dates and number of blooms per plant in full sun vs. 50% shade were compared. R. atlanticum demonstrated the greatest potential for commercial production, especially when grown under 50% shade conditions, based on growth rate and average number of blooms per plant. These results suggest that R. atlanticum may be a reliable species of native azalea for growers to commercially produce for this growing market segment, while other species may still have potential, albeit with additional attention to their specific production requirements.
Speakers
WE

William Errickson

Rutgers University
Co-authors
TW

Timothy Waller

Rutgers University
Timothy J Waller, Ph.D. is serving in his fourth year as the Commercial Nursery Agent of Rutgers Cooperative Extension in southern NJ, based out of Cumberland County. Tim has a Ph.D. in Plant Biology with a focus on fungal plant pathology and has been a licensed pesticide applicator... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
Kahili

12:00pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Farmer Experiences with Soil Tarping Across South Dakota
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
Soil tarping is a weed control method used by innovative farmers across the globe. Strategies used by farmers vary in terms of tarping material, time of application, length of time soil is covered, and the production goal. Solarization is a tarping technique that uses clear greenhouse plastic to harness light and energy from the sun to germinate weed seeds in the soil and exhaust the weed seed bank prior to a growing season. Occultation is another tarping technique that uses opaque tarps to warm the soil and stop light from germinating weed seeds or encouraging plant growth beneath the tarp. Researchers have taken an interest in exploring solarization and occultation impacts on weed suppression and soil health. During the 2023 and 2024 growing season, South Dakota State University soil tarping researchers collaborated with farmers across South Dakota to gain insight in farmer application of tarps. Farmer collaborators in South Dakota were each supplied with three tarp materials: black silage tarp, white silage tarp, and clear greenhouse plastic. Each farmer was told to use the tarp how they saw best fit for their operation. Farmers were given the opportunity to engage in field days and presentations to learn more about soil tarping. Each growing season, farmers worked with a team of researchers to collect data on soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen. This data was collected through soil samples and HOBO moisture and temperature sensors that logged values hourly. Farmers also provided observations, photos, and dates for tarp removal and application along with comments on how well tarping fit into their system. While research studies can provide important details of tarping impacts on weed suppression and soil health, it is important to showcase the reality of how applicable this technique is for farmers in the real world.
Speakers
HV

Hannah Voye

South Dakota State University
Co-authors
KL

Kristine Lang

South Dakota State University
RB

Rhoda Burrows

South Dakota State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:10pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:00pm HST

Exhibitor Talk: CID Bio-Science Inc
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:15pm HST
Speakers
HW

Hunter Weber

CID Bio-Science, Inc. | Felix Instruments
GG

Galen George

CID Bio-Science Inc / Felix Instruments
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 12:15pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

12:00pm HST

Plant Growth and Culture Collaboration Session
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 1:00pm HST
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to plant growth and culture – i.e. propagation, root growth, water management, weed control, PGRs, plant nutrition, etc.
Speakers
avatar for Samantha Nobes

Samantha Nobes

Technical Scientist, Syngenta Flowers
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 1:00pm HST
Coral 4 - ASHS Collaboration Center

12:00pm HST

Administrators Luncheon
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Advance ticket purchase is required.
ASHS Administrators Luncheon Agenda
  • Institution representative introductions
  • Faculty retirement and hires
  • Current or upcoming faculty/administration searches
  • Undergraduate and graduate enrollment trends
  • New/special efforts or programs at your institution
  • Election of New Officer - Secretary

Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Hibiscus

12:10pm HST

GG 1 - Development of Haplotype-Phased, Chromosome-scale Genomes for Pomegranate
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
Pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) are a significant fruit crop globally, gaining traction due to their high nutritional value and many uses outside of consumption. Despite increasing interest, genetic resources for pomegranates lag behind other crops. Developing these resources can enhance breeding efficiency and deepen genomic understanding. To address this, we sequenced the genomes of two cultivars: 'Azadi', known for its robust fruit rot resistance, and 'Peppy Le Pom', a dwarf variety with short juvenility. Using the PacBio Revio Platform, we generated HiFi reads with 30x coverage and employed Hi-C for sequencing. Leveraging hifiasm's Hi-C integrated assembly method, we assembled two haplotypes for the genome of each cultivar. For 'Peppy Le Pom', we utilized 10.03 Gb of PacBio HiFi reads and 30 Gb of Hi-C data and constructed two haplotypes with eight chromosome-length scaffolds each, totaling 304.9 Mb and 318.7 Mb, with a BUSCO score of 90.3% and 92.3%, respectively. For 'Azadi', we utilized 10.08 Gb of Pacbio HiFi reads and 30 Gb of Hi-C data and assembled two haplotypes with eight chromosome-length scaffolds, measuring 305.5 Mb and 318.1 Mb, with a BUSCO score of 91.0% and 92.6%, respectively. Chromosome sizes of these pomegranate cultivars range from 27.1 Mb to 62.4 Mb. Notably, these results closely align with the previously published draft genome of the 'Tunisia' cultivar. These phased, chromosome-scale genomes will facilitate further exploration of traits of interest for pomegranate breeding, such as disease resistance, dwarfing, and short juvenility. The genomic resources established here pave the way for accelerated advancements in pomegranate research and breeding.
Speakers
AS

Alexander Schaller

University of Florida
Co-authors
JC

John Chater

University of Florida
ZD

Zhanao Deng

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:10pm HST

O/LT 1 - Facilitating Pollinator Conservation in Agriculture: Understanding Grower Needs in Obtaining IPM Certification
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
Due to global concerns over the decline in pollinator populations, Walmart U.S. has initiated a policy requiring all produce and floral products sold in stores to be sourced from vendors who have obtained an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) certification from an approved third-party organization by 2025. The certification process for growers entails comprehensive documentation of operational practices, pesticide use and mitigation, and evaluation of on-farm pollinator habitat. However, this process is cumbersome for growers to conduct alone, necessitating assistance from a third-party such as Extension agents and staff. Furthermore, identifying and expanding existing pollinator habitat is often unfamiliar to growers, presenting a significant barrier in the application process and hindering the expansion of pollinator habitat. This project seeks to assess the needs of growers in navigating the IPM certification process and understanding the barriers they face. Future work will include the development of accessible consulting services that supports North Carolina growers throughout the certification process while also equipping them with necessary skills and knowledge to enhance and expand pollinator habitat.
Speakers
avatar for Madison Love

Madison Love

North Carolina State University
My research is uniquely focused on conserving natural resources and fostering environmental stewardship. This is achieved through actively engaging communities in pollinator conservation efforts, supporting growers in adopting integrated pest management (IPM) along with creating pollinator... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
Kahili

12:10pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Evaluating Fall Cover Crops for Enhanced Soil Properties and No-Till Weed Suppression in Chickpea Production in Virginia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
Cover crops offer multifaceted benefits including soil health improvement, nutrient management, erosion control, and suppression of pests, diseases and weeds. This study examined the impact of fall cover crop (FCC) for enhanced soil properties and suppression of weeds and diseases, top priorities for chickpea growers. FCC was comprised of winter rye alone (in 2021) or in combination with hairy-vetch (in 2022-2023). To assess soil property changes, 5 quadrants (50 cm x 50 cm) representing each dense (≥ 96%), poor (10-35%) and no-growth (0%) FCC areas were sampled annually in April. Soil nutrients and biomass accumulation was measured and compared. For weed suppression, five treatments were compared: till- green manure (GM), GM plus pre-emergence herbicide (GMH), and no-till after termination via crimp-mulch (CM), kill-mulch (KM) or mow-mulch (MM). In 2023, significantly higher fresh (514 t/ha) and dry (140 t/ha) biomass was added to the soil from densely and sparsely FCC areas, respectively. Weed suppression was better on GMH than GM for the first 6-8 weeks but reached an average of ≥ 67.5% when monitored 92 days after chickpea planting. Similarly, no-till planted chickpeas after CC terminations in 2021 suppressed weeds during early stages but not in 2022. In both years, it was not possible to harvest chickpeas after no-till due to overwhelming weed infestation. Although added organic matter was evident across all years, FCC alone did not significantly suppress weeds in 2022 and 2023. Slightly different results are anticipated with adjustments in termination timing and conditions favoring mulch establishment in 2024 growing season.
Speakers
ZM

Zelalem Mersha

Virginia State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:10pm - 12:20pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:14pm HST

Postharvest 1/Produce, Quality, Safety and Health Properties (PH 1/QUAL)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:14pm - 1:45pm HST
Identification of Genes Associated with the Chilling Prerequisites for Ripening in European Pear - Adwaita Parida
Effects of Cooling Delay and Harvest Maturity on ‘Gem’ Pear Internal Breakdown Development - Janet Turner
Efficacy of Ultraviolet Radiation for Control of the Mucor Rot Pathogen in Post-harvest Anjou and Bartlett Pears - Shawn McMurtrey
Preliminary Insights Into the Effects of Various Technologies of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) “AnsiP®” on Apple Fruit Quality During Shelf Life -William TC Chang
Pre-Storage Ambient Temperature Delay Reduces Lenticel Blotch by Mediating Metabolic Alteration in Cold-Stored ‘Summer Prince’ Apples - Hyowon Park
1-Methylcyclopropene from HarvestHold Fresh® impact on ‘Red Delicious’ apple during cold storage - Ozge Horzum
Moderator
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:14pm - 1:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:14pm HST

Vegetable Crops Management 1 (VCM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:14pm - 1:45pm HST
Effect of Biostimulants on Emergence and Growth of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Transplants. - Evan Christensen
Evaluation of Specialty Cucumber Cultivars in a High Tunnel Production System - Jacob Arthur
Are Locally Sourced Biochar and Poultry Litter the Solution to Improving Soil Health and Sustainably Producing Tomatoes? - Emilio Suarez Romero
Is Trellising Beneficial to High Tunnel Melon Yield? - Lewis Jett
Interseeded Clover Does Not Impact Pumpkin Yield - Charlie Rohwer
Protecting New Mexico’s Chile Crops from Curly Top Virus through Agrivoltaics - Mariela Estrada
Integrating High-resolution Satellite Imagery to Monitor Crop Growth and Yield: A Case Study of Japanese Squash and Onion in Hollister, California - Elia Scudiero
A New Tool to Manage Water and Nutrients in High Tunnel Tomato Production - Rebecca Brown
Physiology of Heat Tolerant Tomatoes: Transplanting Through Harvest - Courtney DeKalb-Myers

Moderator
avatar for Charlie Rohwer

Charlie Rohwer

Scientist, University of Minnesota
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:14pm - 1:45pm HST
Nautilus

12:15pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Identification of Genes Associated with the Chilling Prerequisites for Ripening in European Pear
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 12:25pm HST
The pear (Pyrus communis L.) has been classified as a climacteric fruit, undergoing a ripening process characterized by a transition from system-I to system-II ethylene production. This transition denotes a change in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis from being auto-inhibitory to auto-stimulatory process. Increased ethylene production during climacteric ripening is accompanied by a corresponding rise in respiration. Pears require chilling for ripening, and the duration of chilling necessary for ripening varies among cultivars. ‘Bartlett
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 12:25pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:15pm HST

VCM 1 - Effect of Biostimulants on Emergence and Growth of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Transplants.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 12:25pm HST
The impacts of climate change and drought threatens water supplies that are necessary for watermelon production. Most production in the U.S. is seedless watermelon, typically grown in greenhouses and transplanted due to poor seed establishment in the field. Given the significance of high-quality transplants for the industry, we conducted a study to evaluate whether biostimulant products would improve transplant quality. In this study seven biostimulant products were tested on greenhouse-grown watermelon seedlings to measure seedling emergence and growth. Three bacterial (Continuum, Spectrum Ds, and Tribus Original), two mycorrhizal (MycoApply Endo, and Mighty Mycorrhizae), one humic (Huma Pro 16), and one seaweed extract product (Kelpak) were used. All products, except Kelpak, were incorporated into the growing media before sowing. Kelpak was applied at the first true leaf stage as a soil drench. Leaf area and root/shoot fresh and dry weight were measured over a 30-day period after stand establishment and data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical software. Though some biostimulant products tended to have higher shoot and root weight they were not always significantly different, and the results were variable from trial to trial and analysis is ongoing.
Speakers
avatar for Evan Christensen

Evan Christensen

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 12:25pm HST
Nautilus

12:15pm HST

Interest Group Session: Growing Together: Enhancing Accessibility, Engagement and Inclusion in the Horticulture Society
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 1:45pm HST
Growing Together: Enhancing Accessibility, Engagement, and Inclusion in the Horticulture Society

Accessibility, inclusion, and engagement are foundational to any society, including our own American Society for Horticultural Sciences, ensuring that every community member can contribute to and benefit from the diverse array of knowledge, perspectives, and experiences within the fields of horticulture and plant sciences. This special interest group session is dedicated to fostering these principles within the broader horticultural society, the green industry, and the gardening community. The meeting aims to unite ASHS members who share a passion for the art, science, and business of plants, gardens, landscapes, and gardening, making these accessible to everyone, irrespective of their abilities or backgrounds.

Committee members Heather Kirk-Ballard, Assistant Professor of Consumer Horticulture at Louisiana State University and Sam Humphrey, Graduate Research Association at North Carolina State will lead a discussion to address key topics such as strategies for creating more inclusive systems. We will discuss practical ways to interact, cultivate, and enhance diversity within our workforce and society, aiming to break down barriers that can perpetuate disparities.

In this session, we will discuss the findings from the recent ASHS DEIJA committee climate survey that examined the feedback from members regarding the impact of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice within the American Society for Horticultural Sciences. We acknowledge the resistance some may have towards the formation of a diversity and inclusion committee. As many organizations face similar backlash against DEI initiatives, often due to misunderstandings or perceived threats to the status quo, it is essential to engage in transparent and constructive dialogue. Our aim is to clarify the objectives and benefits of DEI, underscoring its role in promoting fairness, opportunity, and representation for all members of the organization.

The session will include discussions about accessible practices, presentations and workshops that can be designed for individuals with physical disabilities or mobility issues. Strategies to increase participation from diverse community members. This could involve outreach programs for schools, collaboration with a greater community, and events that cater to a wide demographic. Developing programs that cater to people of all ages, abilities, and ethnic backgrounds. This may include bilingual garden tours, programs for the visually impaired, and workshops tailored for elderly gardeners. The meeting also provides a platform for members to share their experiences and best practices in creating inclusive environments. There will be networking opportunities to foster collaborations and partnerships among participants, aiming to build a supportive community that values diversity and inclusion in horticulture. The objective of this meeting is to establish clear, actionable steps that the society can implement to enhance accessibility and engagement. This will ensure that all members of the broader community can fully benefit from the opportunities offered by horticulture.

Coordinator(s)
  • Heather Kirk Ballard, SPESS, School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Baton Rouge, EBR, United States
  • Samson Humphrey, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Moderator
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:15pm - 1:45pm HST
Coral 1

12:19pm HST

Pomology 1 (POM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:19pm - 1:30pm HST
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Survival, Fruit Characteristic, and Thorn Length in Different Varieties of Citrus - Dong-Hoon Lee
Consumer Preference and Willingness-to-Pay for Pawpaw Value-Added Products - Sheri Crabtree
Promising Advanced Selections from Kentucky State University’s Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Breeding Program. - Jeremy Lowe
Assessment of Fruit Quality and Value-added Potential of 16 Pawpaw Cultivars and Advanced Selections - Kirk Pomper
Effects of Temperature and Light on Sunburn, and Preventing the Sunburn Damage by Chemical Suppressants in ‘Fuyu’ Sweet Persimmons - Yunji Shin
Crown Gall Associated with Higher Risk of New Butt Rot Pathogen in California Almond Orchards - Raymond Mireles
Assessment of Biomass and Carbon Storage of Satsuma Mandarin Trees in Jeju Island, Korea - Jee-Soo Park
Moderator
avatar for Kirk Pomper

Kirk Pomper

Professor-College of Agriculture, Kentucky State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:19pm - 1:30pm HST
Coral 2

12:20pm HST

GG 1 - In Planta Transformation Efficiency Assessment of Different Agrobacterium Strains and Explant Types in Catharanthus rose
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a common ornamental crop worldwide due to its high tolerance to drought and heat. The researches on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of C. roseus are few, and mostly focus on the production of secondary metabolites in roots. Furthermore, the organogenesis from callus to plantlet is frequently unstable which limits the study on entire plant, especially on flowering. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in planta transformation survival rate in different explants and Agrobacterium strains. C. roseus ‘Cora XDR White’ seeds were cultivated in vitro till the cotyledon expanded. Plantlets and cotyledonary nodes were respectively inoculated with two Agrobacterium strains, GV3101 or LBA4404 harboring the binary vector pHEE401E. Explants were co-cultivated in 1/2 MS medium for three days. After washing with sterile water and cefotaxime, the explants were first placed in a medium containing cefotaxime, then were transferred to a same medium that was further added hygromycin. During the elimination and selection, each cotyledonary node turned brown. In the process of subculture, necrotic parts were removed. Result showed that the survival rate of plantlets was 5% in GV3101 treatment. However, LBA4404 ones eventually got brown.
Speakers
avatar for Ting Hsuan Huang

Ting Hsuan Huang

Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University
Co-authors
RS

Rong Show Shen

National Chiayi University
NA
YH

Yang Hsin Hsu

National Chiayi University
NA
YC

Yi Chien Lu

National Chiayi University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:20pm HST

O/LT 1 - Relationship between Soil Water Content, Quantum Efficiency, Stomatal Conductance and Stem Water Potential in Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Perennials are an important component in north-central Texas landscapes, providing color and foraging for local pollinators. However, severe summer drought and a rapidly growing urban environment forces limitations on water availability for landscape irrigation. Therefore, we need to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation on landscape plant performance. Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’ is a perennial known to perform well in north-central Texas summers, and it attracts numerous pollinators, including bumblebees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Twelve beds were created in four blocks, with three beds per block and one plant planted per bed. Within each block, irrigation was applied at one of three levels, 60% of evapotranspiration (ET), 30% of ET and no irrigation. Soil moisture monitors [time domain reflectometry (TDR), 10HS, Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, MA] and a handheld moisture meter (TDR, Fieldscout 350, Spectrum Technologies, Aurora, IL) were used to measure water content by volume (Θv). Quantum efficiency (ΦPSII) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured using a fluorometer/porometer (LI-600, LiCor Corp., Lincoln, NE), and stem water potential of each plant was measured using a pressure chamber (Model 615, PMS Instrument Company, Albany, OR) on a weekly basis. Surprisingly, soil moisture levels in the 30% treatment (0.10 m-3·m-3) were the lowest, with 60% at 0.25 m-3·m-3) and no irrigation at 0.14 m-3·m-3. Quantum efficiency was similarly lower in 30% (0.60), compared to 0.72 and 0.69 for the 60% and unirrigated plots, respectively. Stomatal conductance was similar across all treatments. Stem water potentials were highest in plants receiving 30% (800 kPa), compared to 380 kPa in 60% and 360 kPa with no irrigation. Across all treatments, plant performance was correlated to soil water content, (ΦPSII P=0.03, r=0.24; gs P=0.05, r=0.22; kPa P=0.003, r=-0.33). Based on this study, Salvia guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’ should be irrigated at 60% of ET for best plant performance during summer heat and drought.
Speakers
avatar for Lindsey Trinkle
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Kahili

12:20pm HST

POM 1 - Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Survival, Fruit Characteristic, and Thorn Length in Different Varieties of Citrus
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
In this study, we investigated the variety-dependent survival of citrus seedlings and analyzed the pomological characteristics of fruits and thorn lengths following irradiation with gamma rays. Scions from the seedlings of the following citrus varieties, ‘Yuzu’, ‘Noeulhyang’, ‘Sarahyang’, ‘Namgam’ (nucellar), and ‘Meiwakumquat’ irradiated with gamma rays at 0, 60, 80, and 100 Gy were grafted onto trifoliate orange. At 6 months after grafting, the survival rates of ‘Yuzu’ and ‘Noeulhyang’ exposed to 100 Gy were 49.5% and 34.8%, and that of ‘Sarahyang’ and ‘Namgam’ (nucellar) exposed to 80 Gy were 51.6% and 46.8%, respectively. ‘Meiwakumquat’ exhibited the lowest survival among the varieties used in this study. Therefore, we classified ‘Meiwakumquat’ as highly susceptible to gamma radiation; ‘Noeulhyang’, ‘Sarahyang’, and ‘Namgam’ (nucellar) as intermediately susceptible; and ‘Yuzu’ as the least susceptible. We assessed the effects of gamma radiation on the pomological traits in irradiated ‘Tambit1ho’ and ‘Yuzu’. Among the 72 irradiated ‘Tambit1ho’ seedlings, the average seed number (number of seeds per fruit) varied between 0 and 18.6, whereas that in the unirradiated seedlings was between 8 and 18. Among the irradiated seedlings, the average seed number was less than 1.0 in eight seedlings. In addition, we observed variations in weight, rind and segment hardness, and sugar and acid contents. The thorn length of the flush in unirradiated ‘Yuzu’ was between 1.3 and 6.0 cm, whereas that of flush in gamma-irradiated seedlings was between 0.1 and 6.1 cm. Among the irradiated ‘Yuzu’ seedlings, the thorn length was less than 0.1 cm in two seedlings.(This work was carried out with the support of the Research Program for the National Institute of Horticultural
Speakers
avatar for Dong-Hoon Lee

Dong-Hoon Lee

Senior Researcher, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
Co-authors
CW

Cheol Woo Choi

National Institute of Horticultural
NA
JP

Jeesoo Park

Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
SH

Su Hyun Yun

National Institute of Horticultural
NA
SM

Suk Man Park

National Institute of Horticultural
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Coral 2

12:20pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Impact of Cover Crops and Herbicides on Early Season Weed Control and Sweetpotato Storage Root Yield.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) are among the most important food crops worldwide, but production in Missouri is limited. Weed competition, especially early in the growing season, is a major factor impacting sweetpotato yields. The objective of this study was to optimize early season weed control in sweetpotatoes using fall seeded cover crops and spring applied herbicides. Cover crops, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), were seeded in the fall. Before sweetpotato transplanting the following spring, glyphosate was applied to terminate cover crop growth along with flumioxazin as a residual herbicide. In designated treatments, S-metolachlor was applied 3 weeks later to extend residual activity. A total of eight treatments, including an untreated control, and a second control consisting of herbicides followed by tillage and hand-weeding as Missouri standard practice, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Sweetpotato ‘Beauregard’ slips were transplanted in early June 2023. By 4 weeks after transplanting (WATr), weed biomass in cover crop plus herbicide plots was reduced by 99.3% and 86.3% for broadleaf and grass weeds, respectively, compared to the untreated control. An orthogonal test found that sweetpotato production in plots that received winter wheat as cover crop resulted in a significantly higher yield compared to plots that received cereal rye as a cover crop. Winter wheat combined with flumioxazin applied PRE and S-metolachlor applied as an overlapping residual herbicide demonstrated the greatest yield among all treatments, resulting in over 200-fold greater yield compared to the untreated control. The Missouri standard practice, represented as the weed-free control, produced statistically the same yield as the best treatment. However, this was the most time-consuming and labor-intensive practice and would be challenging for commercial production. Collectively, our results suggest that sweetpotato production in Missouri should consider integration of cover crops and herbicides to allow strong establishment of sweetpotato vines early in the early growing season, and hence ensure higher profitability without intensive labor inputs.
Speakers
RN

Richard Noel Torres

University of Missouri - Columbia
Co-authors
RS

Reid Smeda

University of Missouri - Columbia
NA
XX

Xi Xiong

University of Missouri - Columbia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:30pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:20pm HST

How to effectively vernalize and cross perennial and biennial kales in growth chambers: temperature, photoperiod, and light conditions for success
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:35pm HST
After a brief introduction about BioChambers, Patrick Friesen (PhD) will talk about using growth chambers to effectively vernalize and cross perennial and biennial kales. The talk will focus on how to leverage the full environmental control growth chambers provide for successful synchronous flowering, sharing key details about growth temperatures, photoperiod, and light (quantity and quality) conditions used. This presentation is based on a successful crossing experiment, which is aimed toward breeding perennial kales that can successfully overwinter in southern Manitoba, Canada.
Speakers
avatar for Patrick Friesen, PhD

Patrick Friesen, PhD

Plant Scientist - Sales and Application Support, BioChambers
I am the plant scientist here at BioChambers. Please talk to me about your plant growth goals. I have experience and resources to share about how to adjust environmental conditions (light, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, air movement, and pot size) to achieve your plant... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:20pm - 12:35pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

12:25pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Effects of Cooling Delay and Harvest Maturity on ‘Gem’ Pear Internal Breakdown Development
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:25pm - 12:35pm HST
‘Gem’ pear is a relatively new European pear cultivar with good fire blight resistance. Fruit can be eaten without ripening, either at harvest or upon removing from cold storage, when still crisp and juicy, or can be expected to ripen to a buttery melting texture after 30-60 days of regular-air (RA) storage (~30 °F). Although research initially indicated ‘Gem’ could be stored in RA conditions for 5 months with good quality retention, in practice ‘Gem’ storage has proved more challenging, primarily due to internal breakdown which can appear as early as 2 months after storage, either in RA or controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. Additionally, with increasing commercial production of ‘Gem’, there is industry interest in extending storage beyond 5 months. This on-going study evaluates factors potentially influencing internal breakdown development, such as cooling delay (representing a delay of room temperature establishment at storage facility) and fruit maturity in year 1 and cooling delay and rate of controlled atmosphere (CA) establishment in year 2. In year 1, internal breakdown incidence was essentially absent for fruit harvested at 56 N flesh firmness but higher for fruit harvested at 44 N, especially where cooling was delayed. Fruit harvested at 56 N did not soften to below 18 N at 60 d storage, indicating a longer period of postharvest chilling is required for less mature fruit.
Speakers
JT

Janet Turner

Bio-Science Research Technician, USDA-ARS Hood River Worksite
Co-authors
KD

Kristal Dowell

USDA-ARS Hood River Worksite
NA
RL

Rachel Leisso

USDA-ARS Hood River Worksite
YD

Yu Dong

State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:25pm - 12:35pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:25pm HST

VCM 1 - Evaluation of Specialty Cucumber Cultivars in a High Tunnel Production System
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:25pm - 12:35pm HST
Cucumbers are popular and high-value vegetable crops mainly marketed through local food markets for fresh consumption. Vegetable growers in Mississippi mainly operate on small to medium size farms. High value crops including tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers could be grown to increase competitiveness. Specialty cucumber cultivars including the parthenocarpic and mini types are in high demand due to their superior eating quality, these are often produced in protected environments like high tunnels or greenhouses. The objective of this study is to evaluate specialty cucumber cultivars and identify cultivars for superior yield and quality in the local climate under protected culture. This study was conducted in a high tunnel production system located at Mississippi State University through two growing seasons in 2022 and 2023. Twenty cucumber cultivars were evaluated including ten long Dutch/English slicer types: ‘Asteroid Long’, ‘Bologna Long’, ‘Boncanale Long’, ‘Davida Long’, ‘Durance Long’, ‘Georgia’, ‘Kasja Long’, ‘Tyria Long’, ‘Verdon Bio Long’, ‘Verdon Long’; five mini types: ‘Jawell Mini’, ‘Katrina’, ‘Manar Mini’, ‘Picolino’, ‘Socrates’; and four Asian types: ‘Itachi’, ‘Nokya’, ‘Unagi’, ‘Wokue’. The last cultivar ‘Striped Armenian’ is not a true cucumber and is actually part of the melon family. Plants were grown in 6-gallon containers using a modified drop line trellis system. Plant vegetative growth that was measured included plant height, stem diameter as well as soil plant analysis of development (SPAD). Cucumber fruits were harvested twice weekly, weighed for individual fruit weight, counted, and separated into marketable yield and unmarketable yield. Various fruit quality characteristics including: fruit diameter, fruit length, skin color, soluble solids content and fruit firmness were collected twice in each growing season. Cultivars varied in marketable and unmarketable yields in both growing seasons. In 2022, the cultivar ‘Picolino’ produced the highest marketable yield of 4.79 kg per plant with a majority of the other cultivars having statistically similar marketable fruit yields ranging from 2.87 kg in ‘Unagi’ to 4.75 kg in ‘Katrina’. The lowest marketable yield was produced by ‘Striped Armenian’ with 2.05 kg of marketable fruit for the entire growing season. Fruit quality parameters including soluble solids content, firmness, and fruit length had significant differences between cultivars. The cultivar ‘Kasja Long’ produced fruits with the highest soluble solids content of 4.18 °Brix, the other cultivars in this study had values ranging from 2.47 °Brix to 4.12 °Brix. The cultivars ‘Itachi’ and ‘Socrate’ produced the firmest fruit with values of 6.75 N and 6.70 N, respectively.
Speakers
JA

Jacob Arthur

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:25pm - 12:35pm HST
Nautilus

12:29pm HST

Viticulture and Small Fruits 1 (VSF 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:29pm - 1:40pm HST
Identification and Prevalence of Grapevine Virus Diseases (GVD) in North Carolina - Kimberly Heagy
Learning Sustainable Edible Gardening through Hands-on Approach with Muscadine Grapes - Claude Judy Jean
Creating a Practical Approach for Wine Grape Grower to Predict Grapevine Water Status by Precision Viticulture Technologies - Runze Yu
Effect of Planting Distance on PD Resistant Predominantly Vitis Vinifera Grape ‘502-20’ During the Years of Establishment - Elina Coneva
Genetics of Adventitious Root Formation in Dormant Bud Cuttings of Grapevines - Sadikshya Sharma
Evaluation of Cordon Training System in Blackberry Production - Jayesh Samtani
Enhancing the Fruit Set of NJ BP1-1 Beach Plum (Prunus maritima) - Rebecca Magorn

Moderator
CJ

Claude Judith Jean

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:29pm - 1:40pm HST
South Pacific 4

12:29pm HST

Undergraduate Student Poster 1 (UG 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:29pm - 2:10pm HST
A Mentor-Mentee Undergraduate Scientific Communications Course - Danielle Jaden Yamagata Santos
Growth and Volatile Compounds on Thai Herbs at Different Cultivation Systems in Vertical Farming - Akira Kakai
Growth, Anthocyanin Content and Its Gene Expression in Purple Color Paprika Fruit Applying Blue Light at Night - Ryuhei Mitsuzuka
The Effect of Mixing Artificial Seawater into Hydroponic Solution to Tomato Fruit Growth and Ion Contents - Miyuki Baba
Detection of Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses using Vis/NIR Spectroscopy - Ji Yeong Ham
Developing Utah’s Own Sap Drinks - Catherine Sun
Effect Of Temperature Alterations On Phytochemicals Accumulation Among Two Variety Of Feverfew Cultivars - Jalynn Greer
Increased Airflow Improves Yields of High Density Indoor Micro Dwarf Tomato - Matthew Arrington
Assessing the Impact of Urban Environments on the Biomolecular Composition of 'Mosco' Chili Peppers - Kathryn Braun
Growth and Physiology of Three Buckwheat Cultivars under Reduced Substrate Water Contents - Sawyer Zook

Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:29pm - 2:10pm HST
South Pacific 3

12:30pm HST

GG 1 - Native Southern Red Aroniaberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Response to Chill Hours in Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
Aroniaberry or chokeberry (Aronia sp., Rosaceae) is an attractive deciduous tree-like shrub. Native to eastern and central United States, red aroniaberry (A. arbutifolia) is more predominant in the southern part of the distribution. Bright red fruits, proliferous white flowers in spring, and attractive fall color, make A. arbutifolia a native shrub with ornamental potential. Most of the aroniaberry ornamental varieties available in the market are selections or hybrids of black aroniaberry (A. melanocarpa), they produce black fruit, and do not perform well in sub-tropical climates. We collected triploid and tetraploid A. arbutifolia from five different locations in South Georgia and evaluated their flowering period, fruit production, and response to chill hours in Griffin, GA (Zone 8a, Piedmont region). Plants were exposed to 1000, 800, 600, 400, or 0 chill hours and planted in the field in April of 2023. Flowering timing had a strong correlation with chill hours; plants with chill hours below 600 hrs. presented less flowers and flowering was not uniform.
Speakers
LL

Leynar Leyton

University of Florida
Co-authors
BP

Bodie Pennisi

University of Georgia
NA
CR

Carol Robacker

University of Georgia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:30pm HST

O/LT 1 - Effect of Coconut Coir and Biochar Media on Ornamental Plant Growth and Nutrient Leaching
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
The growing demand for container ornamental plants opens new opportunities for nurseries to expand their business. However, expecting to improve plant quality, growers often overapply fertilizer and water. Excessive fertilizer application and overwatering can result in nutrient leaching and runoff. In addition, growers heavily rely on unsustainable sphagnum moss as a medium for growing their plants. Replacing sphagnum moss with coconut coir may increase production sustainability, and incorporating biochar may have potential to adsorb excess nutrients, thus lowering fertilizer concentration in leachate. In this study, we explored the suitability of using various mixtures of coconut coir and biochar for growing goldenrod, lavender, and chrysanthemum plants for two growing seasons. Results indicated that utilizing pine bark and coconut coir did not hinder plant growth and development compared to a traditional mixture of pine bark and sphagnum moss for any of the plants studied. Also, inclusion of 10% biochar did not enhance growth, nor did it reduce nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in container leachate. Biochar did not reduce nutrient leaching in this study. However, coconut coir was found to be a suitable substitute for sphagnum moss in container nursery production.
Speakers
avatar for Saroj Burlakoti

Saroj Burlakoti

Utah State University
Co-authors
KK

Kelly Kopp

Utah State University
NA
LS

Lance Stott

Utah State University
NA
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
Kahili

12:30pm HST

POM 1 - Consumer Preference and Willingness-to-Pay for Pawpaw Value-Added Products
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
The North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is the largest edible tree fruit native to North America, with a flavor resembling a unique tropical-like blend of mango and banana. Commercial production and consumer interest in pawpaw is on the rise in the US and worldwide. Fresh pawpaw fruit has a short shelf life and does not store or ship well. Value-added products represent a great potential market to both diversify offerings of products containing pawpaw, and provide shelf-stable products that could be available year-round and circumvent the storage and shipping challenges of fresh fruit. Pawpaws can be utilized in many value-added products, including ice cream, yogurt, jam, custard, baked goods, hot sauces, wine, beer, and brandy. A pawpaw value-added product tasting was conducted in September 2023 at the Kentucky State University Research and Demonstration Farm as part of the annual Pawpaw Third Thursday Thing workshop. Participants tasted samples of slices of fresh pawpaw fruit of six varieties, pawpaw jam on crackers, and pawpaw ice cream. A survey was conducted evaluating preference and interest in purchasing pawpaw fruit, jam, and ice cream, and willingness to pay. The survey found that 93% of participants would be interested in purchasing pawpaw fruit at a farmers market, compared to 80% at a grocery store and 88% at an on-farm market or roadside stand. Ninety-five percent (95%) of participants would be interested in purchasing pawpaw jam if available in stores, and 95% of participants would also be interested in purchasing pawpaw ice cream if available in stores. Respondents would be willing to pay $2.20 per fruit, or $4.97 per pound for fresh pawpaw fruit. Respondents reported they would pay $7.22 for an 8 ounce jar of pawpaw jam, and $8.51 for a quart of pawpaw ice cream. Currently, pawpaw ice cream and jam are sold by very few retailers in specialty markets, so there is great opportunity for pawpaw producers to introduce high-value pawpaw products that are desired by consumers to their retail markets.
Speakers
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Horticulture Research and Extension Associate, Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
JN

Joni Nelson

Kentucky STate University
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
MB

Matthew Behrends

Kentucky State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
Coral 2

12:30pm HST

UG 1 - A Mentor-Mentee Undergraduate Scientific Communications Course
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
TPSS 491 Scientific Communications is a new one-credit undergraduate course in the TPSS Department. It was offered for the first time in Fall 2023 with six undergraduate students. The objective was to enable personalized instruction and mentoring of students on their projects. Consulting with the instructor, each student decided on two projects to work on. Students indicated what specific feedback they were looking for, and the instructor provided individualized assistance. One-to-one meetings enabled more detailed personal instruction. Students were more motivated when working on their own projects. This course’s flexible meeting dates and times allowed tailoring it to each student’s schedule. TPSS 491 helped me to develop and complete personal projects that are crucial in professional development. The flexibility of the course allowed me to partake in one-on-one meetings that worked with my schedule as a full-time student which was one factor why I decided to take this course. Being able to receive personalized feedback on my projects allowed me to make constant improvements that made me feel confident in my work, especially as I plan to use these as tools to enter the professional setting after graduation. The course’s flexible scheduling and wide choice of projects were very appealing to me. As an upper-class student, I had multiple ongoing research projects, more classes than usual, and a research-based part-time position. Each commitment involved weekly meetings, assignments, and demanded a significant portion of my time and attention. However, the flexibility of the “To Be Determined” scheduling of the course created more freedom within my schedule, providing me with the necessary time to complete my other projects and courses. Having the choice to decide which projects to work on enabled me to receive valuable feedback on an important graduate school funding application and a research project. Without this flexibility, I might not have received as much feedback on these important parts of my academic journey. In conclusion, TPSS 491 is an important course for undergraduate students to receive valuable feedback from the instructor regarding scientific communication. TPSS 491 proved to be an invaluable course for me. The constructive feedback I received on my projects was instrumental in my personal and academic growth. This course allowed me to focus on projects that held significance for my academic and professional development and provided the flexibility needed to balance various commitments required to advance my experience as an early-career researcher.
Speakers
KD

Kent D. Kobayashi

Interim Dept. Chair, TPSS Dept., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
Co-authors
DJ

Danielle Jaden Yamagata-Santos

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
NA
KG

Koa Grabar

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
South Pacific 3

12:30pm HST

VSF 1 - Identification and Prevalence of Grapevine Virus Diseases (GVD) in North Carolina
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
Grapevine virus diseases (GVD) are a leading cause of economic concern in the US grape and wine industry, including in North Carolina (NC). Visual vineyard observations in summer and fall of 2017 revealed GVD-like symptoms across European-style winegrowing regions in NC. These observations prompted a state-wide vineyard survey with two aims, (1) identify and assess the prevalence of common grapevine viruses in NC and (2) develop a GVD testing service for growers in NC. A vineyard survey was conducted after harvest (October
Speakers
KH

Kimberly Heagy

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
CA

Christie Almeyda

North Carolina State University
EV

Emma Volk

University of California
MA

Maher Al Rhawini

University of California Davis
NA
MH

Mark Hoffmann

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
South Pacific 4

12:30pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Effects of Row-middle Cover Crops on Strawberry Plasticulture Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
The United States ranks second in strawberry production worldwide. Much of this production has been transitioned from perennial matted row to annual plasticulture production. However, in states like Indiana, growers are exploring a hybrid system: multi-year plasticulture production. In response, we explored cover crops for row-middle weed management in plasticulture strawberry production. In September 2022, we planted ‘Chandler’ strawberry plugs into white polyethylene-mulched rows at Lafayette and Vincennes, IN. We established five row-middle treatments: nontreated and wheat straw mulch controls and three cover crops (oats, cereal rye, and white clover). The oats were winter-killed, and the cereal rye was roller-crimped in mid-May of 2023. Data collected included percent cover crop and weed canopy (per 0.09 m2); frost-killed flowers, live flowers, and developed fruits per plant within 2 weeks after the last spring frost; and total fruit number and yield per plant. At 7 weeks after transplanting (WAP), the oats canopy (82%) was greater than that of cereal rye (61%) and white clover (22%) but less than straw mulch (96%). Weed canopy in the straw mulch and oats was 6%, less than the nontreated control (38%). At 27 and 35 WAP, the cereal rye canopy was 96% and 100%, respectively; while the other treatments had less than 85% and 74% coverage, respectively. At 27 WAP, cereal rye and oats at both sites and straw mulch at Vincennes had less weed canopy (< 7%) than the nontreated control (>63%). At 35 WAP, only cereal rye had no weed canopy. At Lafayette, all treatments had 15 frost-killed flowers per plant. At Vincennes, all treatments had 8 frost-killed flowers per plant, except cereal rye (2 frost-killed flowers per plant). There were no differences among treatments in the live flower count. The number of developed fruits at both sites was significantly greater with cereal rye (8 fruits per plant) compared to all the other treatments (≤ 5 fruit per plant). Total harvested fruit number and yield at Lafayette was 17 fruits per plant and 135 g per plant for all treatments. At Vincennes, cereal rye resulted in significantly greater fruit number (10 fruits per plant) and yield (99 g per plant) compared to all other treatments (≤ 5 fruit and ≤ 49 g per plant). This study demonstrated that cereal rye was the most effective choice for suppressing weeds while maintaining or increasing strawberry yield in the first year of a multi-year plasticulture production system.
Speakers
avatar for Jeanine Arana

Jeanine Arana

Purdue University
Co-authors
SM

Stephen Meyers

Purdue University
WG

Wenjing Guan

Purdue University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:30pm - 12:40pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:35pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Efficacy of Ultraviolet Radiation for Control of the Mucor Rot Pathogen in Post-harvest Anjou and Bartlett Pears
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:35pm - 12:45pm HST
Mucor rot is caused by the pathogen Mucor piriformis, which can be responsible for severe post-harvest decay in a wide variety of commercially important fruit. There are a minimal number of fungicides that have been shown to be effective against Mucor rot. As a result, alternative methods for control of Mucor rot are currently being investigated. Ultraviolet light in the C spectrum (UV-C) is a germicidal form of radiation that has been demonstrated to kill common post-harvest pathogens. Little information is available for the effectiveness of UV-C light against M. piriformis. For this study, a Far-UV light (222-nm) and a UV-C light (265-nm) were tested for their ability to inactivate M. piriformis. The effects of three UV-C light treatments (0kJ, 10kJ, and 20kJ) were tested on Anjou and Bartlett pears that had been wound inoculated with M. piriformis. Lesion sizes were measured after five weeks in cold storage. The optimal dose required to inactivate M. piriformis in vitro in polystyrene wells with the Far-UV light was found to be 9 kJ, which, with available bulbs set at 8 cm distance, required 17 minutes of treatment. Results showed no significant effect of treatment on final lesion size for both the Far-UV light and the UV-C light. For both lights, final mean lesion sizes were larger for fruit that had been treated with the 20kJ and 10 kJ treatments when compared to the control fruit that received no UV-C treatment. Results from this study suggest that UV-C radiation in the 222-nm and 265-nm light spectrum have minimal impacts on reducing rot caused by M. piriformis in Anjou and Bartlett pears, and, given the duration of treatment required for spore deactivation, this technology may prove impractical for managing M. piriformis on other components of pear packing systems.
Speakers Co-authors
KW

Kevin Wang

USDA-ARS
NA
RL

Rachel Leisso

USDA-ARS Hood River Worksite
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:35pm - 12:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:35pm HST

VCM 1 - Are Locally Sourced Biochar and Poultry Litter the Solution to Improving Soil Health and Sustainably Producing Tomatoes?
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:35pm - 12:45pm HST
Agriculture is challenged by nutrient runoff, declining soil health, and high costs of inorganic fertilizers. This study investigates the potential of locally sourced biochar and poultry litter to address these issues by enhancing soil health and tomato production. Conducted in Spring 2023, the field trial assessed biochar application rates of 0, 10, 15, and 20 (tons/acre), combined with either organic (poultry litter) or inorganic fertilizer providing (225 N lbs/acre) for the growing period of the tomatoes. Utilizing a randomized complete block design, the experiment had four replications across ten treatments. The findings from this study revealed no significant differences in tomato yield between plants fertilized organically or inorganically across the various biochar application rates. Notably, the use of poultry litter as an organic fertilizer showcased promising results, particularly evident in the increased production of extra-large tomatoes. However, it also led to a higher count of culls. Biochar application significantly enhanced several key soil chemical properties, including pH levels, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient retention, especially at higher application rates. The incorporation of biochar was observed to substantially elevate soil pH by the season's end, attributed mainly to its considerable calcium content. A biochar application rate of (20 tons/acre) notably increased the pH to 6.8 in the inorganic treatment and even higher to 7.2 in the organic treatment when combined with calcium-rich poultry litter. In scenarios without biochar, the sandy loam soils exhibited a decrease in pH levels by the end of the season, indicating biochar's crucial role in counteracting soil acidification. The study also highlighted that a high biochar application rate significantly improved CEC in both inorganic and organic production systems by the season's end, facilitating better nutrient retention in sandy loam soils. Furthermore, higher biochar applications were associated with lower nitrate concentrations, while the absence of biochar in both treatments led to increased nitrate levels. This pattern was similarly observed with ammonium levels, where higher biochar applications resulted in reduced concentrations, suggesting that biochar effectively prevents the volatilization of ammonia. The research supports the hypothesis that biochar functions like a sponge, retaining essential nutrients within the soil matrix. This study provides evidence that biochar presents a viable strategy for organic and inorganic farmers to enhance soil chemical properties over the long term, offering a sustainable solution to improve agricultural practices and tomato production.
Speakers
avatar for Emilio Suarez Romero

Emilio Suarez Romero

Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Co-authors
HY

Henry Y Sintim

University of Georgia
NA
JC

Juan Carlos Diaz Perez

University of Georgia
KC

Kate Cassity Duffey

University of Georgia
NA
TM

Ted McAvoy

University of Georgia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:35pm - 12:45pm HST
Nautilus

12:40pm HST

GG 1 - Enhancing Ornamental Traits through Induced Polyploidy in Hibiscus hamabo: A Cytomolecular Analysis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
The Hibiscus genus, encompassing roughly 300 species across 10 sections, presents a diverse and economically significant range of industrial, ornamental, and medicinal properties. Polyploidy, whether occurring spontaneously or induced through external agents, such as chemicals like colchicine and oryzalin, plays a crucial role in plant breeding. It enhances various attributes including flower size, resilience, and metabolite production. Among the species in this genus, Hibiscus hamabo is noted for its salt tolerance and its attractive yellow flowers in summer and golden-yellow or burnt orange leaves in fall. However, H. hamabo typically has small and sparse flowers, which led to our efforts to enhance its ornamental value through induced polyploidy. In our study, we treated germinating seeds of H. hamabo with three concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.125, and 0.25% v/v) for varying durations (6, 12, or 24 hours). The most effective conversion was achieved with seeds treated with 0.25% v/v colchicine for 24 hours. This treatment produced solid polyploids (4n = 184) and mixed-polyploids (2n 4n). The 4n plants exhibited a 2C-DNA content of 8.50 pg, compared to 4.23 pg in the untreated (2n = 92) plants. We evaluated the impact of induced polyploidy on several morphological traits including leaf color, shape, size, trichome density, and plant height. Significant differences were observed between the polyploid plants and the control plants. Additionally, we explored the cytomolecular analysis of induced polyploidy, particularly focusing on the distribution and organization of rDNA. In 2n plants, one locus of 5S and four loci of 35S rDNA (two major and two minor) were identified. The 5S site is pericentromeric, while one of the major 35S sites is sub-terminal, and the others are at terminal locations. In 4n plants, the number of 5S and 35S sites was exactly duplicated, confirming the polyploidization at the genetic level. Our results proved that colchicine can be used to induce polyploidy in germinating H. hamabo seeds, paving the way for the improvement of this species through this method.
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:40pm HST

O/LT 1 - Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Marigold Exposed to Different Ratios of Blue Light and Red Light
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Light plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth, development, and metabolism. The absorption spectra of photosynthetic pigments are primarily concentrated in the blue (400-500nm) and red (600-750nm) regions of light, making these wavelengths particularly influential in plant morphogenesis and photosynthesis. Varying the ratios of blue to red light can produce distinct morphological and physiological outcomes in plants. Blue light enhances photosynthetic activity and promotes more compact and robust growth, while red light encourages rapid growth and flowering. These specific combinations can be optimized for desirable traits in ornamental plants. This research aims to evaluate the effects of different combinations of blue and red light on the physiological and morphological characteristics of marigold (Tagetes erecta) ‘Crackerjack’. Seeds were sowed in Metromix 820 potting mix and placed on a misting bench for germination. After germination, seedlings were subjected to three different light spectra: 10% blue and 90% red LEDs (10¬B90R), 25%blue and 75% red LEDs (25B75R), and 50% blue and 50% red LEDs (50B50R) maintained using a spectrometer (StellarNet Inc.). A 90% shade cloth was used in each treatment to prevent the effect of outside light. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was maintained at 150 µmol.m-2.s-1 and the photoperiod was maintained at 12 h light and 12 h dark. After four weeks, various physiological and morphological parameters were assessed in five destructively harvested seedlings per treatment. We found that seedlings grown under the 25B75R treatment exhibited greater height in comparison to those under the 50B50R spectrum but similar to seedlings under 10¬B90R. Stomatal conductance (gs) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were higher under 50B50R than in 25B75R but comparable to those in 10¬B90R. Additionally, the SPAD and NDVI values, which indicate chlorophyll content and overall plant health, were highest under the 50B50R treatment. However, leaf area, total fresh weight, and total dry weight showed no significant differences among the treatments.
Speakers
AC

Anju Chaudhary

Utah State University
Co-authors
SP

Shital Poudyal

Utah State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Kahili

12:40pm HST

POM 1 - Promising Advanced Selections from Kentucky State University’s Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) Breeding Program.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
The North American Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a tree fruit native to the Eastern U.S. which is being produced in commercial orchards across the U.S. and internationally, with an increasing market and interest. There are approximately 50 pawpaw cultivars available, but many of these varieties have low yields with fruit sizes below the threshold of 120 grams needed for commercial sale and processing. New high yielding cultivars with excellent fruit quality would further assist in the development of the pawpaw industry. Kentucky State University serves as the National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Pawpaw. Two goals of the Repository research efforts are germplasm acquisition and evaluation. The repository contains over 2000 accessions from 16 different states; additionally, both open pollinated seedlings from superior genotypes and crosses of superior selections have been incorporated into the repository collection. Fruit weights from three of KSU’s advanced selections (Hi 1-4, Hi 7-1, and G6-120) were compared to the cultivars ‘KSU-Atwood’, ‘KSU-Benson’, ‘KSU-Chappell’, ‘Ralph’s Whopper’, and ‘Sunflower’. Fruit weights for Hi 1-4 (241.5 g) and Hi 7-1 (233.5 g) were significantly larger than ‘Sunflower’ (145.3 g). Hi 1-4 and Hi 7-1 show potential to be promising new releases and have been budded onto seedling rootstock for further evaluation.
Speakers
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
Co-authors
KB

Kirie Broberg

Kentucky State University
NA
KP

Kirk Pomper

Kentucky State University
Dr. Kirk W. Pomper is the Professor of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture, Community, and the Sciences at Kentucky State University in Frankfort, Kentucky. As Horticulture Research Leader, his program is focused on research and Extension efforts toward developing pawpaw as... Read More →
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Coral 2

12:40pm HST

UG 1 - Growth and Volatile Compounds on Thai Herbs at Different Cultivation Systems in Vertical Farming
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Thai culinary herbs such as coriander and sweet basil become popular. For production of them in vertical farming, we need to investigate the suitable growing conditions, especially the relationship between nutrition condition in the root zone and vegetation growth. Moreover, we investigated the aroma quality under these conditions. Here, we report the comparing of nutrient conditions at both of perlite and hydroponic cultivation. Thai coriander (Coriandrum sativum ‘Saisamorn’) and Thai sweet basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum ‘Micro’) were sown under white LEDs for 24 hr. After 14 days, seedlings were transplanted into deep flow hydroponic culture in environment-controlled growth chamber at air temperature of 25℃, 60% relative humidity, and luminance at PPFD 450 µmol/m/s. The photoperiod was set for 16 hr. light and 8 hr. dark. Different concentrations ranged from EC 1.6, 2.0, and 3.5 at pH 5-6 of nutrient solution were supplied to hydroponic system and perlite system. The perlite system was used by mixing vermiculite with perlite at ratio of 1:2. The mixture of vermiculite and perlite was poured into planter for herb cultivation. Dripping tubes were provide for irrigation. After 40-50 days of transplant, vegetative growth; fresh weight, shoot growth, root length, and stem growth were measured. The major aromatic compounds for coriander such as Decanal, Dodecanal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and trans-2-dodecenal, and major aromatic compounds for sweet basil such as linalool, eugenol, methyl eugenol, estragole, eucalyptol were evaluated by using GC-MS. The growth and volatile compounds of coriander and sweet basil are varied toward nutrient solution condition and cultivation systems. As the result of this study, it can be assumed that we have found one of the optimum conditions to cultivate Thai herbs in a controlled environment.
Speakers
avatar for Akira Sakai

Akira Sakai

Meiji University
Co-authors
JS

Junjira Satitmunnaithum

Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University , Japan
TI

Takashi Ikeda

School of Agriculture, Meiji university
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
South Pacific 3

12:40pm HST

VSF 1 - Learning Sustainable Edible Gardening through Hands-on Approach with Muscadine Grapes
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
As the growing number of individuals moving to Florida has increased to over 1000 residents on average per day. Also, with the current focus on Florida’s water conservation
Speakers
CJ

Claude Judith Jean

University of Florida
Co-authors
BC

Brittany Council-Morton

University of Florida
JP

Julio Perez

University of Florida
NA
TF

Terra Freeman

UF/IFAS Extension St. Johns County
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
South Pacific 4
  Poster presentation (individual talk), Viticulture and Small Fruits 1
  • SUBJECT Viticulture
  • quality, alternative crops are a 15) and the second in March 2024 (n=19). Within both two-hour workshops, participants were able to go home with a muscadine grape cultivar of their choosing. The first workshop covered pest management, cultivar selection, and culture. Participants harvested and sampled fruit from different cultivars and then made cuttings of different varieties to propagate their own. The second workshop focused on the maintenance of grape vines. From the first workshop’s exit survey, participants reported intending on make changes to their landscape practices, including Right Plant Right Place (87%), Fertilize Appropriately (93%), Water Efficiently (67%), and Mulching (73%). 100% of participants also reported willingness to attempt to grow muscadines in the home landscape. From the second workshop, Right Plant Right Place (61%), Fertilize Appropriately (67%), Water Efficiently (44%), and Mulching (55%). 94% of participants self-reported that they felt better in managing muscadine vines, including installation

12:40pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Palmer Amaranth and Waterhemp in the Pacific Northwest: Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Implications for Crop Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) are the two most troublesome pigweeds in crop production systems in the United States. These pigweeds just started to appear in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). A coordinated extension and outreach effort among land-grant universities (University of Idaho and Oregon State University), Amalgamated Sugar, other commodity commissions, and industry was launched to track Palmer amaranth and waterhemp in the PNW. In 2023, tissue samples were collected from pigweeds suspected to be Palmer amaranth and waterhemp and sent to Colorado State University for KASP genotyping test to confirm if the species were Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. The KASP test confirmed that the suspected pigweeds were Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. Since the majority of these pigweeds survived multiple applications of glyphosate, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene duplication analysis was conducted to confirm possible glyphosate resistance in the Palmer amaranth and waterhemp populations. About 70% (17 out of 23) of the Palmer amaranth tissue samples showed gene duplication of up to 184 EPSPS gene copies, indicative of glyphosate resistance. All three populations of waterhemp showed gene duplication of 5.7 to 9.2 EPSPS gene copies indicative of glyphosate resistance. The widespread glyphosate resistance in the samples collected suggests that Palmer amaranth and waterhemp being introduced into the PNW are coming from States where these weeds have developed resistance to multiple herbicide groups. This would have huge implications for weed control in vegetables and other crops in the PNW.
Speakers
AA

Albert Adjesiwor

University of Idaho
Co-authors
AS

Andre Simoes Araujo

Colorado State University
NA
CA

Clarke Alder

Amalgamated Sugar
NA
JF

Joel Felix

Oregon State University
NA
TG

Todd Gaines

Colorado State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:50pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:40pm HST

New Products and Innovations from Apogee Instruments (ASHS 2024)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:55pm HST
An overview of the latest updates, new sensors, and projects in development from Apogee Instruments.
Speakers
avatar for Apogee Instruments

Apogee Instruments

Apogee Instruments
At Apogee Instruments, our mission is to help you make better measurements. This means more than just creating and selling research-grade sensors at an excellent price, it involves understanding your needs, supplying solutions, and providing the world-class support you need to succeed... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:40pm - 12:55pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

12:45pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Preliminary Insights Into the Effects of Various Technologies of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) “AnsiP®” on Apple Fruit Quality During Shelf Life
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:45pm - 12:55pm HST
Various postharvest formulations of 1-MCP have been innovated to optimize its efficacy for repeated use across storage, transportation, and retail stages. For small farms or fruits destined for farmers' markets, utilizing postharvest technologies with minimal 1-MCP concentrations is pivotal. In this trial, fruit from ‘Empire’, ‘Red Delicious’, and ‘RubyFrost’ apples was obtained from Cornell orchards in Lansing NY and Cornell AgriTech orchards in Geneva NY, on October 1, 4, and 13, respectively. Fruit were transported to the postharvest laboratory at Cornell University in Ithaca NY and fruit maturity indices were assessed. After cooling the fruit overnight, three different formulations of 1-MCP (tablet - AnsiP®-G, sticker - AnsiP®-Sticker, and sheet - AnsiP®-S, LYTONE Enterprise, Inc., Taiwan) were tested. The treatments were applied to fruit packed in cardboard boxes (30×30×48 cm), each containing 4 trays, at 3 °C for 24 hours. Fruit were then transferred to 20 ⁰C for 4 weeks, and fruit quality including internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, fruit color, IAD value index for peel chlorophyll content, and fruit weight were assessed weekly. Additionally, the release dynamics of 1-MCP from tablets, stickers, and sheets were evaluated in different trial. The 1-MCP tablets outperformed other treatments in reducing IEC and maintaining fruit firmness. The effects of different 1-MCP technologies on apple fruit quality and longevity during shelf life will be discussed.
Speakers
YA

Yosef Al Shoffe

Cornell Univeristy
Co-authors
YA

Yosef Al Shoffe

Cornell Univeristy
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:45pm - 12:55pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:45pm HST

VCM 1 - Is Trellising Beneficial to High Tunnel Melon Yield?
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:45pm - 12:55pm HST
Cantaloupes (Cucumis melo var. reticulatis) are a fruiting vegetable which grow best in warm environments. Cantaloupes also are infected by many foliar diseases which are triggered or exacerbated by rainfall and high relative humidity which is common during the growing season in Central Appalachia. One potential option for growing cantaloupes in West Virginia is high tunnel production. High tunnels significantly increase the air and soil temperature. In addition, the crop can be drip irrigated so there is no wet foliage for disease infection. Trellising may be necessary to facilitate harvest. Vertical trellising with pruning may be necessary for high tunnel production. Trellising can potentially increase marketable yield. However, trellis and pruning labor can be as high as $150/1000 ft2. Cantaloupes (cv. ‘Sugar Cube’) were transplanted within a high tunnel in 2023 and 2024. Vertical trellising and pruning were compared with non-trellised and non-pruned plants. Inputs such as labor and trellising supplies were recorded. In 2023, trellising did not significantly increase marketable yield of cantaloupes, but did significantly improve harvest efficiency.
Speakers
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:45pm - 12:55pm HST
Nautilus

12:50pm HST

GG 1 - Insights into the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild and Cultivated Spinach
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
The wealth of genetic and phenotypic diversity in plant species serves as the primary source of novel traits in plant breeding and crop improvement efforts. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) has a long cultivation history across diverse environments and geographic regions, which has resulted in adaptation to diverse conditions. This adaptation has been influenced further by human preferences for distinct leaf shapes, tastes, flavors, and nutrition, constituting a rich reserve of genetic and phenotypic diversity within Spinacia germplasm. Moreover, wild species (S. tetrandra and S. turkestanica) offer valuable resources, particularly for traits of commercial significance, such as resistance to prevalent pathogens and pests. Therefore, understanding the genetic variations that underlie phenotypic traits is crucial to enable effective gene introgression and the development of novel spinach varieties. We recently investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of a panel of over 500 cultivated and wild germplasm obtained from the Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN) at Wageningen University and Research (WUR). This panel, complemented with material from other sources, comprised 49 S. tetrandra and 86 S. turkestanica accessions. Our findings revealed the presence of significant genetic diversity within these panels of accessions, which were categorized into multiple distinct population groups. We evaluate this Spinacia panel for several horticulturally important traits to identify SNP markers and candidate gene regions associated with commercially important traits. Our objectives are to share novel insights into the genetic diversity of spinach and provide valuable molecular markers for improving cultivated spinach production.
Speakers
GB

Gehendra Bhattarai

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
avatar for Ainong Shi

Ainong Shi

Associate Professor, University of Arkasnas
Dr. Ainong Shi is a faculty member in the Department of Horticulture at the University of Arkansas. His research laboratory specializes in plant breeding and genetics, particularly focusing on vegetable crops such as arugula, cowpea, and spinach for cultivar and germplasm development... Read More →
CK

Chris Kik

Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen University and Research
NA
LD

Lindsey du Toit

Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Washington State University
NA
RV

Rob van Treuren

Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen University and Research
NA
SG

Sanjaya Gyawali

Sakata Seed America Inc.
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

12:50pm HST

O/LT 1 - Responses of Calamagrostis ×acutiflora under Deficit Irrigation
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
Deficit irrigation plays a crucial role in water conservation in urban landscapes. Calamagrostis ×acutiflora (feather reed grass) is an ornamental grass known for its neat clumps, golden plumes, and fast growth. It is gaining popularity in urban landscapes across arid and semi-arid regions in the United States. However, little is known about its responses to deficit irrigation. A field study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station’s Greenville Research Farm in North Logan, UT, to assess the effect of irrigation frequencies on the growth of feather reed grass. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data from a weather station in the Utah AgWeather System, Utah Climate Center, Logan, UT, was used to determine the irrigation frequency for each treatment. Four hundred plants were transplanted into the field plot, with twenty plants in each of the twenty 2 by 2-meter plots. Eighty plants within four plots were randomly assigned to one of five irrigation treatments, controlled based on 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 0% ETo. Two harvests were conducted on 30 Sep 2022 and 3 Nov 2023, during which plant height, number of tillers, and biomass were recorded. Plants height, number of tillers, and biomass for both years exhibited a linear and quadratic increase as the irrigation frequencies increased from 0% to 80% ETo. In addition, the linear relationship between irrigation treatments and grass height became less distinct in 2023, although grasses irrigated at 80% ETo were taller compared with those at lower irrigation levels. Based on the results, an irrigation frequency of 40% to 60% ETo is recommended for feather reed grass to maintain optimal growth.
Speakers
ZW

Zirui Wang

Utah State University
Co-authors
JJ

Ji Jhong Chen

Utah State University
NA
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
Kahili

12:50pm HST

POM 1 - Assessment of Fruit Quality and Value-added Potential of 16 Pawpaw Cultivars and Advanced Selections
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
The North American pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native tree-fruit that is in the early stages of commercial production in the United States. Pawpaw fruit have fresh market appeal for farmers markets, community supported agriculture, and organic markets, as well as processing potential for frozen pulp production. For the processing market, fruit with a large size of over 120 grams and less than 6 percent seed by weight, are desirable for processing for pulp recovery for value-added products such as hot sauce. Kentucky State University has already released three pawpaw cultivars, KSU-AtwoodTM in 2009, KSU-BensonTM in 2016, and KSU-ChappellTM in 2018. However, new high yielding cultivars with excellent fruit quality would further assist in the development of the pawpaw industry. The objective of this study was to determine the fruit quality of 16 pawpaw cultivars and advanced selections. Fruit weight, percent seed, and brix were determined for the cultivars and advanced selections grown at the Kentucky State University Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort, Kentucky. The cultivars and advanced selections evaluated were A3-1, A6-1, KSU-AtwoodTM, KSU-BensonTM, KSU-ChappellTM, G4-25, G6-120, G9-109, Hi 1-4, Hi 7-1, Hy3-120, NRVT 3-10, NRVT 3-4, Sunflower, Susquehanna, and Tallahatchie. Average fruit weight ranged from Tallahatchie at 138g to A-6-1 at 277g per fruit. A number of advanced selections had large fruit size and these included A6-1 (277g), Hy3-120 (258g), A3-1 (216g), Hi1-4 (214g), NRVT3-4 (208g), Hi7-1 (202g) and G9-109 (201g). Average percent seed for fruit ranged from G6-120 at 8.2 percent seed to the cultivar KSU-ChappellTM at 4.5 percent seed. A number of advanced selections had low percent seed and these included A6-1 (4.7%) and G4-25 (5.8%). Average percent Brix for fruit ranged from NRVT 3-10 at 19.8 Brix to the cultivar KSU-ChappellTM at 28.2 Brix. Many of these advanced selections show promise as potential new cultivars. Examples of hot sauce made from pawpaw pulp extracted from cultivars will be discussed.
Speakers
avatar for Kirk Pomper

Kirk Pomper

Professor-College of Agriculture, Kentucky State University
Co-authors
JL

Jeremy Lowe

Kentucky State University
KB

Kirie Broberg

Kentucky State University
NA
MB

Matthew Behrends

Kentucky State University
SC

Sheri Crabtree

Kentucky State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
Coral 2

12:50pm HST

UG 1 - Growth, Anthocyanin Content and Its Gene Expression in Purple Color Paprika Fruit Applying Blue Light at Night
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
In this study, we investigated the effect of night blue lighting on anthocyanin content and expression of its transcription factors and structural genes in purple paprika fruits. Purple paprika fruits (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Tequila’) were used for this experiment. Before light treatment, we used fifty plants grown under hydroponic conditions (EC 2.5, pH 6.0) in a greenhouse. At 10 days after pollination, we started irradiating the fruits at night with blue LEDs light at wavelength 460 nm and radiation intensity at 500 W-m-2. Control is non-irradiated treatment. Fruits were harvested at 15, 20, and 40 days after pollination, for fresh weight evaluation, then following analysis was performed. In the pigment analysis, anthocyanin content was determined based on cyanidin-3-glucoside. By adding 10% acetic acid to frozen ground fruit sample overnight at 4C, the absorbance was measured at 530 nm. In the gene analysis, RNA was extracted from fruit and cDNA was transcripted using kit with gDNA eraser. Then, cDNA template was mixed with PCR Master Mix for quantitative RT PCR analysis. The result was calculated as relative expression to UBI. As the results, fresh weight was not affected by light. Anthocyanin content of treated fruit increased approximately twice as much as that of control fruits at 15, 20, and 40 days after pollination. Furthermore, the expression levels of transcription factors; HY5, MYB, bHLH, and WDR, and structural genes; PAL, CHS, F3H, ANS, DFR, and UFGT increased in treated fruits. These results indicate that blue light irradiation enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in purple paprika fruits, by increasing the expression of its transcription factors and structural genes.
Speakers
RM

Ryuhei Mitsuzuka

Meiji University
Co-authors
IA

Itsuki Abe

School of Agriculture, Meiji University,
NA
JS

Junjira Satitmunnaithum

Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University , Japan
TI

Takashi Ikeda

School of Agriculture, Meiji University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

12:50pm HST

VSF 1 - Creating a Practical Approach for Wine Grape Grower to Predict Grapevine Water Status by Precision Viticulture Technologies
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
With the water regulations getting stricter in California and the climatic conditions getting warmer and drier during grape growing seasons, grape growers are forced to improve irrigation efficiency and eventually conserve water usage. This study was designed to incorporate soil moisture sensors and local above-ground weather stations to estimate grapevine water status with the goal to potentially replace pressure chamber measurement, which is the most popular plant-based method of measuring grapevine water status but labor-intensive and time-consuming. The study was conducted in a Barbera vineyard in Fresno, CA and there were four different regimes used in this study, including 50%, 75%, 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement, and an over-irrigated condition (>150% ETc). Three Sony’s soil moisture sensors were installed at 20cm, 37.5 cm, and 75 cm in the soil paired with four time-domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors at 20cm, 37.5cm, 75cm, and 150cm in the soil to continuously monitor additional soil conditions besides soil moisture content. The above-ground weather conditions were collected from a nearby California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) station (
Speakers
RY

Runze Yu

Assistant Professor, California State University, Fresno
Co-authors
GS

Gen Sakoda

Sony Group Corporation
NA
SN

Seiya Nishimura

Sony Group Corporation
NA
SM

Sho Murakoshi

Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation
NA
TT

Takashi Takinami

Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

12:50pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Mesotrione and Simazine-Based Tank-Mixes for Late-Season Control of Doveweed in Bermudagrass Turf
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
In recent years, doveweed [Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan] has become a pressing concern in Florida and nearby regions due to its rapid expansion and challenging eradication. Despite being considered a warm-season annual broadleaf, its grass-like foliage often enables it going unnoticed within the canopy, especially at early growth stages. Such camouflage allows for quick proliferation and rapid invasion leading to dense mats outcompeting desired turfgrass sward. Limited reliable herbicides exist, and their efficacy declines once the plants get established. Hence, there is a demand for options capable of controlling mature populations. This study assessed the efficacy of mesotrione at 0.37 L ha-1 or 0.58 L ha-1, simazine at 1.10 L ha-1 or 1.83 L ha-1, and their combinations for the late-season control of established doveweed in bermudagrass ‘CR-01’ maintained as a golf course fairway or athletic field at West Florida Research and Education Center in Jay, FL. When used independently, mesotrione alone provided inconsistent control, never surpassing 50%, whereas simazine alone yielded a maximum control of 80%) was achieved within 2 to 6 weeks after the initial treatment, contingent upon the rate, with higher rates yielding a more rapid response. Moreover, the control remained persistent until the conclusion of the study. Severe phytotoxicity was evident in all mesotrione-containing treatments, yet the turf recovered to acceptable levels within 4 weeks following each application.
Speakers
PP

Pawel Petelewicz

University of Florida
Co-authors
AB

Agustin Boeri

Texas A
NA
BU

Bryan Unruh

University of Florida
NA
CM

Chase McKeithen

University of Florida
NA
JG

Jayson Ging

University of Florida
NA
KG

Katarzyna Gawron

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:50pm - 1:00pm HST
Lehua Suite

12:55pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Pre-Storage Ambient Temperature Delay Reduces Lenticel Blotch by Mediating Metabolic Alteration in Cold-Stored ‘Summer Prince’ Apples
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:55pm - 1:05pm HST
Lenticel blotch as peel physiological disorder occurs in cold-stored apple fruit, characterized by irregular shape breakdown tissue without extending to the flesh. This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest treatment effects on fruit quality attributes, mineral nutrients, targeted metabolites, and incidence of lenticel blotch, and their relationship in cold stored ‘Summer Prince’ apple fruit. Fruits were harvested from 2 orchards, treated with postharvest 1-MCP, pre-storage ambient temperature delay for 7 days (ATC), and 1-MCP ATC at harvest and then stored at 0.5 °C for 5 months. There were significant differences in the organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and phosphoric acid contents in the soil. Calcium, manganese, copper, and zinc in leaf tissues were significantly different between 2 orchards. Lenticel blotch was effectively controlled by ATC treatment, while exacerbated by 1-MCP. Based on the results of VIP scores, histidine, valine, sucrose, K/Ca ratio, (K Mg P)/Ca ratio, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, ABTS, and DPPH were influenced by the postharvest treatments. In the results of volcano plot analysis, ATC treatment effectively controlled the symptoms and up-regulated in amino acids, such as valine, histidine, proline, and isoleucine. However, 1-MCP treatment caused to induce lenticel blotch by upregulating aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that pre-storage ambient temperature delay should control the lenticel blotch by mediating targeted metabolic alteration during cold storage.
Speakers
avatar for Hyowon Park

Hyowon Park

Ph.D candidate, Chung-Ang University
Co-authors
HP

Hnin Phyu Lwin

Washington State University
JK

Jeonghee Kim

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
JL

Jinhee Lee

Chung-Ang University
NA
JL

Jinwook Lee

Chung-Ang University
NA
JP

Jongtaek Park

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
SY

Seung Yeon Han

Chung-Ang University
NA
SK

Soon-il Kwon

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:55pm - 1:05pm HST
South Pacific 1

12:55pm HST

VCM 1 - Interseeded Clover Does Not Impact Pumpkin Yield
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:55pm - 1:05pm HST
Pumpkins are usually grown using wide row spacing, and in Minnesota, the canopy does not close until mid-summer and the canopy senesces in early- to mid-autumn. This provides opportunity for establishing frost-tolerant or winter-hardy cover crops between rows before the canopy closes, which will continue to grow after pumpkin foliage is gone. To understand more about competition between interseeded cover crops and pumpkins, four species of clover (berseem, crimson, Persian, and red) were sown between pumpkin rows (10-ft spacing) in late June, and pumpkin yield and clover growth and N content were measured in the fall. Both ‘Cotton Candy’ and ‘Kratos’ pumpkins were studied. ‘Kratos’ yield (68.4 Mg / ha; 1185 fruit / ha), fruit size (9.7 kg), and fruit size variability (28%) were 1.8 times, 0.55 times, 3.2 times, and 1.1 times as much as ‘Cotton Candy’, but none of these responses were impacted by clover. Above-ground biomass of berseem, Persian, and red clovers averaged 0.41 Mg / ha in late fall (16 kg N / ha), but crimson clover yielded 1.2 Mg / ha (33.3 kg N / ha). Clover grown with ‘Kratos’ yielded 69% of the dry matter and 73% of the aboveground nitrogen (per ha) compared to clover grown with ‘Cotton Candy’. The average C:N ratio of all treatments was 18.3. These results show that clover interseeded into pumpkins, especially crimson clover, can grow successfully without impact on pumpkins. High-vigor pumpkins can reduce clover yield, however.
Speakers
avatar for Charlie Rohwer

Charlie Rohwer

Scientist, University of Minnesota
Tuesday September 24, 2024 12:55pm - 1:05pm HST
Nautilus

1:00pm HST

GG 1 - Population Analysis of Wild-type Venezuelan Sabadilla
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Schoenocaulon officinale or sabadilla (Melianthiaceae) is endemic to the Americas with Mexico as the Center of Origin and Diversity. Sabadilla is a subtropical geophytic perennial, producing tunicate bulbs. It reproduces by seed and asexually (daughter bulbs), producing apetalous floral inflorescences. Flowering occurs >1.5 years from seed with annual flowering occurring up to eight years. Sabadilla seeds contain two insecticidally active lipophilic alkaloid compounds: veratridine and cevadine, in concentrations of 0.5-6.0%. These compounds are used as “green pesticides” with a mode of action that is similar to pyrethrins; attachment to sodium channels in insects, causing continuous overactivation. Sabadilla has been used by Native American cultures for thousands of years for its insecticidal properties and medicinal uses. However, about sabadilla, little is known about this species as a crop plant. The purpose of this research was to examine population differences of extant, wild collections in Venezuela. In 2019, seeds (24 subsample seed lots from sympatric plants, bulked by site) were collected from seven locations in The Ávila National Park and the vicinity of Colonia Tovar across three different states (Vargas, Miranda, Aragua). Seed lots were germinated to determine % germination and genetic variation. Dried leaf samples (n=333 genotypes) were used for DNA extraction for genotype by sequencing (GBS) for low-density single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) marker generation (DArT-seq). Genetic variation within and among populations was determined using principle component, Admixture, AMOVA, and IBS analyses (RStudio).
Speakers Co-authors
AR

Albert Radloff

University of Minnesota
NA

Neil Anderson

University of Minnesota
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
South Pacific 2

1:00pm HST

O/LT 1 - Field Performance of Penstemon Species under Deficit Irrigation
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Water-efficient landscaping can reduce water consumption without compromising the aesthetical appearance of urban landscapes. Penstemon, with more than 250 species available in a spectrum of colors, is a popular choice in xeriscape designs and water-wise gardening due to its ability to thrive in dry conditions while providing attractive visual appeal. However, limited field trials have explored the responses of penstemon under deficit irrigation. This study, conducted at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station’s Greenville Research Farm, North Logan, UT, USA, from 30 Jun to 31 Oct 2023, was to investigate the overall appearance and canopy temperature responses of three penstemon species: Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth ‘Novapenblu’ (Rock CandyTM blue penstemon), Penstemon pinifolius (pineleaf beardtongue), and Penstemon strictus (rocky mountain beardtongue), under three irrigation frequencies. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was utilized to control irrigation frequencies. Eight plants of each penstemon species were randomly assigned to one of three deficit irrigation treatments, calculated based on 80% ETo (high), 50% ETo (moderate), and 20% ETo (low). A monthly evaluation of overall appearance was conducted. Top-view infrared images of plant canopies, from which canopy temperature can be calculated, were captured using a thermal camera. Results revealed that higher irrigation frequency led to better overall appearance, with some variability observed among species and months. Moreover, increased irrigation frequency correlated with lower canopy temperatures, displaying species-specific responses. Further observation is needed to compare the responses of P. strictus, P. pinifolius, and P. barbatus under field conditions.
Speakers
ZW

Zirui Wang

Utah State University
Co-authors
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Kahili

1:00pm HST

POM 1 - Effects of Temperature and Light on Sunburn, and Preventing the Sunburn Damage by Chemical Suppressants in ‘Fuyu’ Sweet Persimmons
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
As global warming progresses, sunburn damage in fruit production is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, there has not been much research on the patterns of sunburn occurrence and effective prevention measures for ‘Fuyu’ sweet persimmons. This pilot study explored the impact of strong light and high temperatures on sunburn occurrence in ‘Fuyu’ sweet persimmons, characterized the temporal pattern of sunburn development, and evaluated the efficacy of chemical suppressants in reducing damage. ‘Fuyu’ persimmons were harvested from an orchard in Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea, at 60 days (weak light intensity (WLI) conditions), 72 days (strong light intensity I (SLI-I) conditions), and 79 days (strong light intensity II (SLI-II) conditions) after full bloom. The harvested fruits were divided into five treatment groups: control (Distilled water), 2% Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNCs), 2% Sodium Alginate 300mM CaCl2 (AG), 6% Kaolin 0.1% Tween20 (K), and 2% Vapor Gard® (VG, transpiration inhibitor). Thermocouples were attached to each fruit to measure fruit surface temperature (FST) under the following conditions: WLI (using a chamber set to 200 µmol/m²/s light intensity) and SLI-I, -II (direct sunlight and temperature) conditions. When exposed to WLI conditions, the increase in fruit surface temperatures (FST) compared to air temperatures (AT) was minimal, and no sunburn was observed. Conversely, non-acclimated fruits exposed to SLI-I displayed extensive sunburn damage within a day. However, acclimated fruits under SLI-II revealed differences in sunburn. The kaolin treatment, which exhibited the lowest browning, also showed a significant reduction in FST. However, the carotenoid content was lower in the kaolin treatment compared to the control. To confirm the findings from controlled experiments, field trials were conducted for two years to evaluate the effectiveness of sunburn suppressants. In the first year, kaolin treatment reduced the severity of sunburn by half compared to other chemical suppressants. In the second year, 6% kaolin and a mixture of kaolin and carnauba wax were applied. Both kaolin and a kaolin-carnauba wax mixture effectively reduced sunburn to 30% of the control. These effective treatments decreased FST by up to 3.5℃, maintained high chlorophyll content, and augmented antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, the kaolin treatment combined with carnauba wax was identified as the most promising material for preventing sunburn damage in ‘Fuyu’ persimmons under these environmental circumstances.
Speakers
YS

YUNJI SHIN

Gyeongsang National University
NA
Co-authors
HS

HYUNSUK SHIN

Gyeongsang National University
PM

PANDIYAN MUTHURAMALINGAM

Gyeongsang National University
NA
YP

YEONJU PARK

Gyeongsang National University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Coral 2

1:00pm HST

UG 1 - The Effect of Mixing Artificial Seawater into Hydroponic Solution to Tomato Fruit Growth and Ion Contents
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
NaCl has been frequently used for applying salt stress to plants. However, in this study, we tested to use sea salt instead of NaCl for applying salt stress to tomato plants. Plants were grown under hydroponic conditions, mixing artificial seawater to nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer). To estimate strength of the stress treatment, we used EC (Electrical Conductivity) value to control it. Fifty-six seedings of two tomato varieties ('Momotaro York' and 'Saturn') were grown at deep flow technique in a greenhouse, and the stress treatments were applied 10 days after the first truss bloomed. In experiment 1, we designed 3 treatments (EC was set for 5.0, but the ratio of Liquid Fertilizer : Artificial Seawater were 5.0 : 0, 1.5 : 3.5 and 2.5 : 2.5, respectively). In experiment 2, we designed 3 treatments (EC for liquid fertilizer was set at 1.5, but the concentration of artificial seawater was different as Liquid Fertilizer : Artificial Seawater were 1.5 : 0, 1.5 : 3.0 and 1.5 : 6.0, respectively). Fruits were harvested at almost 90 days after blooming and fruit weights were measured. The contents of 5 cations and 3 anions in fruit were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), then we added all of the ions contents as total ion contents. As a result, fruit weight was not different significantly at experiment 1, but decreased when EC value was increased at experiment 2. In experiment 1, when the ratio for liquid fertilizer was increased, the total ion contents were increased, especially Na in treatment at (1.5 : 3.5) and Ca2 in treatment at (5.0 : 0) were increased. At experiment 2, total ion contents increased when the ratio of sea salt was increased. In conclusion, we estimated various strength of stress by EC value in this study. Then the different ratio of liquid fertilizer and artificial seawater caused different ion contents in tomato fruits. This result was similar for the two varieties.
Speakers
MB

Miyuki Baba

Meiji University
Co-authors
RE

Riko Endo

School of Agriculture, Meiji University
NA
TI

Takashi Ikeda

School of Agriculture, Meiji University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:00pm HST

VSF 1 - Effect of Planting Distance on PD Resistant Predominantly Vitis Vinifera Grape ‘502-20’ During the Years of Establishment
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Presently, Vitis vinifera grape production in Alabama and the southeastern U.S. is extremely limited due to Pierce’s disease (PD), caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) and vectored by insects from the family Cicadellidae. In 2019, UC Davis grape breeding program has released five PD resistant predominantly V. vinifera cultivars which can help sustain the vinifera grape cultivation in the region. Although these new cultivars are currently available, no V. vinifera grape production and management recommendations exist for Alabama conditions. An experimental vineyard was planted at the Chilton Research Extension Center, AL in 2017 to determine the effect of planting distance on vegetative growth and productivity of PD resistant, predominantly V. vinifera advanced selection ‘502-20’. The experiment utilizes a randomized complete block design consisting of three blocks with three vines per block. Vines were planted at an in-row distances of 1.8m, 2.1m and 2.4m and a between row distance of 3.7m and trained to a Watson system. Vine phenology, vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality characteristics data were recorded during the period of vine establishment (2019-2023). Our results suggest there was a significant treatment by year interaction effect on pruning weight with the lowest pruning weight of 0.8 kg/vine found for vines at an in-row spacing of 2.1m during 2021. Treatment by year interaction also resulted in the highest yield per vine (28.0 kg/vine) measured for vines planted at 2.4m in 2021. Planting distance of 2.4m resulted in a significant increase of the number of clusters per vine during 2021 and 2022 seasons, while no vine spacing effect was found to account for differences in cluster weight, berry mass, or total soluble solids (TSS). Current results indicate planting distance of 2.4m x 3.7m can increase the yield of ‘502-20’ during the years of vine establishment and contribute to sustainable production of PD resistant predominantly V. vinifera grapes in Alabama conditions. Further research will be conducted to expand current knowledge and assist in the development of management recommendations for the successful production of V. vinifera grapes in the region.
Speakers
EC

Elina Coneva

Dozier Endowed Professor and Extension Specialist, Auburn University
Co-authors
BC

Bernardo Chaves Cordoba

Auburn University
NA
EV

Edgar Vinson

Auburn University
NA
MR

Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez

Auburn University
NA
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
South Pacific 4

1:00pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP- Simulation-Based Nozzle Density Optimization for Maximized Efficacy of a Machine-Vision Weed Control System for Applications in Turfgrass Settings
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Targeted spray application technologies have the capacity to drastically reduce herbicide inputs but to be successful, performance of both machine vision (MV) based weed detection and actuator efficiency need to be optimized. This study assessed 1) the performance of spotted spurge recognition in ‘Latitude 36’ bermudagrass turf canopy using the You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) real-time multi-object detection algorithm, and 2) the impact of various nozzle densities on model efficiency and projected herbicide reduction under simulated conditions. The YOLOv3 model was trained and validated with a dataset of 1,191 images. The simulation design consisted of 4 grid matrix regimes (3 × 3, 6 × 6, 12 × 12, and 24 × 24) which would then correspond to 3, 6, 12, and 24 non-overlapping nozzles, respectively; covering a 50-cm wide band. Simulated efficiency testing was conducted using 50 images containing predictions (labels) generated with the trained YOLO model and, by applying each of the grid matrixes to individual images. The model resulted in prediction accuracy of a F1 Score of 0.62 precision of 0.65 and recall value of 0.60. Increased nozzle density (from 3 to 12) improved actuator precision and predicted herbicide-use efficiency with a reduction in false hits ratio from ~30% to 5%. The area required to ensure herbicide deposition to all spotted spurge detected within images was reduced to 18% resulting in ~80% herbicide savings compared to broadcast application. Slightly greater precision was predicted with 24 nozzles, but not statistically different from the 12-nozzle scenario. Using this turf/weed model as a basis, optimal actuator efficacy and herbicide savings would occur by increasing nozzle density from one to 12 nozzles with the context of a single band.
Speakers
PP

Pawel Petelewicz

University of Florida
Co-authors
AS

Arnold Scumann

University of Florida
NA
GM

Gregory MacDonald

University of Florida
NA
MS

Marco Schiavon

University of Florida
NB

Nathan Boyd

University of Florida
NA
QZ

Qiyu Zhou

North Carolina State university
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 1:10pm HST
Lehua Suite

1:00pm HST

International Horticulture Collaboration Session
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
A forum for discussion of potential collaborations with regards to international horticulture – i.e. International issues and networking, international consultants, international horticulture groups, etc.
Moderator
LZ

Lu Zhang

Oklahoma State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Coral 4 - ASHS Collaboration Center

1:00pm HST

Leadership Class III
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Leadership Class III will present the results of the class project survey.
Speakers
CS

Catherine Simpson

Texas Tech University
NA
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

Assistant Professor, University of Tennessee Knoxville
YS

Youping Sun

Dr. Sun is an Associate Professor of Landscape Horticulture whose research focuses on understanding the whole-plant response to water stress, with an emphasis on water conservation, and developing protocols to produce native plants. He is the principal investigator for the ‘Climate... Read More →
CJ

Claude Judith Jean

University of Florida
avatar for Lorenzo Rossi

Lorenzo Rossi

Associate Professor, University of Florida
Dr. Rossi’s research program focuses on improving root health and growth on cultivated crops, leading to the development of environmentally sound and effective management methods. He is a horticulturist with specific expertise related to plant stress physiology, root dynamics and... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

1:00pm HST

Plant Nutrient Management Interest Group Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Plant Nutrient Management Interest Group
The purpose of this meeting is to align the ASHS mission to develop nutrient management strategies for horticultural field and controlled environment-grown plants, (1) to maximize plant productivity, and (2) to reduce environmental footprints by restricting nutrient loss where it can impact greenhouse gas emissions and water quality.
Moderator
avatar for Vijay Joshi

Vijay Joshi

Associate Professor, Texas A&M University System
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 4

1:00pm HST

Public Horticulture Interest Group Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Speakers
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:00pm - 2:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 3

1:05pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - 1-Methylcyclopropene from differing sources: Impact on ‘Red Delicious’ apple during cold storage
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:05pm - 1:15pm HST
Ethylene affects the postharvest quality and storage life by affecting the physiological changes related to ripening in apple fruits. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a cyclopropane-derived compound, is an effective ethylene inhibitor that blocks ethylene receptors at the cellular level, preventing ethylene effects and delaying its production. Several commercial products are available that provide controlled release of 1-MCP. In this study, a new 1-MCP technology was used, which uses a polymer sheeting material coated with cyclodextrin-encapsulated 1-MCP that is released when exposed to high humidity. Red Delicious apples were commercially harvested in Elbridge, Michigan, and 1-MCP sheets were applied targeting different 1-MCP concentrations (50, 100, 1000, 4000 ppb) and were placed on top of the fruit held in vented cardboard apple boxes in an open room. Another commercial 1-MCP product, Easyfresh®, powder (EF), (Fine Americas, Walnut Creek, CA) was applied at multiple dosages (0, 5, 50, 100, 1000 ppb) to fruit in cardboard apple boxes within sealed chambers as controls. Treated and untreated apples were stored in a cold room at 0 °C temperature and >90% relative humidity. We examined changes in ethylene production, respiration rate, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, weight loss, and superficial scald during 7 months cold storage. The EF treatment was more effective than the 1-MCP sheet treatment for a given target concentration. The effect of 4000 ppb 1-MCP sheet was similar to the 50 ppb EF for the first 3 months of cold storage. The lack of effectiveness of the 1-MCP from sheet was likely due to escape of the 1-MCP from the apple box and off-target sorption by the cardboard.  EF 100 and 1000 ppb concentrations resulted in the lowest ethylene production, respiration rate, weight loss, and superficial scald values in the overall study for 6 months. These concentrations were also influential in preserving firmness, brix, and titratable acidity values. 1-MCP sheet efficacy could be improved by raising the dosage target or changing the architecture and the materials of the boxes in which treatment occurred.
Speakers
OH

Ozge Horzum

Ankara University
NA
Co-authors
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:05pm - 1:15pm HST
South Pacific 1

1:05pm HST

VCM 1 - Protecting New Mexico’s Chile Crops from Curly Top Virus through Agrivoltaics
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:05pm - 1:15pm HST
Chile (Capsicum annuum) consumption and production have been integral to New Mexican culture for over four centuries, and the state is the leading producer of chile (non-bell peppers) in the United States. Chile farmers face adverse conditions due to climate change, water scarcity and disease control. One of the most prevalent chile diseases in NM is Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV; Curtovirus). BCTV causes chlorotic curled leaves, stunted growth, abnormal or minimal fruit production, and a potentially substantial yield reduction. BCTV is transmitted by beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus), insects that prefer feeding in areas exposed to full sun. Agrivoltaic systems (AVS), the co-location of solar panels in agricultural fields, increases field shade. Advantages of AVS have been examined, but its potential role as a deterrent for pests remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of AVS shade on chile yields, beat leafhopper abundance, and BCTV incidence. On 16 May 2023 ‘NuMex Odyssey’, a New Mexico pod-type green chile was transplanted into four solar panel plots and a full sun control at the New Mexico State University Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center, Las Cruces, NM. Plots shaded by solar panels had an average of 15% less light radiation compared to the full sun control. Fruit was harvested on 21 Aug 2023 and sorted into marketable green, blossom end-rot affected, and curly top affected fruit. Preliminary results show that marketable green and blossom end-rot affected fruit yields did not differ between solar panel shaded and the full sun control plots. BCTV affected fruit yield was significantly greater in the full sun control, which also had 55% more trapped beet leafhoppers than the solar panel plots. Initial results show potential for AVS as a method to mitigate the adverse effects on chile yield caused by BCTV. In addition to alleviating crop stress, AVS has the potential to deter beet leaf hoppers while generating electricity, a potential extra revenue for the farmer.
Speakers
ME

Mariela Estrada

New Mexico State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:05pm - 1:15pm HST
Nautilus

1:10pm HST

O/LT 1 - Responses of Three Ornamental Species to Saline Water Irrigation
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Water scarcity is a pressing issue in Utah and the Intermountain West, leading to a growing interest in exploring alternative water sources for landscape irrigation. However, alternative water often contains elevated levels of salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), which can negatively impact plant growth and appearance. This study investigated the effect of saline solutions on the aesthetic value, growth, and stomatal conductance of three ornamental species: Hibiscus syriacus ‘JWNWOOD4’ (Pink Chiffon® rose of sharon), Viburnum carlesii ‘Spiro’ (koreanspice viburnum), and Vitex agnus-castus ‘SWVACSD’ (lilac chastetree). Plants were irrigated weekly with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.9 dS·m-1 and saline solutions at 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m-1 for eight weeks. Visual quality was rated weekly using a reference scale ranging from 0 to 5 (0 = dead, 5 = excellent without foliar salt damage). Half of the plants per treatment per species were destructively harvested on 16 Aug (first harvest), and the remaining plants on 4 Sep (second harvest). Plant growth parameters and stomatal conductance were recorded at harvests. Foliar salt damage, such as leaf discoloration and necrosis, was prominently observed in plants, particularly in Viburnum carlesii subjected to elevated EC irrigation. Higher stomatal conductance was consistently observed in all plants irrigated with nutrient solution compared to those under saline irrigation. Interestingly, the salinity treatment did not significantly affect the growth of Vitex agnus-castus, indicating its high salt-tolerance. Notably, Viburnum carlesii displayed higher sensitivity to salinity stress compared to the other two ornamental species. These findings highlight significant variations in responses among the ornamental plant species under saline irrigation at varying EC levels, emphasizing the necessity of employing appropriate alternative water usage strategies.
Speakers
ZW

Zirui Wang

Utah State University
Co-authors
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Kahili

1:10pm HST

POM 1 - Crown Gall Associated with Higher Risk of New Butt Rot Pathogen in California Almond Orchards
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
The wood decay fungus, Ganoderma adspersum, with no prior record in North America has emerged as a pathogen of almond in the San Joaquin Valley within the past decade. Incidence of the disease appears highest in orchards on ‘Nemaguard’ rootstock with high levels of crown gall, a bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The putative association of G. adspersum with crown gall has been hypothesized, but not formally evaluated in the field. In February 2024, over 6,000 trees were surveyed across two orchards and rated for incidence of each disease. Both orchards were on ‘Nemaguard’ rootstock and included ‘Nonpareil,’ ‘Monterey,’ and ‘Fritz’ varieties. Results of Chi-square test for binomial ratings of two categorical variables indicate a significant association between G. adspersum and crown gall infection on all varieties in both orchards. Furthermore, when the variables were fitted using the generalized linear mixed model, infection with G. adspersum (independent variable) was found to have a significant effect on the association (response variable) for ‘Nonpareil’ variety at one site. For each unit increase in the incidence of crown gall, the probability of infection with G. adspersum increased by more than 1×109 fold on ‘Fritz’ and ‘Monterey’ at both sites, and ‘Nonpareil’ at one site, and by more than 87-fold on ‘Nonpareil’ at the second site. The results support the hypothesis that crown gall predisposes almonds to infection by G. adspersum. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism by which crown gall infection predisposes almond to G. adspersum with the long-term goal of improving the economic lifespan of California almond orchards.
Speakers
avatar for Raymond Mireles

Raymond Mireles

University of California Cooperative Extension
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Coral 2

1:10pm HST

UG 1 - Detection of Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses using Vis/NIR Spectroscopy
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Visible and Near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy is widely used to analyze plant physiological state and chemical properties non-destructively and rapidly. Recently, Vis/NIR spectroscopy has been used to analyze and estimate the photosynthesis capacity, water content, and soluble solids content (SSC) in various horticultural crops such as fruits and vegetables. Cut roses are often sensitive to water stress under unfavorable conditions during storage and transportation. Water stress of cut flowers generally leads to premature wilting of leaves and petals, thus decreasing the vase life of cut flowers. In this study, we measured the water content and SSC and evaluated the postharvest quality of cut roses using Vis/NIR spectroscopy to screen the quality of cut rose flowers for promoting exportation. Cut roses underwent either wet transport (WT), dry transport (DT), or dry and sucrose treatment, to identify the characteristics of reflectance wavelengths (RW) closely correlated with water content of cut flowers based on Vis/NIR data. Our results showed that dry treatment reduced the vase life and maintenance of positive water balance (PWB) and initial fresh weight of cut roses. Sucrose treatment exhibited a longer duration of retaining PWB and increased SSC in the petals and leaves of cut rose flowers. WT resulted in cut roses with a longer vase life of 1.4 d, compared to DT. DT treatment also decreased the capacity of the cut flowers to maintain PWB by 0.7 d compared to WT. Our results also showed that the Vis/NIR reflectance of the rose petals in the wavelength range 620-720 nm differed among treatments. In particular, the water balance of cut roses showed a positive correlation with RW735 nm and a negative correlation with RW680/RW(620 720) nm, while the SSC of cut roses was positively correlated with RW680/RW(620 720) nm. These results imply that it is possible to evaluate and screen the postharvest quality of rose flowers based on the water relation of cut flowers using Vis/NIR spectroscopy data.
Speakers
ZL

지영 함

안동 국립 대학교
Co-authors
BI

ByungChun In

Andong National University
NA
ST

Suong Tuyet Thi Ha

Andong National University
NA
YK

yongtae kim

Andong National University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:10pm HST

VSF 1 - Genetics of Adventitious Root Formation in Dormant Bud Cuttings of Grapevines
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Grapevine propagation depends on the formation of adventitious root formation. Vitis riparia and V. rupestris, two native species of North America, serve as the progenitors for the majority of commercially available rootstocks, especially due to their resistance to Phylloxera and ease of propagation. Despite the presence of at least 20 other native Vitis species in North America, many possessing strong resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses, their utilization has been limited by either poor rooting capabilities or insufficient understanding of their rooting potential. This study aims to achieve two main objectives. Firstly, to assess the rooting capabilities of 208 accessions across 20 different species through a dual approach combining traditional evaluation methods with AI-enhanced image analysis. Secondly, to pinpoint the genomic regions linked to rooting ability via a genome-wide association study, which will aid breeding efforts through marker-assisted selection. Preliminary analyses indicate that rooting capability is not solely species-dependent, as there is considerable variation in performance among accessions within the same species. Ultimately, this research will facilitate the development of new, better-adapted rootstocks, which will be crucial in the face of climate change and the increasing prevalence of biotic stresses.
Speakers
SS

Sadikshya Sharma

University of California Davis
I am a PhD candidate working on grape breeding and genomics at the University of California Davis. I am working on developing high-throughput phenotypic and genomic tools for salt and drought tolerance in grapes.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
South Pacific 4

1:10pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Implementing Digital Multispectral 3D Scanning Technology for Rapid Assessment of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Weed Competitive Traits
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
The economic significance of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a source of grain, fiber, and flower is rising steadily. However, due to the lack of registered herbicides, hemp growers have limited weed management options. Slow-growing hemp varieties can be outcompeted by weeds for sunlight, water, and nutrients. Hence, easily adoptable integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are essential. Addressing these challenges necessitates novel approaches to identify quantitative phenotypes and explain the genetic basis of key weed-competitive traits. Plant height and canopy architecture may affect crop-weed competition. However, manually measuring these parameters is a time-consuming process. The PlantEye (PE) multispectral 3D scanner was selected as the high-throughput digital phenotyping technology for the evaluation of plant architecture. In this study, the suitability of digital phenotyping was evaluated at the Clemson University Coastal Research and Education Center to screen diverse hemp varieties with different plant habits. Digital plant biomass, plant height, and plant 3D-leaf area (including leaf area index, leaf angle, and light penetration) were periodically monitored. We performed a range of validation tests for morphological features (digital biomass and plant height). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between digital biomass and manually measured biomass (R = 0.89), as well as between digital height and manually measured height (R = 0.94), indicating the high precision and usefulness of 3D multispectral scanning in measuring morphological traits. Multispectral analyses used in this study are non-destructive, rapid techniques with minimal error and human interference, which have great potential for use in planning weed management.
Speakers
TC

Tyler Campbell

Technician, Clemson University
Co-authors
GS

Gursewak Singh

Clemson University
KG

Karla Gage

Southern Illinois University
NA
LS

Lynn Sosnoskie

Cornell University
NA
MF

Michael Flessner

Virginia Tech Univ
NA
PW

Philip Wadl

USDA-ARS
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:10pm - 1:20pm HST
Lehua Suite

1:15pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Effects of Seed Sanitizing Treatments on Germination, Shoot Growth and Mineral Nutrient Composition of Four Microgreen Species
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:15pm - 1:25pm HST
Microgreens are an emerging functional food that is sought after due to dense nutrient compositions as well as vibrant colors and textures. Seed contamination is one of the major food safety concerns as microgreens are consumed raw. Plant pathogenic diseases are also a concern as these can cause a reduction in the growth and quality of the crop. Seed sanitation methods should effectively reduce microbial load with minimal adverse effects on seed germination. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four seed sanitizing treatments on germination, shoot production and mineral nutrient concentrations of four microgreen species including chive (Allium schoenoprasum), shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), scallion (Allium fistulosum) and dill (Anethum graveolens). Microgreen seeds were subject to four sanitizing treatments including: Tsunami 100 (400 ppm, 5 min), hydrogen peroxide (3%, 5 min), vinegar (1%, 15 min), and hot water (85°C, 10 sec). Seeds which were treated with deionized water for 10 min were considered to be the control. The microgreens were grown in a greenhouse and were planted into a peat-based substrate and a jute fiber mat in January 2024. Prior to greenhouse production, a germination test was conducted to investigate germination percentage of seeds for each species in response to the four sanitizing treatments or control. Microgreens were assessed for germination, shoot coverage, shoot height, fresh and dry shoot weight, and mineral nutrient concentrations. There was a significant interaction between microgreen species and the sanitizing treatment on fresh and dry shoot weight. The lowest fresh shoot weight for the three species chive, scallion and shiso was 938.2 g·m-2, 976 g·m-2, 907.8 g·m-2, respectively when treated with hot water, with the other three sanitizing treatments and control resulting in statistically similar fresh shoot weights. Dill microgreens showed little difference in fresh shoot weight among the five sanitizing treatments with values ranging from 506.4 g·m-2 in hot water to 868.2 g·m-2 in control. Sanitizing treatment and substrate type both had a significant effect on the shoot height of tested microgreens. Hot water treated microgreens produced the shortest shoots with a mean shoot height of 7.7 cm regardless of species or substrate type. The other four sanitizing treatments produced statistically similar shoot heights ranging from 8.01 cm with vinegar to 8.1 cm with Tsunami 100. The peat substrate increased overall shoot length in tested microgreens compared with jute fiber mats regardless of sanitizing treatment or species.
Speakers
JA

Jacob Arthur

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
GB

Guihong Bi

Mississippi State University
SW

Shecoya White

Mississippi State University
NA
TL

Tongyin Li

Mississippi State University
NA
ZC

Zonia Carvajal

Mississippi State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:15pm - 1:25pm HST
South Pacific 1

1:15pm HST

VCM 1 - Integrating High-resolution Satellite Imagery to Monitor Crop Growth and Yield: A Case Study of Japanese Squash and Onio
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:15pm - 1:25pm HST
Accurate monitoring of crop growth and estimations of yield are essential for optimizing agricultural practices and ensuring food security. Traditional approaches to monitor crop and map yield in vegetable crops often rely on ground-based observations, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Remote sensing techniques offer a promising alternative by providing frequent and spatially extensive information on crop health and vigor. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of using high-resolution satellite imagery to monitor crop growth and predict yield in Japanese squash (Cucurbita maxima) and onion varieties (Allium cepa) in Hollister, California, over the growing seasons of 2022 and 2023. Daily imagery from PlanetScope with a resolution of 3 m and on-demand 0.5 m imagery from Planet SkySat were utilized. Vegetation indices including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were calculated at various times during the growing season. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the correlations between these indices and crop yield. The results indicate significant correlations between vegetation indices such as NDVI and SAVI and crop yield in Japanese squash and onion varieties. Higher vegetation index values were associated with increased crop yield, suggesting that these indices can serve as reliable indicators of crop health and vigor. The use of high-resolution satellite imagery allowed for timely and accurate monitoring of crop growth dynamics, facilitating informed decision-making for growers. This study describes the potential of high-resolution satellite imagery and vegetation indices for monitoring crop growth and predicting yield in Japanese squash and onion varieties. The importance of integrating remote sensing techniques into agricultural practices to improve crop management strategies and enhance productivity will be discussed in the presentation.
Speakers
ES

Elia Scudiero

University of California, Riverside
Co-authors
NL

Nan Li

Univeristy of California, Riverside
NA
TS

Todd Skaggs

USDA-ARS
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:15pm - 1:25pm HST
Nautilus

1:20pm HST

POM 1 - Assessment of Biomass and Carbon Storage of Satsuma Mandarin Trees in Jeju Island, Korea
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
In October 2020, the Republic of Korea set a landmark goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. However, the national greenhouse gas emission statistics did not account for carbon absorption by agricultural lands, including orchards, due to the absence of adequate calculation systems and data. Recognizing the significant role of photosynthesis in fruit trees like Citrus in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, this study aims to address this gap. We focused on developing allometric equations for estimating biomass and carbon stocks of citrus trees, particularly in orchards across Korea, with a case study on Jeju Island, a principal citrus cultivation area. Measurements of height, crown width, and the diameter of rootstock and trunks were conducted, observing an increase with tree age, though trunk diameter showed considerable variability. The study encompassed trees aged 5–45 years of the Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa), a major citrus cultivar cultivated in Korea. Components including leaves, branches, trunks, and roots were harvested, dissected, fresh weighed, and oven-dried to develop dry to fresh weight ratios for dry biomass calculation. Allometric equations with trunk diameter as the sole independent variable were formulated for the Satsuma Mandarin tree. Furthermore, the total carbon content for trees aged 5–45 years was assessed through direct and destructive harvesting, revealing a carbon content range of 44.13 to 46.85% across different tree organs, with root carbon content increasing with age. This comprehensive study provides crucial insights into the biomass and potential carbon fixation capabilities of citrus trees, contributing significantly towards the accuracy of national carbon stock estimations. This work was carried out with the support of the Research Program for the National Institute of Horticultural
Speakers
JP

Jeesoo Park

Researcher, Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
Co-authors
CW

Cheol Woo Choi

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
DH

Dong Hoon Lee

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
DY

Dong Yong Lee

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
SM

Suk Man Park

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
YP

YoSup Park

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
YE

Young Eel Moon

National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
Coral 2

1:20pm HST

UG 1 - Developing Utah’s Own Sap Drinks
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
Maple products, such as syrup, sap-based beverages, soft drinks, candies, and butters, are significant agricultural commodities in Canada and the northeastern United States. In recent years, syrup derived from various maple sources, including bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum), boxelder maple (Acer negundo), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), has been commercialized in the Intermountain West. However, producing one gallon of maple syrup requires approximately 40 gallons of sap and consumes substantial amounts of energy and time due to the need for extensive heating and evaporation. Utilizing sap as a drink can help conserve energy, expand the sap product market, and retain essential minerals with potential health benefits. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate beverages made from sap obtained from bigtooth maple, boxelder maple, and Norway maple. Sap samples were gathered from maple trees in Cache County, Utah, filtered through a food-grade filter, bottled in 12 oz glass containers, sealed, and then autoclaved at 121°C. Sugar concentration in both raw and autoclaved sap samples was determined utilizing a refractometer, while comprehensive mineral analyses were conducted by submitting samples to the Utah State University Analytical Laboratories. These drinks contain rich mineral nutrients, varying with plant species. A Utah’s Own designation will be applied to these drinks.
Speakers
CS

Catherine Sun

Sky View High School
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:20pm HST

VSF 1 - Evaluation of Cordon Training System in Blackberry Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
Commercial blackberry producers use various types of trellising systems to support the canes and prevent damage from wind and added fruit weight. The objective of this study was to determine the fruit yield and quality with a new training and pruning strategy (cordon system) in a T-trellis system. The 2022-23 growing season was the first year of a two-year study to evaluate the conventional winter pruning and training strategy against a modified “cordon” training system, with the Prime-Ark® Traveler cultivar, at the Hampton Roads AREC in Virginia Beach, VA. The study was set up as a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replicates. Each replicate had 3 plants. The conventional pruning and training strategy involved leaving 4 to 6 main canes along with their laterals per plant. The cordon system had 2 to 4 canes pruned to the height of each trellis wire allowing two laterals per cane to extend horizontally along the wire in both directions. The intent was to distribute the fruit weight along the wires, making harvest easier. New primocanes were trained to the wires in the same manner after spent floricanes are removed. All winter pruning was done between 10 and 20 March, 2023. Fertigation was done as per standard extension recommendations. Harvesting was done two to three times per week beginning 30 May and ending 28 August 2023. Fruit yield was collected by replicate and fruits were categorized as marketable Grade 1, Grade 2 or nonmarketable. The nonmarketable fruits were recorded as having white drupelet disorder, diseases, and insect or “other” damage. Fruit size, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH data were collected on ten Grade 1 berries per harvest week and data were averaged for the season. Statistical analysis was done with two-sample t-test at alpha =0.05. The conventional training and pruning strategy had an overall higher total, marketable and nonmarketable yield. Fruit size was slightly smaller in the cordon system and no differences in firmness, TSS or pH were observed.
Speakers
avatar for Jayesh Samtani

Jayesh Samtani

Associate Professor, Virginia Tech
Co-authors
EH

Enrique Hernandez

Virginia Cooperative Extension
NA
PR

Patricia Richardson

Virginia Tech, Hampton Roads AREC
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

1:20pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Evaluating Efficacy of Organic Herbicides on Common Weed Species
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
Managing weeds is one of the most significant challenges, especially in organic vegetable production systems. Farmers control weeds in various ways, many of which can have negative environmental impacts. Cultivation is a common way many organic vegetable growers will manage weeds; however, it leads to decreased soil health properties. Hand weeding is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. Conventional herbicides have raised public concern for their impact on human health and the environment. Organic herbicide products are used as a burndown, post-emergence product but can be cost-prohibitive. In addition, there is a lack of current research comparing organic herbicide effectiveness on a range of common weed species. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of five Organic Materials Review Institute-approved organic herbicides. These products included citrus oil (Avenger®), ammonium nonanoate (AXXE®), acetic acid (Green Gobbler®), caprylic acid capric acid (HomePlate®), and clove oil cinnamon oil (Weed Zap®). Water was used as a control, and glyphosate (Ranger Pro®) was used as a positive control. Each herbicide was tested on six common weed species: Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters), Portulaca oleracea (common purslane), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf). Products were sprayed according to label recommendations using a calibrated spray chamber at the Iowa State University greenhouses. Each weed species, 10 plants per replication, was sprayed after reaching an average height of seven centimeters. Percent weed cover using digital image analysis software (Turf Analyzer) and percent visual injury was recorded. These data parameters were collected 24 hours, 3 days, 10 days, 17 days, and 21 days following herbicide application. Weed biomass was collected and dried 21 days after herbicide application for all species. AXXE® was a fast-acting herbicide on common lambsquarters, common purslane, redroot pigweed, and velvetleaf. These species showed over 85% injury three days after AXXE® application. Weed Zap® stunted the majority of examined weed species soon after application, but the injury effects were less significant 21 days after application. Visual injury assessments showed Avenger®, Green Gobbler®, HomePlate®, and Weed Zap® had no significant injury on green foxtail and large crabgrass 21 days after herbicide application. Results from this study provide growers with practical and applied data to make informed decisions regarding the use of organic herbicides.
Speakers
avatar for Carly Strauser

Carly Strauser

Iowa State University
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:20pm - 1:30pm HST
Lehua Suite

1:25pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Towards Development of a Consumer-Preference Driven Digital Guide to Apple Fruit Cultivar Selection
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:25pm - 1:35pm HST
There are over 7,500 apple varieties grown worldwide, each with its own set of organoleptic characteristics such as flavor, texture, and appearance. However, no more than 150 varieties have been introduced broadly in the global market. Consumer preference for apples is influenced by a complex interplay of factors beyond taste. The sheer variety of apples available in the market creates a valuable opportunity for a digital app that can help consumers navigate and select the best options based on their quality trait preferences. This project, in cooperation with U.S. Apple Association, aims to ultimately develop a digital app that will recommend apple varieties based on consumer’s preferences regarding sweetness, sourness, juiciness, crispiness, flavor, color, texture, and nutrition content. Thus, we examined the relationship between various sensory and physico-chemical data to understand their significance in apple selection. Five cultivars of apples grown organically (‘Ambrosia’, ‘Cosmic Crisp’, ‘Gala’, “Sugar Bee®’, and ‘Sweet Tango’) were purchased from a retail store in Mid Atlantic area during the winter season. Thirty apples of each cultivar (n=30) were measured for volume, weight, height, width, specific density, surface area, circumference, fizziness and for skin color (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma). Firmness parameters and acoustic texture parameters were also measured. Additionally, total juice content, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity and pH were assessed. Consumer panels (n=45: female=22, male=23) were conducted to evaluate traits including sweetness, sourness, flavor, texture/mouth feel, and overall eating quality (OEQ) using a five-point scale. Consumers displayed a stronger preference for ‘Cosmic Crisp’ and ‘Sugar Bee®’ varieties compared to ‘Gala’ and ‘Ambrosia’. This preference is driven by significantly higher consumer ratings for firmness, sweetness, and sourness of ‘Cosmic Crisp’ and ‘Sugar Bee®’. As highlighted in previous studies, correlations between consumer-rated sensory scores and their corresponding instrumental measurements were low. Furthermore, OEQ showed a stronger correlation with sensory ratings (r=0.54-0.84 ) than instrumental measurements (r=0.02 to 0.49). This suggests that consumer evaluation is critical, and may be a more reliable indicator, for the development of a digital app, compared to instrumental measurements. An accompanying consumer survey (n=30) indicated that crispness is a key factor considered by consumers when choosing apples. This project provided valuable insights and potential issues when developing a user-friendly app for consumers. It identified the dominant factors influencing apple selection and showed methods to cross-validate sensory ratings with corresponding instrumental measurements.
Speakers
EP

Eunhee Park

USDA-ARS
NA
Co-authors
BZ

Bin Zhou

USDA-ARS
NA
CG

Christopher Gerlach

US Apple Association
NA
JF

Jorge Fonseca

USDA-ARS
NA
RO

Regina O'Brien

United States Department of Agriculture
NA
VG

Verneta Gaskins

USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
WJ

Wayne Jurick

USDA-ARS
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:25pm - 1:35pm HST
South Pacific 1

1:25pm HST

VCM 1 - A New Tool to Manage Water and Nutrients in High Tunnel Tomato Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:25pm - 1:35pm HST
Much of the tomato production on market farms in the northeastern United States utilizes high tunnels. Tunnels protect soils from rainfall, reducing leaching of nutrients. However, if nutrients are accumulating below the root zone in tunnel soils lateral flow could be moving the nutrients beyond the covered area, resulting in leaching. From July 2020 to October 2022 we monitored soil moisture, soil temperature, and mineralization and movement of nitrate and phosphate in high tunnel tomato production on five commercial market farms (2 in Connecticut and 3 in Rhode Island). We also tracked irrigation water and fertilizer applications. Activated mixed-bed resin capsules were buried at 30 cm depth in transects running across the width of each high tunnel and extending 1 m past the tunnel perimeter on each side. Resin capsules were exchanged in March, July and October of each year and analyzed for captured nitrate, ammonium and phosphate. Soil P in the tunnels ranged from 16 to 363 kg/ha and soil K from 207 to
Speakers Co-authors
JG

Josef Gorres

University of Vermont
NA
SG

Shuresh Ghimire

University of Connecticut
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:25pm - 1:35pm HST
Nautilus

1:29pm HST

Ornamental Plant Breeding (OPB)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:29pm - 2:00pm HST
Create Novel Interspecific Hybrids between Tuberous Begonia and B. semperflorens by Using Embryo Rescue Technique - Yen Ming Chen
Breeding the Unbreedable: Innovating the Generation of Sterile Triploid Lantana through Open-Pollinated Interploidy Crosses - Brooks Parrish
Tetraploid plants of Samanea (Albizia) saman on diploid roots grew similarly to mixoploid and diploid plants on diploid roots while tetraploid plants on tetraploid roots were inferior to triploid plants on triploid roots - Alberto Ricordi

Moderator
BP

Brooks Parrish

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:29pm - 2:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

1:30pm HST

OPB - Create Novel Interspecific Hybrids between Tuberous Begonia and B. semperflorens by Using Embryo Rescue Technique
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
Genus Begonia is prominent ornamental bedding and potted flower crop, encompassing types such as Rieger Begonia (Begonia × hiemalis), Tuberous Begonia (Begonia tuberhybrida), and B. semperflorens, which are extensively cultivated. Building upon the breeding methodology of Rieger Begonia, this study endeavors to utilize Tuberous Begonia as the maternal parent and integrate the attributes of B. semperflorens to develop innovative interspecific hybrid varieties. Interspecific hybridization was accomplished by using Tuberous Begonia 'Fortunate' as the female parent and B. semperflorens as pollen donor through embryo rescue techniques, resulting in successful interspecific offsprings. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the expected DNA content combination in the hybrids. Furthermore, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis confirmed the authenticity of the interspecific hybrids by exhibiting specific bands of both parents. The plant type, basal branching habit, and leaf shape of the hybrids resembled those of the male parent, B. semperflorens, while the double flower characteristic inherited from the female parent. Additionally, the hybrids exhibited year-round flowering without requiring photoperiod treatment and showed no apparent dormancy, rendering them suitable for continuous production. These hybrids are also exhibiting robust branching habits and possess distinctive plant traits compared to commercially available Rieger Begonias. They are particularly suited for cultivation in hot and humid regions. Evaluation of production and growth advantages indicated their capability for year-round supply and commercial production. Applications for Plant Variety Rights have been submitted for these hybrids in Taiwan.
Speakers
YM

YEN MING CHEN

National Chung Hsing University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
South Pacific 2

1:30pm HST

UG 1 - Effect Of Temperature Alterations On Phytochemicals Accumulation Among Two Variety Of Feverfew Cultivars
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
Feverfew, a member of the Asteraceae family, has a long history of traditional use for various health purposes, including anxiety and depression management, and alleviating arthritis and inflammation. Feverfew consists of a specific chemical compound named parathenolide which is a phytochemical naturally found in Tanacetum parthenium, which plays a significant role in being responsible for feverfew’s anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the effect of the temperature changes in parathenolide accumulation among two varieties Matricaria Tetra White and Matricaria Tetra Virgo Feverfews based on their genetic differences. Feverfew cultivars will be grown in a container containing potting mix which has enough nutrients for plant growth and development. The two varieties will be randomized with each variety receiving varying temperature differences (low, medium, and high). The accumulation for parathenolide will be analyzed using HPLC analysis to evaluate the accumulation of the phytochemical in each variety in response of the differences in temperatures. Among the phytochemicals of interested in this study include an understanding the effect of temperature on the accumulation and synthesis of the phytonutrients can highly assist scientists and health care professionals to increase and promote medicinal plants. Feverfew can benefit low-income communities like urban areas where majority of the community members are incapable to afford medication that can treat sickness such as anxiety and depression.
Speakers
avatar for Jalynn Greer

Jalynn Greer

Kentucky State University
I am interested in botany specializing in herbalism. My hobby is crocheting.
Co-authors
TN

THEONESTE NZARAMYIMANA

Kentucky State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:30pm HST

VSF 1 - Enhancing the Fruit Set of NJ BP1-1 Beach Plum (Prunus maritima)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
Wild plum, Prunus maritima, has a native habitat that ranges from coastal Virginia to Nova Scotia and is well known to be associated with beach communities with sandy soils. Recent trials by Rutgers, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station suggests beach plum has the potential to be grown throughout the state where higher clay content, fertile soils contribute to increased vegetative growth leading to a dense bush habit. Crop potential is abundant due to high natural bloom density. However fruit set has been challenging under traditional commercial growing systems, partly due to self-incompatibility. BP1-1 Jersey Jems cultivar was bred and selected by the Rutgers University Plant Breeding program for its high yield, large size and superior flavor in costal locations where there are diverse beach plum pollen clouds. In order to establish clonal orchards of this cultivar, a pollen parent must be identified. In this study, a total of 7 controlled test crosses were made in triplicate on BP 1-1. Fruit yields were collected from BP1-1 and top yielding crosses were noted. The purpose of this study is to find compatible pollen parents, ensuring quality and uniform yield to base future pollen parent recommendations in New Jersey commercial tree fruit orchards.
Speakers
avatar for Rebecca Magron

Rebecca Magron

Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Co-authors
MM

Megan Muehlbauer

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
PN

Peter Nitzsche

Rutgers NJAES Cooperative Extension
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
South Pacific 4

1:30pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Effect of Early and Late-post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Suppression, Crop Injury, and Biomass Yield of Industrial Hemp
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
Industrial hemp is receiving attention for its numerous benefits, particularly in the fiber industry. Weed competition is a primary concern for hemp cultivation causing reduced yields and inferior-quality fiber. However, little is known about herbicide application in hemp since a limited range of herbicides are available for hemp production. Therefore, a field study was conducted in 2023 to investigate the effect of different herbicides and application timings on weed suppression, crop injury, growth, and biomass yield of hemp. A randomized complete block design was conducted with six herbicide treatments including, early POST [2 weeks after planting (WAP)] and late POST (5 WAP) emergence applications of S-metolachlor, clopyralid, and ethalfluralin, with an untreated control to make comparisons. Plant stand showed no significant difference among treatments. Early POST herbicides application significantly reduced the weed biomass compared to untreated control at 7 WAP. By 10 WAP, weed biomass became comparable across treatments. At harvest, untreated control recorded comparatively higher weed biomass than early POST treatments and late POST ethalfluralin. Plant height remained non-significant among treatments until 10 WAP. At harvest, control showed no variation with late POST treatments but recorded an average 63% lower plant height than early POST applications. Treatments showed no significance for hemp biomass at 10 WAP. However, early POST S-metolachlor and ethalfluralin herbicides exhibited lower weed biomass and greater plant height, resulting in greater hemp biomass accumulation compared to untreated control at harvest. In conclusion, early POST S-metolachlor and ethalfluralin could be used as POSTemergence herbicides for hemp cultivation.
Speakers
RS

Rupinder Saini

Texas Tech University
Co-authors
CT

Calvin Trostle

Texas And M Agrilife
NA
JM

Jasleen Makkar

Texas Tech University
NA
PB

Preetaman Bajwa

Texas Tech University
NA
SS

Sukhbir Singh

Texas Tech University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:30pm - 1:40pm HST
Lehua Suite

1:35pm HST

PH 1/QUAL - Evaluating Fresh-cut Lettuce Quality via Image Analysis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:35pm - 1:45pm HST
Visual quality is an important factor for consumer purchasing decisions of fresh-cut lettuce. Consumer behavior towards produce quality has been studied via traditional human evaluations. For sensory studies, quality evaluations are commonly done by trained human panels and consumer panels. This study was to investigate the possibility of replacing human evaluation with a machine based approach, using image capturing and analysis, and determine whether efficiency of produce quality analysis can be enhanced. Three types of data were collected: (a) consumers’(n=200) evaluation of lettuce on the picture, (b) instrumental analysis of samples (package head-space gas composition (O2, CO2) and electrolyte leakage), (c) image analysis of lettuce on the pictures. For image analysis, ImagePro’s smart segment tool was used to classify the lettuce samples into five regions: adult leaf, baby leaf, rib, rib degradation, and leaf degradation. This was used to find and calculate L*a*b, hue angle, chroma values, area, and relative area of these regions. Lettuce samples consisted of four cultivars (Green Forest, King Henry, Parris Island Cos, PI 491224). Samples were measured on day 7, 10, and 13 of storage. To predict browning score, data sets (b) and (c) were fed into a regression algorithm. The scores assigned by trained panels served as the target variables. The results showed a strong correlation between consumer’s browning score on the pictures and predicted scores generated by the regression model (r=0.74). Interestingly, removing the instrumental data set (b) did not worsen the model’s performance. The model achieved an R2 of 0.92 and RASE of 8.90 when using trained data sets (a) and (c), and an R2 of 0.91 and RASE of 8.53 when using trained data set (c) only. While a correlation coefficient of 0.74 indicates a promising relationship between image analysis and human evaluation of browning score, it’s not sufficient to definitively replace human evaluation. Further studies with larger datasets and exploration of more advanced machine learning models could lead to a more robust statistical model.
Speakers
EP

Eunhee Park

USDA-ARS
NA
Co-authors
EE

Ella Evensen

USDA-ARS
NA
avatar for Ivan Simko

Ivan Simko

USDA-ARS
NA
JF

Jorge Fonseca

USDA-ARS
NA
YL

Yaguang Luo

USDA/ARS
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:35pm - 1:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

1:35pm HST

VCM 1 - Physiology of Heat Tolerant Tomatoes: Transplanting Through Harvest
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:35pm - 1:45pm HST
Consumers are motivated to purchase locally grown tomatoes for a maximum flavor experience. With this demand, tomatoes are highly valuable in the local food system and one of the most profitable crops for small, diversified farms. Tomato production in Oklahoma, and other warm climates, can be difficult with the fruit’s temperature requirements for fruit set. Optimum conditions are available for a short period in Oklahoma. The additional threat of climate change could present even more challenging growing conditions in the future. There are heat tolerant tomatoes available, but these cultivars still have an upper limit for stress exposure. Previous research shows that there are distinct physiological differences between heat tolerant and heat sensitive cultivars, but these evaluations focus primarily on the early stages of the plant’s development. We aim to investigate the differences in cultivars throughout the entire plant life cycle. A field experiment will include six cultivars at different planting dates, showing a range of responses. The three planting dates will impose different temperature regimes throughout plant development. Physiological measurements will be recorded at regular intervals from transplanting through harvest. These parameters will include chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, and electrolyte leakage. The results will assist with development of a model that enhances Oklahoma tomato production capacity through optimizing cultivar selection.
Speakers Co-authors
JM

Justin Moss

Oklahoma State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:35pm - 1:45pm HST
Nautilus

1:40pm HST

OPB - Breeding the Unbreedable: Innovating the Generation of Sterile Triploid Lantana through Open-Pollinated Interploidy Cros
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
This study presents a groundbreaking field breeding strategy for Lantana camara, a plant celebrated for its ornamental value yet criticized for its invasive tendencies. Traditional hand pollination techniques for lantana are labor-intensive, as each flower produces only one seed, making the generation of significant populations time-consuming. Although open pollination represents an alternative for seed production, the reliability of generating sterile triploids through interploidy crosses has been questionable. Addressing these challenges, this research innovatively employs open-pollinated breeding between diploid and tetraploid populations to efficiently produce sterile triploid cultivars. The method leverages male-sterile tetraploids for open pollination with female-sterile, male-fertile diploids, yielding 544 triploid seeds within five weeks and proving the effectiveness of interploidy hybridization. Moreover, diploid populations in an all-by-all cross setup produced over 2,000 seeds in the same period, eliminating the need for hand pollinations. Nonetheless, the development of tetraploid breeding lines encountered obstacles due to insufficient pollen transfer, likely resulting from low pollen production, although selfing within hybrid lines remained feasible in an open-pollinated field setting. These findings significantly advance the fields of ornamental breeding and invasive species management, providing fresh perspectives on the cultivation and control of Lantana camara. Demonstrating the capability to rapidly produce large volumes of sterile triploid lines with minimal labor, this study lays the groundwork for the broader availability of non-invasive Lantana camara alternatives in the future.
Speakers
BP

Brooks Parrish

University of Florida
Co-authors
ZD

Zhanao Deng

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
South Pacific 2

1:40pm HST

UG 1 - Increased Airflow Improves Yields of High Density Indoor Micro Dwarf Tomato
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
Indoor agriculture production allows producers to control all of the environmental parameters given a system with enough sophistication. However, the expense of comprehensive systems is prohibitive from an economic standpoint, in most cases. Identifying the most important parts of the plant environmental experience to control is a critical part of building efficient and economical indoor farms. In this study with temperature, nutrition, lighting and other aspects of the farm being controlled, airflow was manipulated. Micro dwarf cherry tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Tiny Tim’ and ‘Pinocchio Orange’) were grown in an NFT style hydroponic systems for 90 days. All plants were grown in a greenhouse with natural and supplemental lighting. Control plants received airflow native to the greenhouse environment, mixing fans, ridge line vents and pad fan based HVAC control. The treated plants experienced a “high air flow” condition. The results indicate a clear improvement in the fruit weight, number of fruit per plant, and fruit diameter for plants which experienced increased airflow. These results, while preliminary, demonstrate the clear advantage of additional airflow targets for indoor plant production and provide the basis for an important indoor production lever to improve yields in micro dwarf cherry tomatoes.
Speakers
MA

Matthew Arrington

Assistant Professor, Brigham Young University
Dr. Matt Arrington is an assistant professor of applied plant science at Brigham Young University. Matt graduated with his PhD in horticulture from Washington State University and Masters degree from Oregon State University. His areas of research focus include crop efficiency in controlled... Read More →
Co-authors
NG

Nathan Grooms

Brigham Young University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:40pm HST

WCPM 1/HEMP - Growing Field Hemp in Louisiana, a second attempt.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
Field production hemp trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana without success. In both seasons, the hemp was planted in spring and harvested in early summer. Over 50% of the plants dies from disease and or initial root rot because of excessive rain and wet soils. Faculty at the LSU AgCenter were successful in growing hemp in 2021 in greenhouse settings but realize not all growers can afford such structures. Therefore, field trails were established in the fall 2023 (October) and early spring (January and February 2024) planting dates. Day length neutral hemp was planted. The off-season trials were planted in attempt to field produce hemp during cooler and drier weather to prevent plant loss from disease. Unfortunately, the field plantings in October 2023, January and February 2024 yielded small plants with little harvestable flowers. At this time, we do not recommend field planting hemp in south Louisiana.
Speakers
KF

Kathryn Fontenot

LSU AgCenter
Co-authors
AH

Alessandro Holzapfel

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center
GL

Gabriel LoCoco

LSU AgCenter
NA
HK

Heather Kirk Ballard

SPESS
Heather Kirk-Ballard is an Assistant Professor and state extension specialist of Consumer Horticulture for the LSU AgCenter. She is the host of the Get It Growing ™ extension program focusing on home gardening that is disseminated weekly through video to news stations and in print... Read More →
RL

Reeve Legendre

LSU AgCenter
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:40pm - 1:50pm HST
Lehua Suite

1:44pm HST

Vegetable Crops Management 1 (VCM 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:44pm - 3:45pm HST
Nutsedge Management Through Soil Steaming - Shaun Broderick 
Early Season Soil Tarping Impacts on Weed Pressure and Onion Production in Eastern South Dakota - Hannah Voye 
Associations Among Crop/Weed Management Practices and Environmental Factors Highlight Challenges Facing U.S. Snap Bean Production  - Martin Williams 
Impact of Early Season Tarping on Soil Conditions and Weed Populations in North Central United States Vegetable Production Systems - Carly Strauser
Applying Advanced Lighting Practices for Vegetable Propagation - Rose Seguin
Evaluating the Effect of Three Algae Extracts Application on Three Crops Growth and Yield in Hawaii - Amjad Ahmad
Using the Feekes Growth Stage Scale to Predict the Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio of Cereal Cover Crops - Eric Brennan
Evaluating the effect of fertilization and controlled-water deficit on growth and yield of compact vegetable plants - Michael Fidler
Moderator
SB

Shaun Broderick

Associate Research & Extension Professor, Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:44pm - 3:45pm HST
Kahili

1:45pm HST

VCM 1 - Nutsedge Management Through Soil Steaming
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:45pm - 2:00pm HST
Soils host weeds, pathogens, and insects that can cause crop damage and reduce yield. Many methods have been developed to reduce these pressures within the soil, including soil solarization, chemigation, anaerobic soil disinfestation, and soil steaming. We have utilized soil steaming to reduce weed seeds and soil infestation in high tunnel and field tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. While it successfully reduces most weed species and southern blight (caused by Athelia rolfsii) in tomatoes, the emergence of nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) in soils with established populations can increase after steaming. Our research goal was to evaluate the efficacy of various soil preparation methods prior to steaming to allow the steam to penetrate the soil and target nutsedge directly. Except where noted, the field was first chisel plowed, disced, and then shaped into 2-foot-wide by 6-inch-tall beds. We compared 8 preparation methods for controlling nutsedge: a no-till control, herbicide control using S-metolachlor and halosulfuron-methyl, 6-inch-tall bed size, 12-inch-tall bed size, chisel plowed row, black plastic mulch, 4-inch-deep trenches on no-till, and 6-inch-deep trenches on no-till. Four trenches were cut into the soil with a soil trencher for each plot. Four replicates were included in a completely randomized design. Half of each bed was steamed until temperatures reached 160 °F, 4 inches deep, except for the herbicide beds and mulched beds, which were left unsteamed. Four sets of temperature probes were placed 12, 8, 6, and 4 inches deep in the soil and temperatures and used to monitor temperature changes in steam soils over time. Nutsedge coverage was visually estimated by placing a 1 by 6-foot rectangular PVC frame in each row over a representative section. 12-inch-tall beds had nearly 100% nutsedge coverage, while 6-inch-tall beds had nearly 50%. Herbicides reduced nutsedge coverage to 29%, and the plastic mulch reduced coverage to 8%. The steamed no-till, 4-inch trench, 6-inch trench, and chisel-plowed beds had no nutsedge emergence through the trial. The 6-inch-tall beds had lower temperatures at 6 and 8 inches deep than the other methods, which could account for the observed increases in nutsedge emergence post steaming. The time-consuming nature of soil trenching would make it impractical for most horticultural production settings; however, the chisel plow and no-till could be readily adopted. Determining effective methods to prepare the fields for soil steaming to reduce or eliminate nutsedge will make soil steaming a more viable method for organic farmers facing nutsedge pressures.
Speakers
SB

Shaun Broderick

Associate Research & Extension Professor, Mississippi State University
Co-authors
CC

Christine Coker

Mississippi State University
TM

Te Ming Tseng

Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:45pm - 2:00pm HST
Kahili

1:45pm HST

Workshop: Mediating Tropical Plant Pathology Challenges Across a Range of Crops and Diseases in Hawaii
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:45pm - 3:45pm HST
Tropical crops have a tremendous impact on global food systems and are well represented in Hawaii. There are many different diseases (bacterial/viral/fungal) that can impact yields. In this session, we invite an audience from a broad pool of research interests and backgrounds to attend and learn about a range of food and forestry crops that are important in Hawaii, including papaya, sweetpotato, the native koa tree and banana and the production systems unique to these crops. The wide range of crops from tuber, to fruit, to forestry has led to a variety of challenges that have attracted less attention compared to pathology problems associated with temperate crops. Short topic presentations in these areas will begiven by and from the perspective of university, non-profit institution, and USDA ARS researchers and a local commercial grower followed by discussions between speakers and individual break out groups consisting of workshop attendees. Attendees will have the opportunity to sample a few varieties of tropic fruit crops and view items made from koa. Through these talks and interactive discussions, we aim to convey the scope of tropical diseases that occur, successful strategies to overcome them given different crop-specific constraints and highlight their relevance to research on emerging problems impacting agriculture in temperate and other regions due to climate and environmental changes.
Coordinator(s)

Dr. Jon Suzuki, USDA ARS DKI U.S. PBARC, Hilo, HI, United States
Dr. Michael Kantar, Associate Professor, Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa,, Honolulu, United States

Participants:

Dr. Nathan Fumia (HARC - Hawaii Agricultural Research Center) – Understanding the role of selection on fungal disease tolerance in Acacia koa, an endemic Hawaiian hardwood (8 minutes).
A common occurrence during neo-domestication is the interplay of traits such as seedling vigor and disease resistance. The focus of this study is the effect of crossing on a wild species being selected for a domesticated form, including decisions such as number of parents, number of crosses, and number of progeny. Our aim is to begin breeding scheme development for wild species (neo-domestication) using Acacia koa as a novel study system. Breeding population size was changed in the koa orchard through thinning of individuals, a form of pollen control in the population, with the major criterion being a low durability of resistance where trees succumb to disease over time, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. This is an opportunity for insight during the development of expectations in population improvement through augmented crossing parameters, informing situational changes through breeding cycles in neo-domestication programs.
Dr. Anna McCormick (University of Hawaii at Manoa) – Examining viral presence in collections of Hawaiian heirloom sweetpotato varieties (8 minutes).
Sweetpotato has been a staple crop in the Hawaiian Islands since Polynesians settled the islands ~1,200 years ago. Previous work has established that Hawaiian Heirloom sweet potato varieties represent unique germplasm that are more closely related to each other than varieties from other parts of the world. While much work has been done characterizing Hawaiian heirloom plant genetics, much less work has been done characterizing viral genetic presence and diversity. In this study we explored viral presence across an extant collection of 70 Hawaiian heirloom varieties sourced from five different botanical collections over three Islands (O’ahu, Maui and Big Island Hawai’i). Samples were examined for the presence of four viruses from the family Potyviridae namely; Sweet potato virus G (SPVG), Sweet potato virus C (SPVC), Sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), and one from the family Geminiviridae; Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV). We found high levels of virus across all collections, including many instances of double and triple infections. These findings have large implications for conservation and local fresh markets.
Dr. Lorin Harvey (Mississippi State University) – Research and discovery of best practices for U.S. sweetpotato clean foundation seed (CFS) programs. (8 minutes)
Sweetpotato is an important crop for the U.S. and worldwide. Infection by viruses which accumulate over time in this and numerous other major perennial crops cause major yield losses annually. The problems in sweet potato are being addressed through Sweetpotato CleanSEED, a multi-state, transdisciplinary funded research project funded by a USDA-NIFA-SCRI grant to develop strategies that improve sweetpotato crop health and yield through developing quality control standards for producing clean foundation seed, improved detection methods, identification of undiscovered viral diseases, and development of cultural practices for efficient clean foundation seed production in both the laboratory and greenhouse to reduce disease transmission in this clonally propagated crop.
Ryan Domingo (USDA ARS U.S Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center) - Identifying Carica papaya cultivars demonstrating increased partial resistance towards Phytophthora palmivora utilizing a novel rapid phenotyping assay. (8 minutes)
Extensive production loss and mortality of Carica papaya is associated with Phytophthora palmivora in Hawaii and other papaya growing regions of the world. Currently there is no commercial papaya cultivar fully resistant against P. palmivora, however it is important to identify those that contain partial resistance reducing pathogen proliferation. This talk will explore a novel rapid phenotyping assay quantifying P. palmivora growth along papaya seedling stems comparing several genotypes within the USDA germplasm collection. Implications resulting from this study provides farmers, breeders and other stakeholders insight towards cultivars displaying increased partial tolerance towards P. palmivora.
Gabriel Sachter-Smith (Hawaii Banana Source) - Maintaining commercial vitality of the banana industry through germplasm resources and strategies to mitigate disease (8 minutes).
Bananas have been grown in Hawaii since the first waves of Pacific Islander migrations starting over 1000 years ago. Today, bananas represent one of the most widely consumed fresh produce items in Hawaii, despite a steady downward trend in local production since the introduction of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) in 1989. To date, no commercially viable cultivar with strong resistance to BBTV has been identified or created, and various ways to combat the virus used in other parts of the world have proved challenging to apply in Hawaii. However, the pressure of the virus and overall impact on a farm can be mitigated using a combination of cultural practices and semi-tolerant cultivars. Through the use of frequent crop rotations, on-farm generated clean plant systems, and working with buyers to adapt alternative varieties to new markets, banana production can be maintained and improved in Hawaii.
Moderator
MK

Michael Kantar

Associate Professor, Dept. of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii
JS

Jon Suzuki

USDA ARS DKI U.S. PBARC
Speakers
avatar for Nathan Fumia

Nathan Fumia

Research Geneticist - Head of Crop Improvement, Hawaii Agriculture Research Center
LH

Lorin Harvey

Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:45pm - 3:45pm HST
Coral 2

1:50pm HST

OPB - Tetraploid plants of Samanea (Albizia) saman on diploid roots grew similarly to mixoploid and diploid plants on diploid
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:50pm - 2:00pm HST
Many legume trees are notorious for their prolific production of seedpods, which are usually large and in many cases stink when cracked open. Such pods affect both the beauty and sensory perception of the tree, and may be slippery and hazardous on walking surfaces. For example, Samanea (Albizia) saman, which has naturalized in many tropical and subtropical places and is commonly known in Hawaii as monkey pod tree, is a favorite landscape tree in Hawaii for its large canopy, especially in parking lots and parks. Unfortunately, this species produces a large amount of sticky pods that stick to shoes and tires, and can create an objectionable mess, a high volume of green waste and high maintenance of parking lots. The seedpods are heavy to rake and can cause damage to lawn mower blades. Seedless cultivars would have no potential to become invasive and their maintenance cost would be much lower. Seed-bearing ornamental plants can be converted to triploid, non-seed-bearing forms, and thereby eliminate their invasiveness and reduce their maintenance. Triploid plants rarely produce functional gametes, because they do not undergo normal meiosis, and the resulting sterility accounts for the economically valuable seedlessness of triploid bananas, limes, and seedless watermelons. Sterile nursery plants can be used for landscaping virtually without any possibility to become invasive. In a field trial at the University of Hawaii Waimanalo Research Station, it was observed that tetraploid plants of Samanea (Albizia) saman on diploid roots grew similarly to mixoploid and diploid plants on diploid roots. These tetraploid plants were developed by treating the apical meristem of diploid seedlings with 0.1% colchicine for 48h. Therefore, the root system remained diploid, while the above ground portion of the plants were tetraploid. However, tetraploid plants on tetraploid roots, grown from seeds harvested from tetraploid induced plants, were inferior to triploid plants on triploid roots. Triploid plants were almost double in size (67% taller, had 109% wider canopy, and 90% larger DAB, n=8). This is the first time that this phenomenon has been documented in Samanea spp.
Speakers
AR

Alberto Ricordi

University of Hawaii at Manoa
Co-authors
KL

Kenneth Leonhardt

University of Hawaii at Manoa
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:50pm - 2:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

1:50pm HST

UG 1 - Assessing the Impact of Urban Environments on the Biomolecular Composition of 'Mosco' Chili Peppers
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:50pm - 2:00pm HST
The rapid increase in urban populations and urbanization, coupled with the increasing demand for natural resources, has underscored the critical significance of global sustainability. Urban farming has been recognized as a promising solution to address these challenges. Despite the growing popularity of urban agriculture, there is a lack of research on how the built environment and urban micro-climates impact plant growth and food crops cultivated in cities. Our study aims to address this gap in knowledge by investigating how urban climates impact the growth and quality of 'Mosco' chili peppers, a significant crop in the Southwest United States. Peppers were cultivated in four different locations at the CSU Spur research facility in Denver, Colorado, including a ground-level plot, two rooftop areas with varying sunlight exposure, and a rooftop site under a solar panel array. Throughout the growing season, climate data and plant growth metrics were consistently monitored. Post-harvest, we characterized the biomolecular composition of the peppers using standardized methods from the Periodic Table of Food Initiative (PTFI). Collectively, the results of this study offer valuable insights into the impact of urban environments to the production and quality of peppers, informing sustainable urban farming practices and enhancing our understanding of plant adaptability in city settings.
Speakers
KB

Kathryn Braun

Colorado State University
Co-authors
EG

Eliza Gross

Colorado State University
NA
JB

Jennifer Bousselot PhD

Colorado State University
NA
JP

Jessica Prenni PhD

Colorado State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:50pm - 2:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

1:59pm HST

Citrus Crops 1 (CITR 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:59pm - 4:00pm HST
Comparing Scion and Rootstock Trunk Injection of Oxytetracycline for HLB Management Across Diverse Rootstocks in Florida - Larissa Nunes da Silva
Evaluation of Different Oxytetracycline Rates Delivery by Trunk Injections on Mature Valencia Sweet Orange Trees - Gabriel de Castro Marconi Pugina
Field Performance of Novel Citrus Rootstocks Grafted with Valencia and Their Response to Systemic Delivery of Oxytetracycline - Caroline de Favari Tardivo
Florida-grown 'Hamlin' Sweet Orange Failed to Produce Adequate Pounds-solids Despite Budline, Environment, and Antibiotic Treatment - John Chater
Hedging, Thinning, Controlled Release Fertilizer, and Oxytetracycline Trunk Injections to Mitigate Fruit Disorder Incidence in HLB-Affected 'Sugar Belle' Mandarin - Joe Volpe
Grove First: A Framework to Find Citrus Greening Treatments that are Safe, Affordable, and Available.- Guilherme Locatelli
Can We Improve Growth and Production in HLB- Affected Citrus Trees Using Plant Growth Regulators? - Prudhvi Vulchi
Methyl Salicylate and Gibberellic Acid For The Rehabilitation Of HLB- Affected Sweet Oranges. - Gurleen Kaur
Moderator
avatar for Caroline de Favari Tardivo

Caroline de Favari Tardivo

PhD Candidate, University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 1:59pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

2:00pm HST

UG 1 - Growth and Physiology of Three Buckwheat Cultivars under Reduced Substrate Water Contents
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:10pm HST
Instances of water scarcity attributed to insufficient precipitation have amplified across the western United States (U.S.), leading to restrictions on ornamental plant irrigation. Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) is widely used in pollinator-friendly U.S gardens due to its ornamental value and significance to pollinators. However, buckwheat's drought tolerance has not been widely investigated. The objectives of this research are to determine the effects of substrate volumetric water content on the visual quality, growth, and physiology of F. esculentum (common buckwheat), F. esculentum ‘Rose Red Soba’ and F. esculentum ‘Takane Ruby’. Cultivars were grown in an electromagnetic sensor-based automated irrigation system at substrate volumetric water content of 0.10 m3·m-3 (drought) and 0.40 m3·m-3 (control) for 35 days in a greenhouse. Plant growth index [(height (width 1 width 2)/2)/2], proportion of visibly wilted leaves, and the number of flowers were recorded weekly throughout the experiment. Gas exchange parameters were recorded at the termination of the experiment. Decreased substrate volumetric water content increased the number of visibly wilted leaves on three buckwheat cultivars. The plant growth index and number of flowers also declined as substrate volumetric water contents decreased from 0.40 to 0.10 m3·m-3. Alternatively, 'Rose Red Soba' and common Buckwheat exhibited a lower net photosynthesis rate in decreased substrate volumetric water content. Drought treatment also led to decreased stomatal conductance among all three buckwheat cultivars. Our results indicate that drought could impair buckwheat's ornamental value and growth due to the increased accumulation of visibly wilted leaves and decreases in plant growth index. Additionally, buckwheat's ability to attract pollinators could decline under drought conditions due to the loss of flower abundance. Nevertheless, 'Takane Ruby' buckwheat could maintain a higher capability of drought tolerance compared with 'Rose Red Soba' and common Buckwheat due to its capacity to maintain photosynthesis rate when substrate volumetric water content decreases.
Speakers
avatar for Sawyer Zook

Sawyer Zook

Undergraduate Researcher, University of Wyoming
I am currently an Assistant Researcher and A EPSCoR NASA fellow at the University of Wyoming. I bring a diverse range of experience from various roles related to Agriculture Research, Oil seed proccesing, Water/Wastewater Treatment, Plumbing, Welding. As well as an Organization Leadership/Horticulture... Read More →
Co-authors
DA

David Alan Claypool

University of Wyoming
NA
JC

Ji-Jhong Chen

University of Wyoming
NA
RJ

Randa Jabbour

University of Wyoming
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:10pm HST
South Pacific 3

2:00pm HST

CITR 1 - Comparing Scion and Rootstock Trunk Injection of Oxytetracycline for HLB Management Across Diverse Rootstocks in Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:15pm HST
The huanglongbing (HLB) associated pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) inhabits the phloem of infected citrus trees, which impedes the efficacy of foliar-applied chemicals for management of the disease. Trunk injection is an alternate method that allows the targeted delivery of agrochemicals into the vasculature, resulting in their systematic distribution throughout the tree. This study aims to determine the large-scale efficacy of trunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) on citrus tree health, fruit quality, and yield in existing rootstock trials in a commercial production site in Florida. The study compares 9-year-old Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grafted on six different rootstocks in a large field trial in Polk County, Florida. The experimental design is a complete randomized block design, with three injection treatments: 1) no injection (control), 2) injection into the scion trunk, and 3) injection into the rootstock trunk. The injections were performed in May 2023, and injected trees received a commercial formulation of OTC at a rate of 1.1 g per tree using FlexInject injectors. Data collection included HLB status, tree size, yield, fruit/juice quality, fibrous root density, and leaf macro- and micronutrient content once a year, wound phenotype every six months, and bacterial titers before injection and 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after injection. OTC injections into the scion or the rootstock trunk improved tree health, yield, fruit/juice quality, and the leaf Ca content. Overall, injections increased fruit yield by 24% and juice brix by 9%, increasing the revenue by 36% on a per acre basis. Injection into the scion trunk was slightly superior in terms of tree growth and fibrous root density, while injection into the rootstock trunk reduced the wound size, bark cracking, and HLB symptoms. CLas titers were reduced regardless of the injection site one month after injections. In conclusion, our results suggest that OTC injections have the potential for short-term management of HLB to help with the recovery of the Florida citrus industry in the face of endemic disease conditions. The trial will continue to assess longer-term effects.
Speakers
avatar for Larissa Nunes da Silva

Larissa Nunes da Silva

UF/IFAS - Southwest Florida Research
Co-authors
BP

Brandon Page

Citrus Research and Development Foundation
NA
UA

Ute Albrecth

UF/IFAS - Southwest Florida Research
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:15pm HST
South Pacific 4

2:00pm HST

VCM 1 - Using the Feekes Growth Stage Scale to Predict the Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio of Cereal Cover Crops
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:15pm HST
Cereals and other non-legume cover crops can help vegetable farms to reduce nitrogen leaching to ground water during rainy winter periods. A cover crop’s carbon to nitrogen ratio is an important metric that can help farmers better understand the nitrogen release dynamics from soil-incorporated cover crops. Cover crops with a lower C:N ratio (15:1) typically mineralize nitrogen when they are incorporated into the soil, whereas those with a higher C:N (25:1) usually immobilize nitrogen. But farmers need simple, reliable, field-based methods to predict a cover crop’s C:N ratio. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the Feekes growth stage scale and the C:N ratio of rye (Secale cereale L., ‘cv. Merced’) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. ‘Pacheco’) cover crops in the Central Coast region of California. Over a hundred field samples of rye and triticale shoots were collected at various developmental growth stages from organic and conventional vegetable farms and planting date trials, across multiple soil types, planting times, row spacings, and plant densities. The Feekes scale was correlated with the C:N ratio of cover crop shoots of rye (r2=0.63) and triticale (r2=0.76). The transition from Feekes 9 (when the ligule of the flag leaf is visible) to Feekes 10 (‘boot’ stage) is roughly when the C:N ratio went from below to above 20:1. Regression plots were developed that illustrate the relationship between the Feekes scale and the C:N ratio. These results have practical implications for a new ground water protection regulation (Ag. Order 4.0) in California’s central coast region that incentivizes winter cover crops that are grown until the C:N ratio is 20:1 or more.
Speakers Co-authors
RS

Richard Smith

University of California Cooperative Extension
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:15pm HST
Kahili

2:00pm HST

Why not us? Why you should attend the Department of Horticultural Science at NCSU for graduate studies
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:30pm HST
The Department of Horticultural Science at North Carolina State University is located in Raleigh, NC. The program has 3 graduate degrees, MHS (non thesis and optional DE), MS (thesis) and PhD (dissertation). Studies range from landscape design, production, sustainable agriculture, herbicide and weed science, plant physiology, breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology, and genomics. Research is conducted in modern labs, excellent controlled environment and greenhouse facilities, and 18 field research stations across the state. Thirty-one graduate faculty are located on campus and at off campus research sites. We currently have 60 graduate students in the 3 programs. The department has a number of graduate assistants available each year that provide the student with a stipend and pay for the tuition. Raleigh is located in the center of the state with easy access to highways, an international airport, many parks and greenways, and is just a short drive to the mountains and the beach. Raleigh is a cosmopolitan city and is one corner of the Research Triangle Park, a community of numerous universities, colleges, and biotech research companies.
Speakers
avatar for Gina Fernandez

Gina Fernandez

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 2:30pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

2:00pm HST

HortLegends Interviews
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 3:00pm HST
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 3:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 4

2:00pm HST

ASHS Finance Committee Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 3:30pm HST
Moderator
AW

Amy Wright

Professor and Associate Dean for Instruction, Auburn University
Speakers
avatar for Esmaeil Fallahi

Esmaeil Fallahi

ASHS Board of Directors Chairman; ASHS President 2022-2023, University of Idaho
ASHS Board of Directors Chairman; ASHS President 2022-2023;Professor of Pomology and Viticulture
avatar for Daniel Leskovar

Daniel Leskovar

ASHS President-Elect, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University
CG

Chris Gunter

University of Florida
avatar for Dean Kopsell

Dean Kopsell

Associate Dean, University of Georgia
I am the current ASHS President.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 3:30pm HST
Sea Pearl 3

2:00pm HST

Interest Group Session: Speed Networking: Making Collaboration Easy
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 4:00pm HST
Meeting new people is one of the best ways to start collaborating. It can be difficult to meet new people even at the annual conference with so many disciplines represented. This  session /event will provide the following impacts:
  • Enhance and develop connections of ASHS members with each other.
  • Create a structured time and space for low-pressure conversations and introductions.
  • Practice elevator speeches and first impressions for aspiring and experienced professionals.
  • Increase potential collaborations across disciplines and ASHS members.
The goal of this session is for participants to meet 10 to 15 people at the conference in a fast but low-pressure time.
 
The Partnership Development Committee (PDC) will create a signup sheet for the event to gauge the number of participants so that the room can best be set along with the time each pair has to converse. All members are welcome, even those who did not sign up prior to the conference. 
We will promote this event via social media, the ASHS newsletter, and by members of the PDC personally reaching out to other ASHS Professional Interest Groups. Participants will be encouraged to bring business cards, resumes, CVs, and job opportunities to this event.
  1. Introduction (10-15 minutes)
    1. Establish groundwork for the networking event.
    2. Provide tips and potential questions for participants to ask.
  2. Networking session 1 (30 to 35 minutes)
    1. Split into two groups.
    2. Pairs have 6-7 minutes (will determine based on # of participants).
    3. 1 person from each pair will stand up and move to the next chair at the end of the designated time.
  3. Break (10-15 minutes)
    1. Opportunity for participants to talk more with someone they connected with.
  4. Networking session 2 (30 to 35 minutes)
    1. Moving sets from Groups 1 and 2 swap.
    2. Pairs have 6-7 minutes (will determine based on # of participants).
    3. 1 person from each pair will stand up and move to the next chair at the end of the designated time.
  5. Recap and discussion (15-30 minutes)
    1. Sharing opportunity for participants.
    2. Promotion of the collaboration center and other collaborative events.
    3. Opportunity for participants to talk more with someone they connected with.
The amount of time each pair has to discuss will depend on the number of participants and will be determined shortly before the session.


Moderator
MB

Megan Bowman

Ball Horticultural Company
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:00pm - 4:00pm HST
Coral 1

2:14pm HST

Viticulture and Small Fruits 1 (VSF 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 3:30pm HST
Prospects for Grapes in High Tunnels - Paul Read
Growing Grapes on the Texas High Plains: A Review of Grower Concerns and Recent Research - Thayne Montague
Improving the Climate Resilience of Wine Grape Vineyards via Trellis Selection and Applied Water Amounts in Warm/Hot Viticultural Regions - Runze Yu
Heat Stress Effects on South Mississippi Grown Bunch Grapes - Haley Williams
Rethinking Chill Models: The Role of Cold Hardiness, Freezing Temperatures and Daily Fluctuation on Promoting Dormancy Progression and Release - Amaya Atucha

Moderator
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 3:30pm HST
Nautilus

2:14pm HST

Hemp Research and Extension 1 (HEMP 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 3:45pm HST
Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of High Quality Cannabis Sativa - Matthew Taylor
A Three-state Summary on the Critical Weed Free Period for Transplanted Floral Hemp. - Harlene HattermanValenti
Impact of Cover Crops on Weed Pressure and Soil Health in No-till Fiber Hemp Production - Ashlee George
Photoperiod Sensitive CBD Hemp Response to Fertigation Nitrogen Inputs in a Raised-bed Plasticulture Growing System - Francesco Di Gioia
Heavy Metal Application Timing Impacts Plant Growth in Cannabis sativa - Harrison Meekins
Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fertilizer in Support of Best Management Practices for Industrial Hemp in Florida - Shea Keene
Moderator
MT

Matthew Taylor

Curio Wellness
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 3:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

2:14pm HST

Postharvest 1 (PH 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 4:00pm HST
Ethylene Degreening: A Technique to Enhance Peel Color of Georgia-Grown Satsuma (Citrus reticulata) Citrus Fruit - Taiwo Owolanke
Postharvest Storage Temperatures to Promote Anthocyanin Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Blood Orange cv. Moro - Fariborz Habibi
Preserving Flavor in Grapefruit Juice: Continuous Flow High-Pressure Homogenization Versus Conventional Treatment - Jayashan Adhikari
Effects of Alternative Atmosphere Storage on the Postharvest Quality of Georgia-grown Blackberries - Ramsey Corn
Examining the Effect of Storage Temperatures on Chilling Injury Incidence of Georgia-Grown Peaches - Orestis Giannopoulos
Postharvest melatonin application maintains quality of jackfruit bulbs by alleviating enzymatic browning and oxidative stress under low temperature storage - Jashanpreet Kaur
Catalysis of 1-Methylcyclopropene Degradation By Non-Target Materials: Metals and Metal Salts - Ozge Horzum


Moderator
TO

Taiwo Owolanke

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:14pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

2:15pm HST

CITR 1 - Evaluation of Different Oxytetracycline Rates Delivery by Trunk Injections on Mature Valencia Sweet Orange Trees
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
In Florida, Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, has severely impacted citrus production, prompting research into alternative treatment methods such as trunk injection of oxytetracycline (OTC) to manage Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) colonization. This study aims to 1) determine the optimal OTC rate administered by injection to improve the health and productivity of HLB-affected mature sweet orange trees and 2) determine the impact of spring versus late summer injections to maximize benefits and the potential for extending the harvest window. The study was initiated in 2023 in a commercial citrus production setting in Polk County, Florida. The trees were 18 years old and composed of ‘Valencia’ (Citrus sinensis) scion on Swingle (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock. Four different OTC rates (0.55 g, 0.852 g, 1.1 g, and 1.65 g active ingredient per tree) and two injection times (June and September) were compared against a control receiving no injections. The experimental design was a randomized block design with eight replications, and each replication consisted of four linear trees. A commercial formulation of OTC registered in Florida was used and administered through FlexInject injectors. A volume of 100 ml per tree was used for the 0.55-1.1 g rates and administered with one injector. The highest rate (1.65) was administered using two injectors on opposite sides of the tree in a volume of 75 ml per injector. Tree health was assessed by visual ratings of foliar HLB symptoms and canopy densities, while CLas titers were quantified using real-time PCR. Fruit quality and yield measurements included total soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit weight, and juice characteristics. Trees were harvested, and fruit/juice quality was determined in March 2024. Overall, injected trees produced significantly more and larger fruit with better juice color, a higher percentage of juice, and more total soluble solids than control trees. The highest rate of OTC produced the highest yield and highest-quality fruits compared to the other rates. We did not observe any difference between spring (June) and summer (September) injections on any measured variables. Bacterial titers were reduced in the injected trees compared to the non-injected trees, and injected trees had fewer HLB symptoms and denser canopies than control trees. This research provides important insights into the best practices for managing HLB using trunk injection of OTC.
Speakers Co-authors
CT

Caroline Tardivo

University of Florida
UA

Ute Albrecht

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

2:15pm HST

HEMP 1 - Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of High Quality Cannabis Sativa
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
Scientific research activities focused on production of high-quality Cannabis sativa continue to grow in both the industry and academic sectors. At the university level in the United States, the majority of the research uses hemp-type or low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCa) cannabis cultivars due to federal restrictions. Only at the industry level and in states with some level of medical or recreational legalization can production research be carried out on high THCa or drug-type Cannabis. Dried female flower inflorescences are the harvested and saleable portion of the Cannabis plant. The quantitative traits of flowers are relatively clear and easily enumerated. To be considered superior quality, THCa concentration should be 25% or greater and the total terpene concentration should be 2% or greater on a dry weight basis (moisture content of 10-12%). While the average cannabis consumer values these characteristics, they also greatly appreciate many of the qualitative characteristics of cannabis flower, which include visual appearance or sometimes referred to as bag appeal, olfactory characteristics when opening the container of cannabis and while breaking apart the flowers, texture, and taste when smoking. These characteristics are more difficult to define and quantify. When conducting research, both quantitative and qualitative characteristics need to be of great consideration when the goal is to produce high quality Cannabis flower.
Speakers
MT

Matthew Taylor

Curio Wellness
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
South Pacific 1

2:15pm HST

PH 1 - Ethylene Degreening: A Technique to Enhance Peel Color of Georgia-Grown Satsuma (Citrus reticulata) Citrus Fruit
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
In recent years, the production of Satsuma oranges (Citrus reticulata) has significantly increased in the state of Georgia. Satsumas are known to develop a deep orange peel color naturally when the temperature drops below 12°C at night. However, due to the subtropical climate of South Georgia, the fruit often fails to turn orange naturally even after attaining physiological maturity standards. Consumers tend to choose fruits based on appearance, with brightly colored oranges being more likely to attract buyers. Degreening is a postharvest technique that utilizes gaseous ethylene (C2H4) to accelerate and promote the development of orange/yellow color pigments in fresh-market citrus fruit. The study was conducted using four Satsuma cultivars ('Brown Select', 'Owari', 'Miho', and 'Xie Shan') harvested at physiological maturity yet with green peel coloration. The fruit samples were subjected to a degreening treatment which involved exposure to a continuous flow of
Speakers
TO

Taiwo Owolanke

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
AB

Anthony Bateman

University of Georgia
NA
JP

Jake Price

University of Georgia, Extension
NA
OG

Orestis Giannopoulos

University of Georgia
RC

Ramsey Corn

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
South Pacific 2

2:15pm HST

VCM 1 - Associations Among Crop/Weed Management Practices and Environmental Factors Highlight Challenges Facing U.S. Snap Bean Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
Snap bean production has decreased by ~30% recently due to an increase in imports and changing consumer preferences towards more fresh and frozen products. A major production concern is weed species that escape control, since they cause yield losses and can contaminate harvest loads. Coupled with changing weather patterns, snap bean processors and growers will have to adjust to these and future challenges. Field surveys were conducted to identify associations among crop/weed management practices and environmental factors on snap bean yield and weed density. From 2019-2023, snap bean fields throughout the major U.S. production regions were surveyed for weeds at harvest. Management records for each field were obtained from growers. Information on soil and weather conditions of each surveyed field also was obtained. In total 358 production fields were surveyed in the Midwest (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin), Northeast (Delaware, Maryland, New York. Pennsylvania), and Northwest (Oregon, Washington) regions. To determine associations among management and environmental variables on crop yield and weed density, the machine learning algorithm random forest was utilized. The models had 24 and 22 predictor variables for crop yield and weed density, respectively, and both were trained on 80% of the data with the remainder used as a test set to determine model accuracy. Partial dependence plots were used to visualize the change in response variables based on the most important predictors. The crop yield model had pseudo-R2 values of 0.56 and an accuracy of 74%. Higher average temperatures during early season growth, higher soil organic matter content, and planting midseason (June-July) predicted an increase in average crop yield. Meanwhile, excessive precipitation early in the season, high sand content of the soil, high temperatures at crop flowering and row cultivation predicted a decrease in crop yield. The weed density model had pseudo-R2 values of 0.55 and an accuracy of 81%. While row cultivation was associated with lower snap bean yield, it corresponded to a decrease in weed density, suggesting row cultivation had less-than-ideal selectivity between the crop and weed. Moreover, multiple spring tillage operations prior to planting predicted an increase in average weed density, implying that excessive tillage may favor emergence of weeds in snap bean. Over the coming decades, climate change-driven weather variability is likely to influence snap bean production, both directly through crop growth and indirectly through weeds that escape control practices that also are influenced by the weather.
Speakers Co-authors
BS

Barbara Scott

University of Delaware
NA
CL

Carolyn Lowry

Penn State University
NA
EP

Edward Peachey

Oregon State University
NA
JC

Jed Colquhoun

University of Wisconsin
LS

Lynn Sosnoskie

Cornell University
NA
MV

Mark VanGessel

University of Delaware
NA
NK

Nicholas Korres

University of Ioannina
NA
PP

Pavle Pavlovic

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
NA
RL

Rui Liu

Washington State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
Kahili

2:15pm HST

VSF 1 - Prospects for Grapes in High Tunnels
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
High tunnels have proven to be a suitable alternative for a number of small fruits and vegetables, but potential applications for grapes need to be further explored. We have conducted seven years of research with table grapes in high tunnels and demonstrated that profitable production can be achieved with the concomitant reduction of environmental challenges, including vertebrate pests, hail and extremes of weather. This approach has also resulted in less pesticides required to maintain a quality robust canopy. Furthermore, our research has shown that cold storage retains marketable quality, thus enabling extending the marketing season for the cultivars tested (Thomcord, Everest, Marquis, Mars, Canadice and Somerset). In addition, we have explored the potential of growing Vitis vinifera grapes in a high tunnel in the Midwest with the goals of enabling our commercial wineries to have a local source of grapes that are not adapted to field production in Nebraska but are desired by consumers. Vinifera grapes can thus be produced as a local wine varietal or can be employed to enrich wines made from locally adapted cultivars. Data on survival and productivity of specific cultivars such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, Petit Verdot, Riesling and other vinifera cultivars will be presented while discussing the productivity of closely related new cultivars.
Speakers
PR

Paul Read

University of Nebraska
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 2:30pm HST
Nautilus

2:15pm HST

Interest Group Session: Understanding Labor Constraints and Opportunities, and Behavioral, Economic, Engineering, and Production Influences on Automation Adoption in the Green Industry
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 4:15pm HST
In the this session, the Nursery LEAP (Labor, Engineering, Automation, and Production) Team will present results culminating from a USDA SCRI planning grant survey and related topics. The team will describe current labor challenges, limitations of the current workforce, and opportunities through multiple visa programs. Team members will also present the correlation between perceived barriers to adoption, nursery business characteristics, and the likelihood of adopting automated technologies; nursery producers’ perceptions and intent to use automated nursery technologies; and an overview of current mechanization and automation levels in nurseries. Founders of Moss Robotics, Inc. will share their approach to developing and commercializing AI, computer vision, and machine-learning-based technology for the nursery industry. The session will conclude with a facilitated panel discussion featuring all speakers.
Coordinator(s)
  • Jacob Shreckhise, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Arboretum, McMinnville, Tennessee, United States
  • Amy Fulcher, University of Tennessee, Plant Sciences, United States
  • Anthony LeBude, NC State University, United States
  • James Altland, USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH, United States
Moderator - Natalie Bumgarner, University of Tennessee, United States
  • The Nursery Industry’s Labor Dilemma – Dr. Anthony LeBude, NC State University, will provide an overview of the US nursery industry’s labor challenges and the threat that these challenges pose to the sustainability of this labor-reliant industry. 10 min
  • The Role of U.S. Temporary Foreign Worker Visa Program in Addressing the Green Industry Labor Needs: Challenges and Opportunities - In this presentation, Dr. Margarita Velandia, University of Tennessee, will give a general overview of the H-2A, H-2B, and the TN NAFTA or TN USMCA visa programs and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with each program in addressing the green industry labor needs. 20 min
  • Factor’s Correlated with the Propensity to Use Automation and Mechanization – Several of U.S. nursery industry’s characteristics and actions to address labor issues are correlated with the use of the automated technologies. Dr. Alicia Rihn, University of Tennessee, will explore the correlation between perceived barriers of adoption, nursery business characteristics, and the likelihood of adopting automated technologies. 20 min
  • Understanding Nursery Producers Perceptions and Intent to Use Automated Nursery Technologies – Dr. Anthony LeBude, NC State University, will describe collaborative work led by Dr. Laura Warner, University of Florida, on using Diffusion of Innovations theory to understand growers’ perceptions of nursery technology and how these perceptions shape growers’ adoption of automation, as well as results from a Theory of Planned Behavior evaluation of nursery growers’ intent to use automation from 4 technology clusters. 20 min
  • Nursery Mechanization and Automation Adoption Levels – Dr. Amy Fulcher, University of Tennessee, will present current nursery mechanization and automation adoption levels and compare the current percentage of individual tasks that are automated with 2006 levels. 20 min
  • Scouting and Crop Monitoring with Robotics and AI for the Green Industry – Ms. Di Hu and Mr. Shrijit Singh, founders of Moss Robotics, Inc., will discuss how advancements in autonomous driving and AI have unlocked new possibilities for the green industry. Moss leverages robotics, computer vision, and machine learning to revolutionize field scouting, providing nursery producers with cost-effective solutions for efficient crop management and monitoring. In this presentation Ms. Hu and Mr. Singh will explore Moss’ innovative approach, including a case study demonstrating the transformative impact of their robotic field scouting solution. 20 min
  • Speaker’s Panel: All speakers will serve on the panel. Dr. James Altland, USDA-ARS, will facilitate the panel session through thoughtful prompts and questions from the audience to foster enriching discussion. 10 min

Moderator
NB

Natalie Bumgarner

Assistant Professor, University of Tennessee Knoxville
Speakers
AF

Amy Fulcher

University of Tennessee
MV

Margarita Velandia

The University of Tennessee
NA
JS

Jacob Shreckhise

USDA-ARS, U.S. National Arboretum
avatar for Di Hu

Di Hu

CEO, moss robotics inc.
SS

Shrijit Singh

CTO, moss
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:15pm - 4:15pm HST
Lehua Suite

2:29pm HST

Plant Biotechnology 1 (PB 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:29pm - 4:00pm HST
Revolutionizing Grapevine Breeding: Overcoming Perennial Challenges with Genome Editing - Bridget Bolt
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Development of Low Mowing Frequency Perennial Ryegrass and Tall Fescue Varieties - Roshani Budhathoki
Precision Breeding Using CRISPR to Improve Production Traits in Blackberry - Pradeep Marri
Double CRISPR Knockout of Pectin Degrading Enzymes Improves Tomato Shelf-life While Ensuring Fruit Quality - Isabel Ortega Salazar
Functional Characterization of a Candidate Bacterial Wilt Resistance Gene in Tomato - James Duduit
Novel Short Synthetic Promoters for Constitutive Expression in Dicot Species - debao huang

Moderator
avatar for Isabel Ortega Salazar

Isabel Ortega Salazar

University of California, Davis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:29pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

2:30pm HST

CITR 1 - Field Performance of Novel Citrus Rootstocks Grafted with Valencia and Their Response to Systemic Delivery of Oxytetracycline
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Worldwide citrus production faces significant challenges from the devastating disease Huanglongbing (HLB), necessitating innovative management strategies. This study aimed to assess the performance of novel rootstocks under natural HLB-endemic conditions using regular management practices and the recently registered practice of delivering oxytetracycline (OTC) through trunk injection to reduce pathogen load. Nine novel rootstocks, US-1673, US-1676, US-1680, US-1672, US-1687, US-1688, US-2111, US-2132, and US-2137 with different genetic backgrounds, including Citrus maxima, C. tachibana, C. reticulata, and Poncirus trifoliata were included in the study. Also included were two commercial rootstock standards, sour orange (C. aurantium) and Swingle (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata). The rootstocks were grafted with ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (C. sinensis) scion and planted in 2014 in a randomized complete block design and 12 single-tree replications in an open field in St. Lucie County, Florida. In July 2023, half of the trees were injected with ReMedium TI® (95.0% oxytetracycline hydrochloride) dissolved in reverse osmosis water acidified with muriatic acid to a pH of 2.0. Each tree received 0.75 g OTC dissolved in a volume of 75 ml (10,000 ppm) administered using FlexInject injectors. Injections were performed in the scion, approximately 5 cm above the graft union. Tree measurements included tree size, canopy health, pathogen titers, fruit yield, and juice quality. Significant differences among rootstocks were observed in the years before injection. In the 2022-2023 production season, US-1688 induced the highest yield, and US-2132 induced the best juice quality. Preliminary results indicate an overall positive response to the OTC treatment across all rootstocks. Injected trees had a 36% increase in yield, an 11% increase in juice brix, and a significant reduction in leaf and root pathogen titers. As in the previous years, growth and productivity varied significantly among the rootstock cultivars. US-1688, a new release by USDA under the name SuperSour 4, continued to be among the largest, healthiest, and most productive trees. The results from this research demonstrate the importance of rootstock selection for sustainable citrus cultivation. It also highlights the benefits of integrating the systemic delivery of antibacterial therapies to maximize the resilience of citrus trees to HLB.
Speakers
avatar for Caroline de Favari Tardivo

Caroline de Favari Tardivo

PhD Candidate, University of Florida
Co-authors
KD

Kim D Bowman

USDA ARS
NA
UA

Ute Albrecht

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
South Pacific 4

2:30pm HST

HEMP 1 - A Three-state Summary on the Critical Weed Free Period for Transplanted Floral Hemp.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
There is a growing demand for hemp-derived products but because of the crop's criminalization history, there is limited University-produced information describing best production practices. The research objective was to define the critical weed-free period (CWFP) for transplanted floral hemp. Field trials were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at an outlying NDSU Agriculture Experiment Station near Prosper, ND (46.57° N, 97.01° W), the Cornell AgriTech campus in Geneva (42.88°N, 77.01°W), and the Clemson University Coastal Research and Education Center (33.46°N, 79.55°W). Four cultivars were transplanted at NY with three cultivars (Bubbatonic, Sour Space Candy, and Quick Spectrum) in common with ND. Three cultivars were transplanted in SC with two cultivars (Cherry Wine and Bubbatonic) in common with NY. The CWFP treatments were weeded for 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, and weed-free. Weeding was accomplished by manually hoeing and hand-weeding. Weed species varied at each location but were mainly annual weed species (both broadleaf and grasses). Plants were harvested after at least a 16-week period in the field and air-dried before removing leaf and floral biomass from stems. At SC, when averaged across cultivars and trial years, a significant increase in mean floral yield with 2, 4, 6, and season long weed-free intervals when compared to 0 weeks weed-free. In addition, a significant decrease in dry weed biomass existed when comparing the same weed-free intervals to the 0 weeks weed-free treatment. At NY, hemp biomass averaged across all cultivars was significantly affected by the duration of weed competition. Per plant yields were reduced >80% when weeds were allowed to compete almost season-long. Biomass production was maximized when weeds were suppressed for at least 6 weeks after transplanting. At ND, results were quite different due to timely rainfall and lack of rain. Under adequate to excellent moisture conditions, the stem diameter, stem number, plant weight:height ratio, and dry biomass yield responses were significantly different only when weed control was provided for one week. However, under extreme season long drought conditions, stem diameter increased 53%, weight:stem ratio increased 172% and dry biomass increased 201% when weeds were controlled the entire season. Results indicate that transplanted hemp is sensitive to competition and preventing weed establishment for several weeks was necessary to reduce competitive interactions. Results also suggested that the need for a weed-free period was exacerbated and most important when rainfall during the growing season was limited.
Speakers Co-authors
LS

Lynn Sosnoskie

Cornell University
NA
MC

Matthew Cutulle

Clemson University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

2:30pm HST

PB 1 - Revolutionizing Grapevine Breeding: Overcoming Perennial Challenges with Genome Editing
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Climate change poses a significant threat to perennial crops like grapevine in the USA, with projections indicating that 50-81% of acreage may become unproductive by 2040. To address this, breeding resilient varieties is imperative. However, traditional breeding for perennials is time-consuming (25-30 years) due to extended evaluation periods. Genome Editing, specifically CRISPR/Cas9, offers targeted modification potential but faces hurdles in perennial crops such as grapevine. These include somaclonal variation, inefficient transformation, transgene removal needs, and industry hesitance. We propose an efficient Genome Editing method for grapevine leveraging the systemic mobility of methylated dicistronic mRNA:tRNA molecules. This approach aims to: 1. Enable genome editing without transgene integration, negating the need for backcrossing and preventing unintended genetic changes. 2. Circumvent in-vitro culture, reducing somaclonal variation risk and preserving existing chimerism. Our method addresses key challenges in Genome Editing adoption for grapevine and could accelerate the development of climate-resilient varieties, crucial for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate.
Speakers
avatar for Bridget Bolt

Bridget Bolt

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Kentucky
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
South Pacific 3

2:30pm HST

PH 1 - Postharvest Storage Temperatures to Promote Anthocyanin Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Blood Orange cv. Moro
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit contain valuable compounds for human health, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and ascorbic acid. Anthocyanin is considered an important internal quality index of blood oranges due to its red color and antioxidant activity. Blood orange pigmentation under similar growing conditions depends on some factors including cultivar, cultural practices, soil characteristics, climate conditions, maturity, and harvest maturity. Blood orange fruit require cold temperatures between 8 °C to 15 °C during the last ripening stages to develop high levels of anthocyanin in their flesh. However, commercial production of blood oranges in subtropical or tropical regions is limited due to very low or lack of cold temperatures to enhance anthocyanin concentration in fruit. We evaluated the effect of different storage temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C) on anthocyanin enhancement and the antioxidant activity of ‘Moro’ blood orange for 42 days. Fruit were harvested from a commercial citrus orchard in south Georgia and transported to the postharvest lab in Gainesville, Florida. Fruit were checked for absence of defects andr rind injuries, sanitized with 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution, and superficial water removed from the fruit surface. The fruit were then divided into sets of four replicates of 10 fruit per treatment and placed in mesh bags for storage at 10, 15, or 20 °C with 90 % relative humidity. Anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant activity in the flesh were evaluated every 14 days for 42 days. There were significant differences among the applied storage temperatures for anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. The highest anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant activity were observed at 10 °C, while the lowest anthocyanin level was at 20 °C for all sampling times. The efficiency of these temperatures in enhancing flesh anthocyanin and antioxidant activity was in the following order: 10 °C > 15 °C > 20 °C at all sampling times. Overall, it can be concluded that cold storage can be used as a simple technology for enhancing bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in blood oranges that are poorly pigmented at harvest in subtropical or tropical climates like Florida.
Speakers
FH

Fariborz Habibi

University of Florida
Co-authors
AS

Ali Sarkhosh

University of Florida
NA
JB

Jeffrey Brecht

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
South Pacific 2

2:30pm HST

VCM 1 - Impact of Early Season Tarping on Soil Conditions and Weed Populations in North Central United States Vegetable Production Systems
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Weed management is one of the biggest challenges vegetable growers face. Plastic mulch, herbicides, tillage, and hand-weeding are common ways vegetable growers manage weeds. These methods can be labor intensive, require specialized equipment, and cause environmental harm. Tarping is an alternative weed management method. Silage tarps or high-tunnel plastics are commonly used tarping materials; these are multi-functional tools that can be used for several years. Tarping facilitates stale seedbed weed management techniques by modifying the soil microclimate and promoting weed germination. After weed germination, opaque tarps can terminate weeds via occultation (lack of sunlight), whereas clear tarps terminate weeds by creating extreme temperatures. More information is needed for the type and timing of early-season tarp application for optimal weed control. The research was conducted at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Stations in Ames, IA. This study examined three types of tarps: black, white, and clear, at three different durations: two, four, and six weeks prior to planting compared to a non-tarped control. Clear tarp and control treatments were cultivated at the time of tarp removal prior to planting. Soil temperature was recorded at 5 centimeters depth for 6-week tarp treatments. Early-season clear tarping did not elevate temperatures enough to terminate the majority of weeds. However, black and white tarps created a weed-free planting bed. Average soil temperatures underneath the clear tarp were the warmest (21.8ºC), followed by black tarp (15.1ºC). White tarp treatments (11.7ºC) had a lower average soil temperature than treatments with no tarp (14.8ºC). Two weeks following tarp removal, six-week clear tarp treatments had a higher percent weed cover than black and white tarp treatments measured using Turf Analyzer, a digital photo analysis software. Differing soil temperatures did not significantly impact soil microbial biomass carbon. The two-week white tarp had significantly higher soil microbial biomass nitrogen than all other treatments except four-week clear tarp. There was no effect of tarp type or duration on onion crop yield. These results indicate that the use of white and black tarps can be a feasible alternative weed management method in North Central vegetable production systems.
Speakers
avatar for Carly Strauser

Carly Strauser

Iowa State University
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University
Co-authors
AN

Ajay Nair

Iowa State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Kahili

2:30pm HST

VSF 1 - Growing Grapes on the Texas High Plains: A Review of Grower Concerns and Recent Research
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Within the State of Texas the grape (Vitis vinifera) and wine industry has an economic impact of over $20 billion. Currently there are more than 3,700 ha of vineyards within the state, and greater than 80% of Texas vineyards are within the Texas High Plains American Viticultural Area (AVA). High Plains AVA grape growers are blessed with beneficial soil conditions, low biotic stress factors, and a generally favorable climate. However, geophysical challenges within the AVA include dangerous winter temperature extremes, late spring frosts, high wind speed events, thunderstorms, damaging hail, drought, and herbicide volatility and drift concerns. Despite these challenges, the Texas High Plains AVA has gained a reputation for producing high yields and fruit with exceptional quality. This presentation will focus on recent (past three years) research efforts performed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension and Texas Tech University personnel: investigating grape grower concerns associated with vine water requirements, avoiding grapevine hail damage, estimating vine cultivar bud dormancy traits, and quantifying herbicide drift and volatilization into vineyards. Presented research results benefit Texas High Plains grape growers and give growers additional insight into production practices and management methods suited for grape production within the unique Texas High Plains AVA environment.
Speakers
avatar for Thayne Montague

Thayne Montague

Professor, Texas Tech University / Texas A&M AgriLife Research
Dr. Montague's teaching responsibilities include Plant Propagation, Woody Landscape Plant Identification, and Introduction to Viticulture. Dr. Montague's research responsibilities focus on physiology and plant/microclimate interactions of grapevines and other fruit crops. 
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 2:45pm HST
Nautilus

2:30pm HST

An Introduction to Using R and RStudio for Horticultural Data Analysis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Speaker: Dr. Brittany Barker, Research Associate, Oregon IPM Center, Oregon State University
Description:
The webinar will provide an introduction to the use of R for formatting, viewing, and analyzing data collected in horticultural and ecological studies. Additionally, the RStudio platform will be introduced to demonstrate how this integrated development environment for R can be used to view and interact with data, write code, and streamline the production of figures and output. Example code for conducting popular statistical analyses (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA, and ANCOVA) and for creating beautiful plots with ggplot2 will be presented.

Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

2:45pm HST

CITR 1 - Florida-grown 'Hamlin' Sweet Orange Failed to Produce Adequate Pounds-solids Despite Budline, Environment, and Antibiotic Treatment
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease in Florida and has been spreading in citrus-growing regions in Texas, Georgia, and California. HLB threatens the entire US fresh and processed citrus industries. To date, all commercial sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) cultivars are susceptible, though some are more tolerant than others. The citrus industry has an estimated economic impact nationwide of over $13 billion. The currently applied strategies for mitigating this disease are costly and unsustainable. The development and commercialization of HLB tolerant sweet orange scions is needed for sustainable and profitable citriculture in the US. Citrus Under Protected Screen (CUPS) is a method used in Florida to exclude the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, or ACP), which is a phloem-feeding hemipteran insect that is the vector for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus CLas the causal agent believed to be responsible for HLB disease in citrus. ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange is the most important early sweet orange for processing in modern history. ‘Hamlin’ has a budline called ‘Hamlin 1-4-1’, which is the predominant budline in the State of Florida. ‘Hamlin 1-4-1’ has high susceptibility to HLB, which causes symptoms such as blotchy mottle, small fruit size, high titratable acidity (TA), low total soluble solids (TSS), and severe fruit drop. ‘Hamlin N13-32’ is a new budline of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange that appears to have enhanced tolerance to HLB in terms of tree health. ‘Hamlin 1-4-1’ and ‘Hamlin N13-32’ trees were followed for two years in multiple environments with and without treatments of oxytetracycline. Tree size, rootstock, fruit number, fruit size, TSS, TA, TSS:TA ratio, and pounds-solids data were collected to determine the effects of environment (CUPS versus outside grove), antibiotic treatment effects, and budline effects on production. There were some significant differences among groups for fruit quality, but more research is needed to determine effects of oxytetracycline, budline, rootstock and environment on ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange production.
Speakers
JC

John Chater

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

2:45pm HST

HEMP 1 - Impact of Cover Crops on Weed Pressure and Soil Health in No-till Fiber Hemp Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Current fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa <0.30% total THC) production systems rely on pre-emergent herbicides to manage weeds prior to canopy closure. Due to the rapid growth of fiber hemp, paired with the plastic nature of the crop, the need for weed suppression is most critical in the first month after planting. No-till systems with a rolled cover crop residue may be able to provide weed suppression without the use of herbicides, which can lower the cost of inputs, reduce the risk of negative environmental impacts associated with herbicide use, and improve soil health. Four cover crops - crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), and triticale (xTriticale)- were roller-crimped into a mulch, and fiber hemp was no-till drilled into the residue. Each cover crop plot was paired with two bare ground plots, one of which was weeded weekly, while the other remained weedy. This design was repeated in three locations in the coastal-plain region of North Carolina (Kinston, Clinton, and Goldsboro). Crop emergence, weed counts and biomass, and fiber hemp biomass and yield were measured in each plot. Cover crop biomass was measured before planting and after retting to determine whether this residue may be a potential contaminant during baling. Soil health parameters were compared among cover and bare plots. Hairy vetch resulted in greater hemp emergence in Kinston, but emergence was not affected by the mulches otherwise. Hairy vetch plots had less weeds than others in Clinton and Goldsboro. Soil respiration and potentially oxidizable carbon did not differ by treatment, with the exception of higher soil respiration in grass covers in Goldsboro. Cover crop biomass remaining after retting was higher in grass plots than legume plots, indicating a potential for bail contamination. These preliminary results indicate that fiber hemp can be grown in a no-till system.
Speakers
AG

Ashlee George

Graduate Student, North Carolina State University
Co-authors
AW

Alex Woodley

North Carolina State University
NA
DS

David Suchoff

North Carolina State University
NA
SH

Shannon Henriquez Inoa

North Carolina State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
South Pacific 1

2:45pm HST

PB 1 - CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Development of Low Mowing Frequency Perennial Ryegrass and Tall Fescue Varieties
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinacea Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are common cool-season turfgrass species. They are widely utilized in home lawns, athletic fields, golf courses, and roadsides. However, these grasses require frequent mowing to maintain lawn quality. Developing low-mowing frequency varieties is highly desirable because it can significantly reduce maintenance costs and fuel consumption. Gibberellin 20-oxidases (GA20ox) are key genes in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis pathway, mutations in which can induce a dwarf phenotype in plants and, therefore, reduce mowing frequency, as demonstrated by our dwarf turf varieties developed using conventional mutagenesis techniques. We have recently employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create knockout or knockdown mutations in the GA20oxidase1 gene to develop dwarf tall fescue and perennial ryegrass lines. The CRISPR/Cas9 construct used for editing LaGA20ox1 and LpGA20ox1 has ZmUbi and OsU6a promoters controlling the expression of Cas9 and sgRNA, respectively. We have delivered the CRISPR/Cas9 construct into tall fescue and perennial ryegrass via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We have observed a 35-50% reduction in plant height compared to the parental wild-type plants. Furthermore, the leaf widths in these mutants are reduced by 30-60%. Some mutants display a smoother leaf texture compared to the wild type. The T2 homozygous mutant progenies will undergo field evaluation for mowing frequency and fertilizer requirements. We anticipate that some of these gene-edited lines should exhibit a significant reduction in mowing frequency and fertilizer input.
Speakers
RB

Roshani Budhathoki

University of Connecticut
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

2:45pm HST

PH 1 - Preserving Flavor in Grapefruit Juice: Continuous Flow High-Pressure Homogenization Versus Conventional Treatment
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Grapefruit is known for its citrus aroma and tangy flavor. Processors use post-harvest preservation methods for juice production to maintain quality during storage for market distribution. These processes aim to preserve quality and safety while reducing unwanted compounds such as furanocoumarins. However, traditional methods like thermal pasteurization alter sensory quality and nutrient contents. With consumers demanding fresh-like taste without safety issues, researchers have aimed to develop new processing technologies. Here, we tested continuous flow high-pressure homogenization (CFHPH) for grapefruit juice processing. This method may extend shelf-life while maintaining fresh-like flavor. In this study, CFHPH was applied at various pressure levels (200, 250, 300 MPa), inlet temperatures (4 or 22 °C), and a flow rate of 1.125 L/min, and compared with conventional high-temperature short time (HTST) processing for preserving flavor compounds in Ruby Red grapefruit juice during storage at 4 °C for 45 days. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified key volatile compounds such as limonene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and linalool. CFHPH preserved flavor compounds better than HTST, while HTST treatments led to flavor loss and off-notes. CFHPH maintained major volatiles like limonene, suggesting its potential as a consumer-preferred preservation method. This research underscores the significance of innovative techniques for maintaining grapefruit juice sensory quality, which is essential for customer satisfaction and market success.
Speakers Co-authors
KA

Koushik Adhikari

University of Georgia
NA
RS

Rakesh Singh

University of Georgia
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

2:45pm HST

VCM 1 - Applying Advanced Lighting Practices for Vegetable Propagation
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Propagation greenhouses produce a wide range of crops, each presenting unique responses to light quality and quantity. With dynamic LED lighting solutions now available and proven to be viable over large acreages, propagators can tailor their lighting protocols to each crop with regards to zone management, photoperiod, spectrum and intensity. The effects of light quality and quantity on plant morphology and growth are well documented and while the exact impact is not generalizable across all crops and varieties, certain themes hold true. For example, high levels of blue light are generally associated with compact plants and thick, waxy leaves. In contrast, high levels of far-red light can cause etiolation in multiple species through the shade avoidance response but enhances photosynthesis and growth when combined with red light. Given the high importance of crop morphology in propagation, dynamic Dynamic LED lighting has been used to develop advanced lighting protocols in the propagation of fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops. In the production of cucumber transplants, applying high levels of blue light and a long photoperiod effectively slows the growth of cucumber transplants at the end of the propagation cycle, a strategy which proved useful to a propagator looking to delay transplant delivery per the client’s request. Concretely, the combination of high blue levels and a long photoperiod slowed crop growth, prevented tendril development and restricted plant stretching. Further, the use of high-blue treatments over young leafy greens effectively reduced plant height by 2-3 cm and produced stronger plants. Another trial focused on the production of strawberry tray plants found that a balanced light spectrum produced more stolons (i.e., daughter plants) while a blue-enriched spectrum produced significantly more leaves. In the production of ornamentals, dynamic lighting can be used to reduce the greenhouse’s reliance on plant growth regulators (PGRs), enhance leaf or petal coloration and trigger bud formation. In red-leafed varieties, controlled light-induced plant stress through spectral and/intensity adjustments have proven effective at stimulating the production of red pigments and enriching the leaves’ hue. Results from various commercial and research trials demonstrate benefits of dynamic LED lighting in the propagation of horticultural and ornamental crops alike. This presentation presents data from the aforementioned case studies among others.
Speakers
RS

Rose Seguin

Agronomist, Sollum Technologies
Rose Séguin is an agronomist specializing in controlled environment agriculture, with previous experience in indoor agriculture, agricultural innovation systems, and agricultural development in remote areas of Canada. She holds a bachelor's degree in agro-environmental sciences and... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Kahili

2:45pm HST

VSF 1 - Improving the Climate Resilience of Wine Grape Vineyards via Trellis Selection and Applied Water Amounts in Warm/Hot Viticultural Regions
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
In grape vineyards, trellis systems are used to provide specific canopy microclimate to optimize grapevine production, physiological performance, and berry composition. However, many major wine producing regions are being challenged by the constantly increasing air temperature and decreasing available water allocated for agricultural use. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of trellis system and applied water amount on grapevine productivity and grape quality. This study was conducted to evaluate six trellis systems, including a vertical shoot positioned (VSP), two modified VSP systems (VSP60 and VSP80), a single high wire (SH), a high quadrilateral (HQ), and a cane-pruned VSP-Guyot (GY) and three applied water amounts based on various crop evapotranspiration (ETc), including 25%, 50%, and 100%, in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that SH and HQ systems, once fully established, could have higher efficiency in accumulating total soluble solids (TSS) and total yield. Also, these two systems showed greater flavonol and anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skins compared to the VSPs, possibly resulted from reduced chemical degradation from the hotter environment Being strongly correlated with canopy architecture, the flavonols and molar percentage of quercetin in berry skins, indicated that the VSP systems were more likely to be prone to overexposure and potential photooxidative stress. The three applied water amounts showed that with less water, grapevines would have lowered yield but increased berry flavonoid accumulation. Overall, this experiment provides information about selecting trellis systems and applied water amounts to optimize vineyard productivity and berry quality in warm/hot viticultural regions.
Speakers
RY

Runze Yu

Assistant Professor, California State University, Fresno
Co-authors
NT

Nazareth Torres

Universidad Pública de Navarra
NA
SK

Sahap Kaan Kurtural

Kurtural Vineyard Consulting
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 2:45pm - 3:00pm HST
Nautilus

3:00pm HST

CITR 1 - Hedging, Thinning, Controlled Release Fertilizer, and Oxytetracycline Trunk Injections to Mitigate Fruit Disorder Incidence in HLB-Affected 'Sugar Belle' Mandarin
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Global citrus production has been severely impacted by huanglongbing (HLB), a disease presumably caused by the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). While there are not any commercial citrus cultivars currently available that have total resistance to this pathogen, several varieties show some degree of tolerance, including the LB8-9 ‘Sugar Belle’ mandarin. This cultivar was released by the UF/IFAS CREC Plant Improvement Team in 2009 and is known to be one of the most HLB tolerant varieties in HLB-endemic conditions when considering tree health. Fruit from this cultivar can be used for juicing or in the fresh market and with proper cultural care the trees consistently produce relatively high yields with typically an acceptable ratio of total soluble solids (TSS) to titratable acidity and value in pounds-solids per acre. Despite the improved tolerance to HLB in ‘Sugar Belle,’ many growers in Central and South Florida have had increased incidences of fruit disorders with this variety in the past several seasons. Fruit that are misshapen, have a poor peel color, or go soft on the tree are more common making this cultivar often undesirable for packing houses. The objective of this study is to determine if hedging the trees at different times (early summer, middle summer, or late summer), manually removing ~50% of the developing fruit in July (thinning), controlled release fertilizer applications, or oxytetracycline trunk injections will help mitigate some of the incidences of fruit disorders and increase overall fruit and juice quality at harvest. There were two sites used for this experiment (The Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred, FL, and Tamiami Citrus “Bee Branch Grove” in Avon Park, FL) and it was conducted over two seasons 2022-2024. Significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were discovered among the treatment groups in terms of TSS, titratable acidity, sugar:-acid ratio, pounds-solids per box, fruit size, yield, percent asymptomatic fruit, and peel rupture force. Despite evidence that some treatments may provide benefits to the grower, more research is needed to mitigate the soft fruit problem in ‘Sugar Belle’ mandarin.
Speakers
JV

Joe Volpe

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
South Pacific 4

3:00pm HST

HEMP 1 - Heavy Metal Application Timing Impacts Plant Growth in Cannabis sativa
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Cannabis sativa is a known hyperaccumulator of heavy metals (HM), and testing of hemp medicinal products is required for HM contaminants including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). The objective was to evaluate how the timing of HM applications impacts hemp growth. A plant experiment was conducted where 40 Cannabis sativa ‘Wife’ hemp plants were grown in deep water culture systems in a growth chamber. Aqueous nutrient solutions including combined As, Cd, and Pb were applied directly into the hydroponic solution on a weekly basis, with HM concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg HM/L. During the first six weeks, plants were grown under long days to promote vegetative growth, and 15 plants were harvested at the end of this vegetative growth phase. The remaining 25 plants were grown under short days to initiate flowering, with harvest 6 weeks later. Total dry mass (P < 0.05), shoot dry mass (P < 0.05), and root dry mass (P < 0.01) were significantly affected by HM application timing. The total and shoot dry mass was the highest for the control group, followed by the plants that received HM at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L during the reproductive phase, and the least growth occurred in plants that received HM at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L during the vegetative phase. Root dry mass decreased as HM concentration increased (P < 0.05). Flower dry mass was not significantly affected by HM application timing or concentration. Results highlight how exposure to HM at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L markedly reduce biomass accumulation, especially when exposure occurs early in the production cycle.
Speakers
HM

Harrison Meekins

University of Florida
Co-authors
PF

Paul Fisher

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
South Pacific 1

3:00pm HST

PB 1 - Precision Breeding Using CRISPR to Improve Production Traits in Blackberry
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Pairwise is a technology-focused food and agriculture company that makes tiny alterations to plant genetics to solve big problems. Powered by our best-in-class technology, Pairwise is harnessing new genomics technologies to create innovative new products. With our FulcrumTM platform, we accelerate innovation in plants and plant-based production systems, delivering value to people and our planet. Partnering with Plant Sciences, Inc. to access their elite germplasm, we created a platform to transform and edit tetraploid blackberry (Rubus sub. Rubus). We used the power of genetics and genomic tools to identify the candidate gene for thornless in blackberries and used CRISPR based gene editing to validate the trait. The identification of this gene will enable faster deployment of a thornless trait, an essential production trait, into blackberries. The gene may be broadly applicable to other Rubus species and horticultural crops such as roses.
Speakers
avatar for Pradeep Marri

Pradeep Marri

Associate Director, Controlled Environments and Trait Testing, Pairwise Plants
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
South Pacific 3

3:00pm HST

PH 1 - Effects of Alternative Atmosphere Storage on the Postharvest Quality of Georgia-grown Blackberries
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Blackberries have several susceptibilities that contribute to the fruit’s high perishability resulting in a short shelf-life. The industry-standard technique for maintaining the postharvest quality is to store berries in a room with low temperature and high relative humidity to slow senescence. Despite the use of cold storage, the shelf-life of fresh-market blackberries can be short, limiting their marketing potential. The application of innovative technologies such as controlled atmospheres (CA), or the addition of gaseous ozone (O3) to the cold storage rooms could aid in maintaining the postharvest quality. During the 2023 blackberry season, three harvests were conducted paired with a sensory survey one day after. Four blackberry cultivars (Caddo, Ouachita, Ponca, Osage) were hand-picked, field-packed, and hand-sorted before being placed into cold storage. The storage conditions included a control of cold storage (1 °C, 95% RH), cold storage with additional controlled atmosphere (10% CO2 10% O2), and cold storage with gaseous ozone (0.5 ppm). The blackberries were kept under the above storage conditions for up to 21 days, with quality assessments occurring every seventh day. Quality assessments included sensory attributes of visual quality, weight loss, color, firmness, respiration rates, red drupelet reversion (RDR) presence, anthocyanin content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids. Significant differences between treatments were recorded in fruit firmness of Caddo and Ouachita berries after seven days of storage. The CA and ozone treatments resulted in higher firmness of Caddo berries compared to the control. The CA and ozone treatments resulting in lower firmness of Ouachita berries compared to the control. RDR was separated by presence of RDR with the parameters none, low, and high. In each harvest, Ouachita had the highest presence of RDR after harvest compared to the other cultivars. Caddo exhibited low to no RDR in each harvest initially and after storage. Caddo was favored by panelists in the sensory survey related to the overall flavor and overall appearance. The experiment will be repeated during the 2024 blackberry season to evaluate the above cultivars’ aroma volatile compound levels using a GC/MS system.
Speakers
RC

Ramsey Corn

University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
OG

Orestis Giannopoulos

University of Georgia
ZR

Zilfina Rubio

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
South Pacific 2

3:00pm HST

VCM 1 - Evaluating the Effect of Three Algae Extracts Application on Three Crops Growth and Yield in Hawaii
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Food- and nutritional-security are among the highest concerns for Hawaii residents. The state imports about 85% of the consumed food and there’s roughly two-week worth of food locally at any given time. Local food production is costly due to high inputs cost. Algae extracts are known to supports plants' flowering and fruiting, increasing plant nutrient uptake, enhancing resistance and recovery from plant stress events, and increasing nutrient use efficiency and fertilizer assimilation. Three different algae extracts (Afrikelp, Acadian, and Kelpak) were evaluated for their effect on growth and yield of bush bean, bell pepper, and tomato in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 5 blocks. The algae extracts were applied 5 times during each growing season. The algae extracts were applied at dilution rate of 1:100 with a week between applications for the bush bean crop and two-week intervals for bell pepper and tomato crops. The results showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) increase in the three crops yield under all algae extracts compared to control (water only) treatment. The results also showed there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between the algae extracts with highest yield recorded under Afrikelp extract compared to Acadian and Kelpak. The yield increase reached between 150-300% compared to control treatment.
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Kahili

3:00pm HST

VSF 1 - Heat Stress Effects on South Mississippi Grown Bunch Grapes
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
In the challenging climate of Mississippi, where high heat, rainfall, and humidity pose significant challenges to bunch grape (Vitis spp.) production, identifying resilient cultivars is essential for determining stress adaptation and sustainable agricultural practices. This study assessed the heat tolerance of nine interspecific hybrid bunch grape cultivars/selections (‘Ambulo Blanc’, ‘Black Spanish’, ‘Blanc du Bois’, ‘Lomanto’, ‘MidSouth’, ‘Miss Blanc’, ‘Muench’, OK392, ‘Victoria Red’) grown at the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station South Mississippi Branch in Poplarville, Mississippi, in 2023. Stomatal density, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit, and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated both in the field and through leaf disks subjected to a 4-hour heat simulation. ‘Miss Blanc’ and OK392 exhibited the highest stomatal density, while ‘Black Spanish’ had the lowest. Monthly in-field measurements showed no significant differences in physiological measurements. Regarding specific cultivars undergoing the heat simulation, ‘Lomanto’ displayed elevated stomatal conductance and transpiration, contrasting with OK392 with lower values. ‘MidSouth’ showcased high chlorophyll fluorescence, whereas ‘Ambulo Blanc’ consistently displayed lower levels. ‘Miss Blanc’ and OK392 exhibited high vapor pressure deficit, while ‘MidSouth’ showed low values. Further analysis unveiled several correlations: a strong positive correlation between stomatal conductance and transpiration (r=0.9, P
Speakers
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
ES

Eric Stafne

Mississippi State University
NA
JR

Jenny Ryals

Mississippi State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:00pm - 3:15pm HST
Nautilus

3:15pm HST

CITR 1 - Grove First: A Framework to Find Citrus Greening Treatments that are Safe, Affordable, and Available.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) is considered one of the most devastating diseases affecting the global citrus industry. There is an urgent need to provide relief from HLB and restore profitable citrus production. Since 2005, over a billion dollars has been spent on research to find a solution to HLB. Trunk injection with the antibiotic oxytetracycline is the current treatment that Florida growers are using to manage the disease. To broaden the number of molecules available to growers to treat HLB a framework was developed to efficiently screen molecules in citrus groves, selecting those that enhance tree health over a season. The framework is based on the principles of the design-of-experiments (DOE). Utilizing the injection system developed by TJ Biotech (LLC), 88 molecules were injected into 8-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) trees grafted on ‘US-812’ (Citrus reticulata × Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock over a six-week period. The injections were divided into nine sets, with varying numbers of molecules injected in each set (12, 10, or 6). The injections were administered into the scion, approximately 5 cm above the graft union. Visual assessments of tree health index and canopy density were collected to evaluate changes in restoring tree horticultural traits. Ratings were recorded before injections and at 90 and180 days post-injections. In addition to health index and canopy density, a series of seven pictures were taken per tree on the injection day and subsequently at 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after injections. Pre-harvest fruit drops were measured by counting and removing any fruits on the ground beneath each tree. The total number of fruits on each tree was tallied at harvest to calculate the percentage of fruit drops for each tree. Yield, fruit, and juice quality were assessed at harvest. In this screening trial, trees injected with oxytetracycline have been used as a positive control to indicate enhancement in tree health. Results from the tree health index obtained at 90 and 180 days after injection showed that 17 molecules performed similarly or better than the oxytetracycline-treated positive control. We are partnering with regulatory consultants to identify those that are safe and affordable. New molecules for injection will require regulatory labeling.
Speakers
GL

Guilherme Locatelli

University of Florida
Co-authors
EC

Ellen Cochrane

University of Florida/USDA
NA
LR

Lorenzo Rossi

University of Florida
ML

Michelle L Heck

Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service/ Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Interactions Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University
NA
RN

Randall Niedz

U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

3:15pm HST

HEMP 1 - Photoperiod Sensitive CBD Hemp Response to Fertigation Nitrogen Inputs in a Raised-bed Plasticulture Growing System
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Nitrogen (N) fertilization plays a key role in determining the productivity and quality of horticultural crops and limited information is available on the N requirements of photoperiod-sensitive CBD hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). With the objective of providing recommendations on N fertilization to CBD hemp growers a field study was conducted in Pennsylvania to evaluate the response to N inputs of two photoperiod sensitive CBD hemp genetic resources: a clone named ‘FunDip’ (The Hemp Mine) propagated using rooted cuttings and ‘Sour Kush’ (Kayagene) propagated using feminized seeds. Both selections were planted mid-June on raised beds mulched with black polyethylene film and served by drip irrigation. Plants were established at 1.5-m in-row and 2.4-m between rows. After planting both CBD hemp selections were fertigated weekly with urea (46-0-0) using seasonal application rates equivalent of 84, 168, 252, and 336 kg/ha of N. An unfertilized control was used to account for the N available through the soil and to estimate the crop N use efficiency. Treatments were arranged according to a split plot experimental design with four replications. Nitrogen treatments were randomized within the main plots while hemp selections were randomized within subplots. Each experimental unit had a minimum of 12 plants, unfertilized border rows and in-row areas were used as buffer zones to avoid fertilizer cross-contamination between different N applications rates. Plant response to N inputs was evaluated conducting biometric assessments during the growing season and at final harvest. Representative plants were sampled to measure leaf and inflorescence, stem, and total plant fresh and dry biomass. Oven-dried plant tissue samples were analyzed for their total N content to estimate the plant N accumulation during the growing season. At every biometric assessment, soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, and nitrate (NO3-) content. A quadratic response to N inputs was observed in both selections. At final harvest, the total fresh plant biomass of both genotypes was maximized with the application of 252 kg/ha of N and declined at higher N rate. However, no increase in plant dry biomass were observed in plants fertigated with over 168 kg/ha of N in both genotypes. An accumulation of NO3-N and associated increase in EC was observed with the progression of the growing seasons especially in plots fertigated with over 84-168 kg/ha of N, in Sour Kush and FunDip, respectively, which suggest an excess of N was applied with N rates exceeding 84-168 kg/ha.
Speakers
FD

Francesco Di Gioia

Pennsylvania State University
Co-authors
AC

Alyssa Collins

Pennsylvania State University
NA
BM

Ben Morrison

Pennsylvania State University
NA
MK

Misha Kwasniewski

Pennsylvania State University
NA
TJ

Trevor Johnson

Pennsylvania State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
South Pacific 1

3:15pm HST

PB 1 - Double CRISPR Knockout of Pectin Degrading Enzymes Improves Tomato Shelf-life While Ensuring Fruit Quality
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Tomato fruit is an important and popular commodity worldwide. One of the main challenges for the fresh market tomato industry is postharvest deterioration, which is mainly determined by the rate of softening. This rate can affect tomato shelf-life, pathogen susceptibility, and fruit waste. The softening rate is regulated by multiple factors, but mainly by the pectin composition of the cell wall, which is remodeled, disassembled, and solubilized by enzymes during fruit ripening; a process that induces and determines the fruit softening in fleshy fruits. The main pectin-degrading enzymes that act on the pectin backbone are Polygalacturonases (PG) and pectate lyases (PL). In this study, we generated a double CRISPR knockout PGPL. We investigated the combined functions of SlPG2a and SlPL on fruit quality traits in postharvest, including shelf-life attributes like firmness and water loss, fruit marketability, and disease incidence. We also assessed additional attributes impacting consumer acceptance, such as taste and aroma. Our findings revealed that the tomato ripening enzymes SlPG2a and SlPL act additively, significantly affecting fruit firmness and shelf-life. Additionally, aspects of fruit quality, such as external color, sugar: acid ratio, and aroma volatiles, were improved or not affected in the double CRISPR knockout PGPL when compared to control. The discoveries of this research provide new insights into the influence of pectin backbone degradation on fruit physiology and postharvest quality, which can be used in crop improvement programs to make fruit more resilient in the supply chain without compromising consumer-based quality traits.
Speakers
avatar for Isabel Ortega Salazar

Isabel Ortega Salazar

University of California, Davis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
South Pacific 3

3:15pm HST

PH 1 - Examining the Effect of Storage Temperatures on Chilling Injury Incidence of Georgia-Grown Peaches
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Peaches are climacteric fruit that can continue ripening after harvest. When stored at elevated temperatures, peaches exhibit higher respiration rates and increased ethylene production, which makes low-temperature storage key for quality preservation. Cold storage slows down metabolic activities responsible for senescence. However, temperatures between 36 and 46°F (2.2-7.7°C) might induce a disorder commonly known as chilling injury, hence, this range has been named by many scientists as the “killing zone”. The disorder is detrimental to peach quality as it affects the flesh texture, appearance, and fruit juiciness overall. Depending on the severity, peaches might not show external symptoms of the disorder which usually appears after transfer to ambient conditions. Factors such as varietal differences, storage durations, and growing conditions may influence the severity of chilling injury symptoms. Very little research has been done in the Southeast regarding chilling injury incidence, while many of the newer cultivars have never been investigated. This project aimed to investigate the appearance of chilling injury symptoms in important peach cultivars grown in the Southeastern United States. Peaches were stored at five different temperatures of 33, 36, 41, 46, and 50°F (0.5, 2.2, 5, 7.7, and 10°C) and 95% relative humidity for up to four weeks. Quality evaluations occurred on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after harvest, which were followed by three days of ambient storage to allow for the development of chilling injury. Quality measurements included weight loss, decay incidence, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, as well as visual appearance. Results show that 33°F storage temperatures had lower respiration. Higher storage temperatures of 41, 46, and 50°F resulted in increased weight loss and lower firmness readings. Peaches stored at 33 and 36°F were juicier until the 21st day of storage. All tested temperatures were tolerated for a storage period of 7 days, with no visible symptoms. On the other hand, storage durations longer than 14 days at temperatures of 36, 41, and 46°F showed the highest chilling injury incidence. More research is currently underway in order to create a map of chilling injury tolerance across different cultivars that are important for the Southeastern region.
Speakers
avatar for Orestis Giannopoulos

Orestis Giannopoulos

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Co-authors
AD

Angelos Deltsidis

University of Georgia
DC

Dario Chavez

University of Georgia
NA
RC

Ramsey Corn

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
South Pacific 2

3:15pm HST

VCM 1 - Early Season Soil Tarping Impacts on Weed Pressure and Onion Production in Eastern South Dakota
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Onions are a globally popular kitchen staple, not only for their flavor, but also their nutritional value. According to the Agricultural Marketing Research Center, onions are the fourth most consumed fresh vegetable in the United States. To bring this valued crop to our kitchen tables, quality onions must be produced in high quantities to meet consumer demands. Since they are especially susceptible to weed competition due to their minimal canopy cover, weed management is an important consideration for onion production. One weed management tool is soil tarping. This study evaluated the impact of two types of tarping (solarization and occultation) and duration of tarping (6-, 4- and 2-weeks) on weed control in Patterson and Candy onion production. Field experiments were conducted during the 2023 growing season in Brookings, South Dakota. Solarization was conducted using clear tarps secured with sandbags and buried edges. Tarps were placed in April and May at respective weeks before removal on May 30. Immediately following tarp removal, each plot was tilled, and rows of onion transplants were planted. Occultation was evaluated using white side up and black side up silage tarps, both applied at respective weeks before removal and onion planting. Each treatment plot filled a twenty-four by ten-foot area. A randomized complete block design with four blocks and ten treatment plots per block including a control with no tarp was established. Response variables for data collection included weed type, height, and biomass as well as onion yield. All tarping treatment plots resulted in less weed pressure than the control at tarp removal. Broadleaf weed count collected during the growing season was different among tarp treatments (p=0.03). Data collected June 12 showed 6-week clear tarp to have 67% less broadleaf weed count per acre than the control, and 74% less than the 4-week black tarp. There was no difference in onion yield due to tarping treatment. This may have been due to biweekly weeding events that evened out treatment effect on weeds over the growing season. There was, however, a difference in yield between Candy and Patterson onion cultivars (p=0.02). Candy averaged a marketable count of 19 of 48 planted onions while Patterson averaged a marketable count of 36 of 48 onions planted. Soil tarping may be an effective option for farmers to reduce early season weeds in onion production, however, it should be used alongside other management strategies to obtain a viable yield.
Speakers
HV

Hannah Voye

South Dakota State University
Co-authors
KL

Kristine Lang

South Dakota State University
RB

Rhoda Burrows

South Dakota State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Kahili

3:15pm HST

VSF 1 - Rethinking Chill Models: The Role of Cold Hardiness, Freezing Temperatures and Daily Fluctuation on Promoting Dormancy Progression and Release
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
This study addresses fundamental questions in bud dormancy, specifically the impact of temperature on chill accumulation and cold hardiness on dormancy release. We evaluated bud cold hardiness (CH) and time to budbreak responses of grapevines throughout chill accumulation under three treatments: constant (5°C), fluctuating (-3.5 to 6.5 °C daily), and field conditions (Madison, WI, USA), during three dormant seasons. Findings reveal that lower temperatures in chill treatments result in greater cold hardiness gains (CHfield>CHfluctuating>CHconstant). All treatments reduce time to budbreak with increased chill accumulation. However, when time to budbreak was adjusted to remove cold acclimation effects, treatment effectiveness changed. Notably, existing chill models (North Carolina, Utah, and Dynamic) fail to accurately describe adjusted budbreak responses. Our results demonstrate how chill treatment effectiveness changes when adjustments for uneven acclimation are considered. We propose a new model that includes freezing temperatures and enhances chill accumulation under fluctuating conditions.
Speakers
AA

Amaya Atucha

University of Wisconsin Madison
Co-authors
AK

Al Kovaleski

University of Wisconsin-Madison
NA
BA

Beth Ann Workmaster

University of Wisconsin Madison
NA
MG

Michael G North

University of Wisconsin Madison
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 3:30pm HST
Nautilus

3:15pm HST

Consumer Horticulture and Master Gardener Interest Group Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Moderator
avatar for Kristine Lang

Kristine Lang

Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, South Dakota State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Sea Pearl 4

3:30pm HST

CITR 1 - Can We Improve Growth and Production in HLB- Affected Citrus Trees Using Plant Growth Regulators?
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is arguably the biggest concern for citrus growers in Florida causing a drastic more than 75% decline in citrus-bearing acreage since 2005. HLB symptoms include sparse canopy, poor leaf growth and development, ultimately resulting in yield losses. Standalone applications of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and certain antibiotics have been reported to reduce the impact of HLB on tree growth and promote new flush growth. However, very little research has been done on synergistic effect of PGRs and antibiotics on tree growth and yield. The goal of HLB mitigation strategies is to promote a denser canopy, enhancing source to sink ratio as trees with dense canopies are known to produce high fruit yield. Thus, we initiated a field study to evaluate foliar applications of PGRs (auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins) and trunk injections of Oxytetracycline (OTC) in 9-year-old orchards of Valencia on ‘Swingle’ rootstock in central Florida. This is the first research in citrus where PGRs are being applied according to tree phenology. The experimental design is a split-plot with a completely randomized block design with 8 replications. The antibiotic programs (with and without OTC injections) are assigned to the main plots, while the PGR treatments assigned to the subplots consist of an no PGR control, PGR applications with varying concentrations, and PGR applications with constant concentrations throughout the year. Parameters such as leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, water content, chlorophyll content, starch content and carbohydrate content from leaf samples are recorded every three months starting from July 2023. Over 9 months no consistent pattern of PGR or OTC treatment was observed for vegetative traits. Nonetheless, Non-OTC trees showed higher leaf water content compared to OTC during the dry season months of October and January. Regarding yield, the study suggests that both PGR treatments, when applied with or without OTC lead to significant improvement in yield. PGR variable treatment showed 30% improvement in yield efficiency compared to both the control and PGR Constant treatments. No difference is observed between OTC and Non-OTC programs in terms of yield efficiency. These findings suggest that use of PGR treatments regardless of use of antibiotics can be beneficial for growers.
Speakers
PV

Prudhvi Vulchi

University of Florida, CREC
Co-authors
AL

Amit Levy

University of Florida
NA
TV

Tripti Vashisth

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
South Pacific 4

3:30pm HST

HEMP 1 - Field Evaluation of Controlled Release Fertilizer in Support of Best Management Practices for Industrial Hemp in Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Successful field cultivation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Florida is restricted to summer months when rainfall is highest, as hemp is exceptionally sensitive to daylength. Given the prevalence of soils in Florida with poor nutrient and water holding capacities, controlled release fertilizer (CRF) could be ideally suited for outdoor cultivation due to its slow-release profile. To assess the effectiveness of CRF to support plant growth while minimizing water quality risks, the plant growth and biomass production of four hemp cultivars (‘Wife’, ‘Sunset Improved’, ‘FunDip’, and ‘Belle’) were evaluated in response to nitrogen and phosphorous availability from ten CRF formulations in Apopka, Florida during the summer of 2023. Plant growth was assessed post-transplant and monthly thereafter until harvest by measuring the height, widest width, and width perpendicular to the widest width of each hemp plant. At harvest, plants were severed at the soil surface and dried at 70 degrees Celsius for three days. For each plant, the total plant biomass and total flower biomass was measured. Significant differences in plant growth and biomass production were found among varieties; however, minimal differences were found in plant growth and biomass production within variety in response to varying CRF formulations. These results suggest that CRF can provide adequate levels of fertility for the growth and development of hemp cultivated outdoors in Florida, and that selection of hemp cultivar affects plant growth and yield.
Speakers
avatar for Shea Keene

Shea Keene

University of Florida
Co-authors
AW

Ajit Williams

University of Florida
NA
BP

Brian Pearson

Oregon State University
NA
HS

Hardeep Singh

University of Florida
NA
JB

Jehangir Bhadha

University of Florida
NA
LS

Lakesh Sharma

University of Florida
Dr. Lakesh Sharma is an assistant professor of soil fertility and sustainable agriculture at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. Lakesh has been farming since he was a child on his own farm. His academic school journey started in 2000. He is currently working on nutrient... Read More →
TS

Tamara Serrano

University of Florida IFAS-TREC
NA
WD

Winniefred D Sharma

University of Florida
NA
ZB

Zachary Brym

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
South Pacific 1

3:30pm HST

PB 1 - Functional Characterization of a Candidate Bacterial Wilt Resistance Gene in Tomato
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is an economically devastating plant pathogen that causes rapid death and has been widely distributed worldwide. Rs is a soil-borne bacterium that plugs plant xylem vessels, causing wilt and ultimately death in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and many other economically important crops. The most cost-effective and efficient means of managing Rs is planting resistant cultivars. However, acceptable Rs resistance in these genotypes is tightly linked to small fruit size, preventing development of BW-resistant large fruited tomato cultivars. Previous research has shown that a highly resistant cultivar's candidate resistance gene (Sl-BWR) is linked to qualitative resistance of Rs. Our preliminary data indicates that overexpression of the resistant allele in a susceptible cultivar background confers resistance comparable to the wild-type resistant allele. There is ongoing work to generate susceptible allele overexpression lines and knockout lines from the susceptible and resistant cultivars. We hypothesize the resistant allele knockouts will be susceptible to Rs, indicating that the candidate gene is the primary resistance factor. The gene could be functionally characterized to elucidate the Rs resistance mechanism in tomatoes to be deployed in a breeding program to develop resistant cultivars against bacterial wilt.
Speakers
JD

James Duduit

North Carolina State University
Co-authors
TA

Tika Adhikari

North Carolina State University
NA
WL

Wusheng Liu

North Carolina State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
South Pacific 3

3:30pm HST

PH 1 - Postharvest melatonin application maintains quality of jackfruit bulbs by alleviating enzymatic browning and oxidative stress under low temperature storage
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Jackfruit bulbs are susceptible to postharvest browning which is a major factor limiting shelf life and marketability. In this investigation, the impact of postharvest melatonin (MLT) application on enzymatic browning and antioxidant metabolism in jackfruit bulbs was evaluated. Jackfruit bulbs were dipped in different concentrations of MLT (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol L-1) prior to cold storage at 4 ± 1 °C temperature and 85-90% relative humidity over the duration of 20d. MLT application considerably delayed the process of senescence as demonstrated by a reduction in browning index and softening of bulbs with 0.1 and 0.2 mmol L-1 MLT application, respectively. At the end of the storage period, 0.2 mmol L-1 MLT treatment significantly maintained higher ascorbic acid (46.9 %), total phenolics (22.3%) and total carotenoids (26.3%) compared to control. Whilst 0.1 mmol L-1 MLT application curtailed fruit weight loss (46.0%) and improved total flavonoid content (16.7 %) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (12.5%) as compared to the control. The levels of polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were significantly lower in 0.1 mmol L-1 and 0.2 mmol L-1 MLT treated bulbs, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase was improved with the application of 0.2 mmol L-1 MLT. In addition, all MLT treatments effectively reduced malondialdehyde, lipoxygenase and hydrogen peroxide radicals. These findings suggest that dip treatment of MLT (0.1 and 0.2 mmol L-1) effectively lessen flesh browning along with maintenance of antioxidant potential and postharvest quality of jackfruit bulbs.
Speakers
JK

Jashanpreet Kaur

PhD Scholar, Edith Cowan University
Co-authors
AW

Andrew Woodward

Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
NA
EA

Eben Afrifa-Yamoah

Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
NA
HM

Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib Shah

Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
NA
MS

Muhammad Sohail Mazhar

Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade Northern Territory
NA
ZS

Zora Singh

Edith Cowan University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
South Pacific 2

3:30pm HST

VCM 1 - Evaluating the effect of fertilization and controlled-water deficit on growth and yield of compact vegetable plants
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Sales of compact vegetable bedding plants for the home-gardening market segment are increasing. However, production guidelines for these new crops are limited. Our objective was to assess the effect of fertilizer use and controlled-water deficit (CWD) on plant growth during production, and after-production effects on fruit yield. ‘Siam’ tomato and ‘Basket of Fire’ pepper plants were grown in a greenhouse for 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, using 10-cm containers. Half of the plants received a water-soluble fertilizer once a week, and the other half were irrigated with tap water only, relying on the starter fertilizer charge in the substrate (EC = 0.9 mS·cm−1). Plants were irrigated when the substrate volumetric water content (VWC) reached 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, or 0.60 m3·m–3. After the experiment, plants were transplanted into 20-cm containers, top-dressed with controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), and grown for another 10 weeks to evaluate carryover treatment effects. Plants that did not receive fertilizer were shorter and had a lower shoot dry mass (SDM) than those that were fertilized, regardless of species. Shoot height of tomato followed a quadratic trend in response to CWD, which peaked at 0.45 m3·m–3, whereas SDM linearly increased with increasing VWC. No growth responses to CWD were measured for pepper. However, plants of both species that did not receive fertilizer looked chlorotic and had a lower chlorophyll concentration than those that were fertilized (15 and 32 µmol·m–2 for tomato and 15 and 27 µmol·m–2 for pepper, respectively). Plant greenness increased after applying CRF, suggesting that applying fertilizer right before shipping could increase quality of these plants when grown with limited or no fertilizer to control growth. After the carryover phase, differences in plant growth were maintained, and differences in yield was measured between fertilized and non-fertilized plants (56 and 48 fruits for tomato and 153 and 112 fruits for pepper, respectively). Our results show that growth and yield of compact tomato and pepper plants are affected to a larger extent by fertilizer use than by substrate VWC.
Speakers
MF

Michael Fidler

Purdue University
Co-authors
CG

Celina Gomez

Purdue University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 3:45pm HST
Kahili

3:30pm HST

Southern Region ASHS Executive Board Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 4:15pm HST
Moderator
avatar for Julie Campbell

Julie Campbell

University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:30pm - 4:15pm HST
Sea Pearl 3

3:45pm HST

CITR 1 - Methyl Salicylate and Gibberellic Acid For The Rehabilitation Of HLB- Affected Sweet Oranges.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
Huanglongbing (HLB), is a serious bacterial disease affecting citrus trees. HLB, poses a significant threat to Florida
Speakers
GK

Gurleen Kaur

CREC, University of Florida
Co-authors
SP

Shalini Pareek

University of Florida-Citrus Research and Education Center
NA
TL

Taylor Livingston

University of Florida- Citrus Research and Education Center
NA
TV

Tripti Vashisth

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

3:45pm HST

PB 1 - Novel Short Synthetic Promoters for Constitutive Expression in Dicot Species
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
Determining the promoter motifs involved in regulating transcription, the first process of gene expression, is critical for synthetic promoter engineering. A gene’s promoter contains cis-regulatory elements, or motifs, which are binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) to initiate and drive transcription. Many bioinformatic tools have been developed for determining statistically overrepresented regions, representing sites of potential cis-regulatory elements, that are shared across groups of promoters. Combining the results produced by multiple bioinformatic tools can lead to improved detection accuracy of motifs conferring biological activity. In the present study, we compiled a set of 11 known soybean constitutive gene promoters under the assumption that some of the promoters are regulated by the same transcription factor(s). Seven bioinformatic tools capable of de novo motif discovery were used to determine potentially shared motifs within the promoters, which were then mapped back to the original promoter sequences. A total of 64 overlapping motif regions (OMRs) were commonly detected amongst the 11 constitutive promoters, and each OMR was cloned individually in front of the minimal CaMV 35S promoter driving GUSPlus reporter gene expression. Transient tobacco leaf agroinfiltration and subsequent quantitative GUS activity assays were used to determine each OMR’s ability to drive reporter gene expression. We found that 20 of the 64 bioinformatically-determined OMRs drove functional gene expression significantly higher than the basal levels conferred by the minimal 35S promoter. Of the 20 functional OMRs, 11 drove GUSPlus expression at levels from just twice that of the minimal 35S promoter up to nearly half of the full-length 35S promoter. We also transformed these 20 functional OMRs individually into Arabidopsis. While GUS staining is still ongoing, we identified a few OMRs which showed strong promoter strength in single-copied homozygous Arabidopsis seedlings. These functional OMRs are strong candidates for further characterization and can be used for crop improvement.
Speakers Co-authors
EB

Emily Brooks

North Carolina State University
NA
NM

Nathan Maren

North Carolina State University
NA
WL

Wusheng Liu

North Carolina State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

3:45pm HST

PH 1 - Catalysis of 1-Methylcyclopropene Degradation By Non-Target Materials: Metals and Metal Salts
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
1-Methylcyclopropene is a cyclic olefin that inhibits ethylene action and is released as a gas from a formulated cyclodextrin. Different concentrations of 1-MCP are used globally in the fruit industry to enhance the preservation of quality attributes. The concentrations applied cannot be considered stable due to losses to target and non-target sites within the storage or treatment room environment. Copper is used in cooling systems because it transfers heat more efficiently than many other materials, but it is also used as a catalyst for chemical modification. So, we investigated the absorption or degradation of 1-MCP by various metals, including copper. These forms included metal bars (hot and cold-rolled steel, aluminum, galvanized metal, silver, gold, stainless steel, and brass), copper pipes (polished, oxidized, and with patina) and copper salts [covellite (CuS, copper II sulfide); eriochalcite (CuCl22H2O, copper II chloride); chalcopyrite (CuFeS2, copper iron sulfide); cupric carbonate (CuCO3, copper II carbonate); chalcocite (Cu2S, copper I sulfide), cuprite (Cu2O, copper I oxide); chalcanthite (CuSO45H2O, copper sulfate); tenorite (CuO, copper II oxide), and cupric acetate (Cu(CH3CO2)2, copper II acetate)], which possessed copper atoms at different levels of oxidation. The metal pieces had a surface area of 435 cm2, and the powders weighed 1 g. We put the materials in 480-mL glass jars and added 50 μL L−1 of 1-MCP gas to the headspace. Gas concentrations were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h in both humid and dry conditions at room temperature. The loss of 1-MCP was more pronounced in humid condition than in dry condition except when exposed to cupric carbonate. While covellite, eriochalcite, and chalcopyrite caused a 1-MCP loss of over 90% within 24 h in both conditions, stainless steel, aluminum, galvanized iron mesh, silver and galvanized iron yielded a 1-MCP loss below 10%. On the other hand, the impact of copper pipes on reducing 1-MCP is evident, and the reduction of 1-MCP also increases as the oxidation level of the copper increases. Based on mass spectral analysis of the headspace in the treatment chambers, the decrease of 1-MCP appears to occur by adsorption by the materials, polymerization, and disintegration into break-down products. The implications for 1-MCP reductions in commercial treatment rooms will be discussed.
Speakers
OH

Ozge Horzum

Ankara University
NA
Co-authors
NS

Nobuko Sugimoto

Michigan State University
NA
PE

Philip Engelgau

Michigan State University
NA
RB

Randolph Beaudry

Michigan State University
Dr. Randolph Beaudry, Professor, MSU Department of Horticulture (MSc, PhD, University of Georgia). His appointment is 50% MSU Extension and 50% AgBioResearch. His research program includes both regional and international projects and focuses on the physiology of plant responses to... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 4:00pm HST
South Pacific 2

3:45pm HST

Ecophysiological Research in Support of Apple Production
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Speaker: Dr. Alan Lakso
Apple production is complex as it is a perennial plant that is highly manipulated in variable environments. Apple has a very high reproductive potential, but is limited in many cases by environment or imprecise cultural practices. Ecophysiological approaches will be reviewed, utilizing experiments, simulation modeling and new technologies that have examined physiological bases to improve productivity, fruit thinning and development, light utilization, canopy management, and water management.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Coral 5 - ASHS Hort Theater

3:59pm HST

Water Utilization and Management 2 (WUM 2)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:59pm - 6:00pm HST
Irrigation Management With Spreadsheets in Small Farms - Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira
Assessing Micro-Irrigation Clogging Risk Through Water Quality Classification Systems - Juan Cabrera Garcia
Development of an Open-source, Autonomous Irrigation Controller for Horticultural Applications - Andrew Bierer
Microbial Community Composition and Accumulation Of Biofilms In Irrigation Pipes Using Nutrient Solutions with Different Organic Loads - Juan Cabrera Garcia
ATP vs Petrifilm: Techniques to Quantify Microbial Communities for Water Quality Analysis - Dharti Thakulla
Water use and crop coefficients for outdoor nursery ornamentals in 15-gal containers - Gerry Spinelli
Quantification of irrigation and stormwater runoff volume, sediment load, and nutrient load when producing nursery crops - James Owen
Water Supply Resilience Through Florida-Friendly Landscaping - Michael Dukes

Moderator
avatar for Gerry Spinelli

Gerry Spinelli

University of California Cooperative Extension
Irrigation management in nurseries and greenhouses
Tuesday September 24, 2024 3:59pm - 6:00pm HST
Nautilus

4:00pm HST

WUM 2 - Irrigation Management With Spreadsheets in Small Farms
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 4:15pm HST
In the Central Serrana region, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, there is a predominance of small farms and the technological level used is still low, especially in terms of water use. Irrigation management can provide greater water use efficiency and promote optimization of crop productivity and conservation of water resources. Thus, this study aimed to implement an irrigation management program, using simplified electronic spreadsheets, for drip irrigation, based on the climatological water balance, for family-based farmers. We selected four spots located in the towns of Barra de Bom Destino; Barra de Jatibocas; Baixo Sossego and headquarters of the Itarana County, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, with drip irrigation systems, irrigating banana, arabica coffee, guava and conilon coffee crops. Irrigation management was carried out for seven months, using daily temperature and precipitation data, obtained from maximum and minimum thermometers and rain gauges, respectively. The values were collected by farmers, noted in tables and registered in electronic spreadsheets, which provided recommendations for irrigation times. In adjacent areas, irrigation was carried out according to its local traditional rule, in the way that farmers did before the implementation of management, with the purpose of comparing the volume of water used in the two forms of irrigation. The banana irrigator followed the irrigation management guidelines using the spreadsheet and, comparing the two areas, achieved a 7.5% increase in productivity and a 9.34% increase in water use efficiency. Farmers in areas with arabica coffee and guava managed irrigation, but were not organized to collect crop productivity data. For guava cultivation, an increase in fruit load was visible in the area with irrigation management. The Conilon coffee farmer did not follow the irrigation management recommendations, considering the task laborious and complicated. Irrigation management continues to be carried out on farms with banana, guava and arabica coffee. New neighboring producers expressed interest in using electronic spreadsheets. Work has been done on the development of new tools for irrigation management, using smartphones, to facilitate the task of calculating irrigation management. Therefore, it is expected that with the continuity of the work, the practice of irrigation management will be more widespread among farmers and they will decide to use it.
Speakers
avatar for Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira

Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira

Full Professor, IFES campus Santa Teresa
Agronomist,Ph. D. in Agricultural Engineering. Full Professor. Irrigation, Agrometeorology, Horticulture, Coffee Crop.
Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 4:15pm HST
Nautilus

4:00pm HST

AI Innovation for Horticulture - Part 1
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Sponsoring Professional Interest Groups
Technology: Coordinator Milt McGiffen - milt.mcgiffen@ucr.edu
Teaching Methods: Coordinator, Kathryn Orvis – orvis@purdue.edu
Controlled Environment: Coordinator, Kent Kobayashi - kentko@hawaii.edu

Supporting Professional Interest Groups
Federal Partners: Matthew Mattia - Matthew.Mattia@usda.gov
Plant Biotech: Kedong Da - kda@ncsu.edu
Ornamentals/Landscape and Turf; Youping Sun - youping.sun@usu.edu
Local Food Systems: Charles H. Parrish II - chip.parrish@pm.me

Artificial intelligence and related topics, e.g., robotics, have been a long time coming in agriculture. For decades there have been predictions of intelligent robots replacing humans, and large farms run by a few humans with many autonomous tractors and other devices. But with the now widespread use of artificial intelligence in everyday life,
the moment has arrived. We developed this colloquium by casting a wide net out to all the Professional Interest Group Chairs, and have assembled talks and demonstrations from general topics to specific applications.

Two online meetings were held, where Professional Interest Groups officers and those interested suggested speakers and discussed topics. Further discussions over email helped fill in the details to create this colloquium.

We will have a block of speakers for the diverse topics we present below, as well as panel discussions on how AI is and can be incorporated into various aspects of Horticulture, so that there is ample time for questions and discussion.

Title: Overview of the Colloquium

Speaker: Milt McGiffen, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences,
University of California, Riverside, CA.

AI in Ornamentals

Title: FloraCount: An App for Rapid Assessment of Pollinator Attractiveness to Annuals and Perennial Plants.

Description: Customers are interested in buying annuals and perennials that support pollinators. Protocols for rapid assessment in flower trail evaluations are not available. We have developed a mobile app that can be used to analyze in real time the users’ observational data and quantitatively rank the relative utility of observed cultivars to pollinator communities. This app takes into account pollinator groups, relevant floral characteristics and landscape.

Presenter: Harland Patch
Assistant Research Professor
Department of Entomology
Penn State University
549 Ag Sciences & Industries Building
University Park, PA 16802

Title: Approach to Biodiversity Protection: Employing AI and IoT Systems for the
Containment of Box Tree Moth Proliferation.


Description: The box tree moth (BTM, Cydalima perspectalis) is an invasive pest first confirmed in Niagara County, New York in 2021. This invasive pest can significantly damage and potentially kill boxwood (Buxus species) plants if left unchecked. This presentation describes our advances in combining deep learning algorithms for enhanced computer vision with IoT-enabled smart traps, to facilitate the early detection and continuous monitoring of BTM populations and to protect the prevalent ornamental boxwood in U.S. landscapes.

Presenter: Yanqiu Yang (she/her)
Ph.D. Graduate Research Assistant
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Pennsylvania State University
3 Agricultural Engineering Building
University Park, PA 16802

Title: Landscapes from Words: The Future of Landscape Design with AI.

Description: The ongoing text-to-graphic artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has the potential to change the field of Landscape Architecture dramatically. The ability to produce original high-quality graphics, manipulate the viewer's perspective of images, and amend the rendering style through text inputs are significant advancements that will
inform new design process models. These changes can lead to expanded design exploration, improved accessibility for non-designers to contribute to creating visual concepts, enhanced ability to integrate data analysis and visualizations, and streamlined collaboration between clients and project stakeholders using a shared visual language. This talk focuses on two dimensions of change that may result from the rapid evolution of text-to-graphic AI, including (1) faster iterations and exploration of design options and (2) the advancement of methods that result in more inclusive and responsive design. In the classroom, students are just beginning to acknowledge the existence of text-to-graphic AI, which allows them to experiment with text-based design options that allow them to quickly visualize and explore a wide range of site program alternatives. Nevertheless, how do we manage the ethical and creative boundaries within an academic setting? In a research context, methods supporting rapid manipulation of both generated images and existing landscape photography represent advances that allow for greater collaboration surrounding landscape design decisions (Incorporating resilience strategies, protecting vernacular landscape elements that support a sense of place, or representing new design proposals that modify the landscape). These approaches allow stakeholders to gain remarkable advances in influencing the design process through shared visualization development. However, as with any emerging technology, practitioners, educators, and researchers need to respond to the challenges presented by text-to-graphic AI by developing and testing new design process models and public engagement techniques that can improve landscape decision-making and streamline collaboration.

Presenter: Aaron Thompson
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
Purdue University
625 Ag Mall Drive
West Lafayette, IN 47906

Title: Developing Guidelines for Extension’s Use of ChatGPT and Other Generative AI
Tools.


Description: A new technological era marked by the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has necessitated the need to navigate this domain with a compass of ethicality, safety, and effectiveness. Penn State’s experience developing guidelines for Extension’s use of
generative AI tools which will be shared and discussed.

Presenter: Michael Masiuk
Assistant Director – Horticulture Programs
Penn State Extension
342 Agricultural Administration Building
University Park, PA 16802

Panel: 30 minute panel with the above speakers, to allow time for Q&A and discussion.


Moderator Speakers
KD

Kent D. Kobayashi

Interim Dept. Chair, TPSS Dept., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
avatar for Harland Patch

Harland Patch

Penn State University
Dr. Harland Patch focuses his current research on understanding the behavioral and molecular mechanisms associated with pollinator host plant choice, and the structure of plant-pollinator communities. Dr. Patch is also involved in ongoing projects to determine the interacting causes... Read More →
KO

Kathryn Orvis

Professor, Purdue Univ
avatar for Yanqiu Yang

Yanqiu Yang

PhD candidate, The Pennsylvania State University
Yanqiu YangFounder & AI Lead Engineer at bioWatch | PhD Candidate at PSU | President-Elect of the Ag & Bio Engineering Graduate Student Council (GSC)Hi there! I’m Yanqiu, and I’m on a mission to bring cutting-edge technology to the fields and orchards. As the Founder & AI Lead... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Coral 3

4:00pm HST

Scholars Ignite
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Competition Entry https://ashs.org/page/SIEntry

The Graduate Student Activities Committee hosts this competition to allow graduate students members (both MS and PhD) a fun and exciting way to communicate the impact of their research projects and scholarly activities.
Graduate students make compelling presentations in three minutes using no more than one single PowerPoint slide or visual aid. The purpose of the presentation is to generate awareness, stimulate thought, and inspire attendees to appreciate the breadth and depth of horticultural research and scholarly activities. Graduate students will meet other students and scientists, learn about an array of research topics and other creative and scholarly activities across ASHS, and most importantly have fun!

The competition is designed similar to other popular three to five minute thesis and research presentation events (e.g. Three minute thesis, ‘Ignite’ or Scholars’ Studio) occurring around the globe, and done especially well in Australia, British Columbia, and the University of Washington.

Winners will receive a cash award of $500, $250, and $100 for the top three places, respectively.
The winners are announced at the Student Awards Night.
Students must enter by the deadline of Sept 1st. 
Applicants may use only one Introductory Slide (using the ASHS provided template) and one Presentation Slide for a total of 2 slides. The Introductory Slide must follow the format of the template and include Title of Presentation (Calibri 44 bold), Student’s Name (Calibri 32 bold), Advisor(s) Name (Calibri 28) and Institution’s Name (Calibri 28). The Presentation Slide must be one single page without any animation. Students may use any color, background or font for their Presentation Slide but not for the Introductory Slide. Slides need to be in the 16:9 format. Both slides must be presented in 3 minutes. Once the student reaches the podium the timer will start and after 3 minutes we will move to the next student.

Moderator
RF

Rhuanito Ferrarezi

Associate Professor, University of Georgia
Speakers
avatar for Jashanpreet Kaur

Jashanpreet Kaur

Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Georgia
Hello! I am a 2nd-year master's student in the Food Science and Technology Department at the University of Georgia. My current research focuses on utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC−MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) based metabolomics to identify... Read More →
NA

Neus Alcon Bou

University of Florida
avatar for Ben Wiseman

Ben Wiseman

PhD Student and Research Assistant, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
I'm a PhD student studying organic pest management, specifically cover crops for nematode control in sweetpotato production in Hawaii.  Before my PhD program, I studied postharvest management of breadfruit.  Looking forward to meeting you!
TO

Taiwo Owolanke

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Georgia
OG

Orestis Giannopoulos

University of Georgia
AN

ASMITA NAGILA

Graduate Research Assistant, Texas A&M university
avatar for Apphia Santy

Apphia Santy

Graduate Student, Mississippi State University
Hello! I'm passionate about the world of horticulture and am eager to explore and discuss various opportunities within the industry. I am particularly interested in pursuing a PhD in horticulture, with a specialization in either specialty crops or ornamentals. Additionally, I have... Read More →
MA

Mary Ann Munda

Louisiana State University
avatar for Lisa Arce

Lisa Arce

Graduate Student, Louisiana State University
I am a PhD candidate focused on optimizing nutrient requirements for sweetpotatoes through advanced molecular techniques. My research utilizes expression data from qPCR assays and RNA sequencing to uncover genotype-specific responses to varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and... Read More →
PS

Prerna Sabharwal

PhD Student, University of Florida
NA
BM

Byron Manzanero

Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida
My name is Byron Manzanero a Ph.D. Candidate in plant breeding.
avatar for Saroj Burlakoti

Saroj Burlakoti

Utah State University
HW

Haley Williams

Mississippi State University
PV

Prudhvi Vulchi

University of Florida, CREC
GK

Gurleen Kaur

CREC, University of Florida
GC

Gasselle Cordova

University of Florida
avatar for Min Jeong Kang

Min Jeong Kang

Graduate Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Hello! I am a 5th year Ph.D. candidate in the Food Science and Technology Department at the University of Georgia.My research interests are Metabolomics, using Machine Learning Algorithms to discover the biomarkers. My recent work involves evaluating pecan quality, looking at biomarkers... Read More →
avatar for Mae Ann Bravo

Mae Ann Bravo

Louisiana State University
JH

Jessica Hutchinson

University of Maine
avatar for Suyun Nam

Suyun Nam

PhD student, University of Georgia
MH

Matthew Housley

Research Paraprofessional, Graduate Student, University of Georgia
avatar for Marissa Barbosa

Marissa Barbosa

Lousiana State University
GS

Gursewak Singh

Graduate Research Assistant, Clemson University
avatar for Oluwatunmise Israel Dada

Oluwatunmise Israel Dada

Graduate Research Assistant, Washington State University
A Ph.D. Candidate passionate about the natural environment and sustainable solutions.
avatar for Emilio Suarez Romero

Emilio Suarez Romero

Research Assistant, University of Georgia
KL

Katelyn Lust-Moore

University of Arkansas
KP

Kriti Poudel

University of Georgia
MP

Monika Peddapuli

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
MM

Meryam Manzoor

University of Florida
avatar for Madigan Eckels

Madigan Eckels

Utah State University
NA
avatar for Kerington Bass

Kerington Bass

Graduate Student, Mississippi State University
Originally from Louisiana Nontraditional ag background Interested in horticulture of specialty crops or ornamentals Highly interested in Controlled Environment Agriculture Looking for job opportunities Looking for opportunities to learn a second language 

Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Coral 2

4:00pm HST

Interest Group Session: Plant Intellectual Property
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
ASHS Intellectual Property Interest Group Session
Proposal Proposed by: Fruit Breeding Interest Group and Intellectual Property Interest Group

Plant intellectual property is an important topic for plant breeders, universities and private companies who handle the release and exchange of plant materials. On the one hand, properly protecting new cultivars is critical to protect the genetic integrity of the genotype and credit the developer. On the other hand, understanding the types of intellectual property laws relevant to plants is important for breeders/researchers to exchange materials for collaborative evaluation and development. Therefore, this interest group session will focus on plant intellectual protection and material transfer. We will invite speakers from public and private plant breeding programs as well as experts on intellectual property laws to share their knowledge and advice on following areas: Domestic plant protection, International plant protection, Domestic plant material transfer, and International plant material transfer. The topic of intellectual property was voted by members of both interest groups (Fruit Breeding Interest Group and Intellectual Property Interest Group) as a high priority area. This session will greatly benefit plant breeders, researchers, and intellectual property officers.

Coordinator(s)
  • Sushan Ru, Auburn University, Auburn, United States

    Moderator(s)
  • Julia Harshman, Duda Farm Fresh Foods, United States

Speakers/Participant(s) (15 minutes talk, 5 minutes Q & A)
4:00 – 4:10 pm Introduction and Welcome & Presenting the Outstanding Fruit Cultivar Award

4:10 – 4:30 pm Matthew Clark, Associate Professor & Apple and grape Breeder, University of Minnesota

4:30 – 4:50 pm Neil Anderson, Professor & Ornamental Crop Breeder, University of Minnesota

4:50 – 5:10 pm Fred Gmitter Professor & Citrus Breeder, University of Florida
Title: University of Florida Citrus Breeding Team Experiences and Lessons in IP Management.

5:10 – 5:30 pm Megan Bowman, Corporate Patent and Trademark Lead at Ball Horticultural Company
Title: Intellectual Property in Horticulture: Industry Insights

5:30 – 5: 40 pm David Karp, University of California, Riverside.
David will likely give a summary of his talk on Pomological Nomenclature: Recent Developments and Problems.

5:40 - 6:00 pm Group discussion
Moderator Speakers
SR

Sushan Ru

Auburn University
avatar for Matthew Clark

Matthew Clark

Associate Professor, University of Minnesota
NA

Neil Anderson

University of Minnesota
FG

Fred Gmitter

University of Florida
MB

Megan Bowman

Ball Horticultural Company
DK

David Karp

University of California, Riverside
Co-authors
CA

Chiara Amitrano

University of Naple
NA
PA

Patrick Abeli

Kansas State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
South Pacific 1

4:00pm HST

Interest Group Session: Restoration and Utilization Efforts of Germplasms and Wild Crop Relatives at the USDA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Leveraging the inherent genetic diversity conserved in plant resource collections is key to new crops, new cultivars, and adapted germplasm with improved traits that provide food security for a growing population, remain productive amidst rapid climate change, meet shifting consumer demands, and enhance sustainability and efficiency. The USDA National Plant Germplasm System manages large and genetically diverse plant collections representing crop plant species and many of crop wild relatives (CWR) that have significant impacts on crop production. In this Special Topic Session hosted by the Federal Partners Interest Group, scientists of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) will discuss the current efforts and future perspectives on the restoration and utilization of germplasms and CWR at the USDA with a special focus on fruit, nut, and beverage crops.

Coordinator(s)
  • Lisa Tang, USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
Moderator(s)
  • Lisa Tang, USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
  • Matthew Mattia, USDA-ARS U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
Speaker/Participant(s)
  • Lisa Tang, USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
    Introduction of the Federal Partners special session (5 mins)
  • Gayle Volk, USDA, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
    The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Strategic Plan: A roadmap to conserve and utilize U. S. plant genetic resources (15 mins)
    Summary: The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) conserves more than 620, 000 accessions of plant genetic resources of crops and crop wild relatives which annually distribute 200, 000+ samples globally. As directed by the 2018 Farm Bill, an NPGS Strategic Plan was developed to address the backlogs in maintenance, characterization, and to enhance utilization. This presentation will provide information about the impacts of the NPGS and details about the NPGS Strategic Plan, which, when funded, will result in: 1) More plant germplasm maintained disease-free, securely backed up, and readily available; 2) Expanded knowledge of the intrinsic genetic variation and high-value traits in NPGS collections; and 3) New plant germplasm with valuable traits acquired, safeguarded and developed. This presentation is authored by Gayle M. Volk (USDA), Marilyn L. Warburton (USDA), Moira Sheehan (Cornell University), Christina Walters (USDA), Stacey Estrada (USDA), Glenn Hanes (USDA), Jim McFerson (USDA), and Peter K. Bretting (USDA-retired).
  • Chris Gottschalk, USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
    Into the wild: utilization of wild crop relatives the USDA ARS apple pre-breeding program (15 mins)
    Summary:
  • Nahla Bassil, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR, United States
    Crop wild relatives of temperate fruits at the Corvallis Genebank: Uses and prospects (10 mins)
    Summary:
  • Michael Hardigan, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States
    Crop wild relatives of temperate fruits at the Corvallis Genebank: Uses and prospects (10 mins)
    Summary:
  • Tracie Matsumoto, USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research Unit, Hilo, HI, United States
    Sub-Tropical/tropical Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Clonal Repository in Hilo, Hawaii (15 mins)
    Summary: The National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Tropical Fruit, Nut and Beverage Crops is located in Hilo, Hawaii and is a part of the National Germplasm Repository System and USDA ARS DKI PBARC Tropical Plant and Genetic Resources Unit. The repository is responsible for collecting, maintaining, evaluating, and distributing germplasm of tropical/subtropical fruit and nut crops. Crops include Pineapple (Ananas), Breadfruit (Artocarpus), Starfruit (Averrhoa), Peach palm (Bactris), Pili nut (Canarium), Papaya (Carica and Vasconcellea), Coffee (Coffea) Longan (Dimocarpus), Litchi (Litchi), Macadamia (Macadamia), Acerola (Malpighia), Rambutan and Pulasan (Nephelium), and Guava (Psidium). In addition to the field and greenhouse collections, we are actively investigating new methods to propagate and effectively manage the collections. We work to characterize the collection for resistance to pest and diseases and genetically characterize the germplasm to determine potential gaps for future collections.
  • Qingyi Yu, USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Plant Genetic Resources and Disease Research Unit, Hilo, HI, United States
    Exploring germplasm diversity to understand the domestication process of papaya (15 mins)
    Summary: Papaya (Carica papaya L.), originating and domesticated in southern Mexico and Central America, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to its nutritional benefits and the commercially significant proteolytic enzyme, papain. While wild papaya yields small, seedy fruits with minimal edible flesh, domesticated papaya varieties can weigh over five pounds. Wild papaya populations are exclusively dioecious, whereas cultivated papaya is predominantly gynodioecious, although certain dioecious cultivars exist. In this study, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 86 diverse papaya accessions, comprising 63 cultivars and 23 wild accessions. To identify regions undergoing selection during domestication and improvement, we scanned for areas exhibiting a drastic reduction in nucleotide diversity in cultivars compared to wild accessions. Our results suggest that papaya domestication involved selecting fruit quality traits such as taste and flesh color. Moreover, we re-sequenced the male-specific region of the Y (MSY) in 24 wild males and the hermaphrodite-specific region of the Yh chromosome (HSY) in 12 cultivated hermaphrodites. The Yh sequence is highly similar to one Y haplotype (MSY3), exclusive to wild dioecious populations in the north Pacific region of Costa Rica. The low MSY3-Yh divergence suggests that hermaphrodite papaya resulted from human domestication.

Moderator
LT

Lisa Tang

USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station
Speakers
avatar for Christopher Gottschalk

Christopher Gottschalk

USDA ARS
During his Ph.D. studies, Dr. Gottschalk studied the molecular mechanisms that control flowering in apple as they relate to seasonal bloom times and biennial/alternate bearing in diverse apple germplasm, from wild species to cultivated varieties. Moreover, he investigated plant growth... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:00pm - 6:00pm HST
Kahili

4:14pm HST

Root Growth and Rhizosphere Dynamics (RHIZ)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 5:30pm HST
Investigating the Effect of Pecan Rootstock on Rhizosphere Soil and Root Microbial Communities - Xinwang Wang
Enhancing Urban Food Production: A Multi-Omics Investigation of Microbe-Mediated Soil Improvement and Plant Nutrition in New York City Farms - Yejin Son
The Effect of Reclaimed Water on Young Blueberry Seedling Root Architecture Using Rhizotron Technique - Yasmeen Saleem
Root Characterization Analysis of Navajo Peach Seedlings - Reagan Wytsalucy
Characterizing Root Dynamics and Phenology of Hops in a Subtropical Climate Using an In-situ Root Imaging System - Alvaro J. Bautista
Effects of Reclaimed Water on Blueberry Seedling Growth and Root Morphology - Yasmeen Saleem
Moderator
avatar for Yejin Son

Yejin Son

PhD Candidate, Cornell University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 5:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

4:14pm HST

Ecological Physiology 1 (EcoPhys 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 6:00pm HST
Evaluating Plasticity and Acclimation of Linked Hydraulic Traits of Different Taxa Across a Climatic Gradient in the Western U.S. - Amelia Keyser Gibson
Climate Ready Stomata: Stomata Morphology and Physiology Varies Across Western US Sites and Irrigation Deficit Treatments in Rosa and Hibiscus syriacus Cultivars - Miro Stuke
Ice Formation and Progression in Rhododendron, and a Mechanistic Hypothesis for Winter Thermonasty of Leaves - Rajeev Arora
Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits and Buds' Freezing Survival Strategies Among Prunus Species - Camilo Villouta
Potential Genes Involved in the Adaptation of Potato to Long Term Heat Stress - Jiwan Palta
Species-specific Differences in Leaf Photosynthetic Rate when Substituting Far-red Light for PAR Photons - John Ertle
Investigating Dormancy and Germination Characteristics to Promote Restoration Success in the Northern Great Plains - Bret Lang
Moderator
JE

John Ertle

PP Systems
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 6:00pm HST
Coral 1

4:14pm HST

Vegetable Breeding 1 (VGBR 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 6:00pm HST
Genome-wide Association Study and Genome Prediction of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Spinach - Kenani Chiwina
Spinach Seed for Grain Consumption: Feasibility and Potential for Genetic Improvement - Carlos Avila
Progress and Insights Into Downy Mildew Resistance Mapping Efforts in Spinach - Gehendra Bhattarai
Screening Baby Leaf Salad Greens for Downy Mildew Resistance - Shunping Ding
Detection of Novel Lettuce Fusarium Wilt Pathogenic Variants in California - Santosh Nayak
Unraveling Gene Regulation on the Interaction of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot. - Byron Manzanero
Exploring Physiological Traits as Predictors of Heat Content in Chile Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) - Muhammad Ibrar Khan

Moderator
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:14pm - 6:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

4:15pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Evaluating Plasticity and Acclimation of Linked Hydraulic Traits of Different Taxa Across a Climatic Gradient in the Western U.S.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Increasing drought conditions and variable water availability under climate change impact plant productivity, ecosystem function and the global carbon cycle, with many species-level responses remaining unknown. Variation in response and ability to acclimate to decreased water availability differs among plant species and across biomes. This project utilized a preexisting water deficit trial of horticultural taxa across sites in the Western U.S. to assess the interactions between acclimation to climate and water availability across a growing season. Four focal taxa, Physocarpus ‘Diabolo’, P. ‘Little Devil’, Cercis canadensis and C. occidentalis shared across three locations in Washington, Oregon and Utah were measured for physiological and hydraulic traits on the leaf and stem scale in response to irrigation treatment. The cultivars of Physocarpus are popular landscape shrubs known for their distinctive purple foliage yet understudied physiologically. C. occidentalis and C. canadensis have distinct native ranges, with the former originating west of the Rocky Mountains while the latter is east coast in origin, thus their performance was compared across these western U.S. sites. Full gas exchange, specific leaf area, 13C isotope discrimination, hydraulic conductivity, stomatal conductance, ΦPSII, were analyzed and water use efficiency was calculated each taxon at each location. Impacts of site, treatment, taxa and change across the growing season were analyzed on this suite of traits. Results show distinctions in water use strategy by climatic location (p: 1e-05) and between closely related species and cultivars. Additionally, physiological measurements indicate measurable physiological plasticity across the growing season. These findings indicate the importance of setting on the ability of different plant cultivars to acclimate to water stress, taxa-level differences among horticulturally important species, and overall knowledge of plant drought response, knowledge gaps that are crucial to address in the face of anthropogenic climate change.
Speakers
AK

Amelia Keyser-Gibson

University of Washington
Co-authors
DH

Darren Haver

South Coast Research and Extension Center
NA
JS

Jared Sisneroz

University of California, Davis
LN

Lloyd Nackley

Oregon State University
Lloyd Nackley is a plant ecologist who applies a systems approach to improve nursery and greenhouse management. Nackley's research program at Oregon State University focuses on addressing four challenges facing nursery and greenhouse production in Oregon: irrigation application, pest... Read More →
LO

Loren Oki

University of California, Davis
MS

Miro Stuke

University of Washington
SH

Soo Hyung Kim

University of Washington
US

Ursula Schuch

University of Arizona
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Coral 1

4:15pm HST

RHIZ - Investigating the Effect of Pecan Rootstock on Rhizosphere Soil and Root Microbial Communities
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Pecans (Carya illinoinensis), the most valuable native North American nut crop, are commonly propagated through grafting to maintain desired traits from parent trees. Successful pecan cultivation relies on scion varieties, rootstocks, and soil conditions. This study investigated the microbial abundance and diversity in soils and roots of a southern rootstock (87MX5-1.7) and a northern provenance ('Peruque') in a rootstock test orchard, both grafted with a 'Pawnee' scion cultivar in the USDA ARS Pecan Breeding program. The 16S ribosomal RNA of bacteria and ITS of fungi were sequenced and annotated into trophic and nutrient-related groups to characterize the rhizosphere microbiota. The results showed fungal dominance over bacteria, with Peruque roots having a higher relative abundance of saprotroph fungi compared to 87MX5-1.7, while 87MX5-1.7 exhibited higher levels of nitrogen fixation-related bacteria. Despite no significant difference in diversity index, the presence of symbiotrophs, especially the ectomycorrhizal fungi, exhibited distinct ectomycorrhizal fungi, which may lead to a divergent pathway of nutrient translocation between these two rootstocks. The study suggests rootstocks from different origins shape rhizosphere microbiota differently, affecting nutrient uptake and potentially nut yield. Exploring rootstock-fungi combinations could enhance grafting success and ultimately increase nut yield.
Speakers
avatar for Xinwang Wang

Xinwang Wang

Plant Geneticist, USDA ARS
Co-authors
BT

Braden Tondre

USDA ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center
NA
LZ

Lu Zhang

Oklahoma State University
TX

Tingying Xu

Oklahoma State University
NA
WR

Wei Ren

Oklahoma State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

4:15pm HST

VGBR 1 - Genome-wide Association Study and Genome Prediction of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Spinach
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., poses a significant threat to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) production, necessitating genetic resistance as the primary defense against this disease. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to Verticillium wilt resistance in spinach and to evaluate genomic prediction for disease resistance. GWAS utilized a panel of 98 spinach germplasm accessions and 20,742 SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing. Various statistical models, including GLM, MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK, were employed using the GAPIT 3 tool for analysis. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions on chromosome 6 were found to be significantly associated with Verticillium wilt resistance. Specifically, SNP SOVchr6_29382746 at 29,382,746 bp and three SNPs (SOVchr6_86904401, SOVchr6_86906249, and SOVchr6_86906255) at 86,904,401 bp and 86,906,249 bp, respectively, demonstrated notable associations with disease resistance. Genomic prediction exhibited high accuracy, with a prediction ability (GA) represented by an r value of 0.95 for the panel. The identified SNP markers, along with the high prediction ability, offer valuable tools for breeders to select Verticillium wilt-resistant spinach plants and lines through molecular breeding, incorporating marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) strategies.
Speakers
KC

Kenani Chiwina

University of Arkansas
NA
Co-authors
avatar for Ainong Shi

Ainong Shi

Associate Professor, University of Arkasnas
Dr. Ainong Shi is a faculty member in the Department of Horticulture at the University of Arkansas. His research laboratory specializes in plant breeding and genetics, particularly focusing on vegetable crops such as arugula, cowpea, and spinach for cultivar and germplasm development... Read More →
BM

Beiquan Mou

USDA-ARS
NA
HX

Haizheng Xiong

University of Arkansas
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
South Pacific 3

4:15pm HST

WUM 2 - Assessing Micro-Irrigation Clogging Risk Through Water Quality Classification Systems
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Clogging poses significant economic risks in greenhouse micro-irrigation systems. While water quality classification systems aim to assess the overall risk of clogging in micro-irrigation systems, they haven’t been evaluated for their ability to predict potential clogging based on water quality characteristics, particularly in controlled environment agriculture. Understanding these causes can inform robust thresholds and effective water management strategies to mitigate economic risks associated with clogging. This project aimed to evaluate if the existing classification systems could be used to identify the cause of clogging in micro-irrigation systems in greenhouses. Water from eight commercial greenhouses with reported clogging was analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological properties to rate the risk of clogging according to the classification systems. In general, iron and manganese from the fertilizers and high microbial load resulted in high ratings. However, the ratings lacked insight into the specific causes of clogging, disregarding interactions among chemical and microbial factors and qualitative characteristics of specific microbial phenotypes (e.g., production of polysaccharides or iron oxidation) that lead to clogging. Furthermore, the systems overemphasize nutrient levels typically used in greenhouse fertigation as the cause of clogging—which is not commonly observed in practice. Enhancing these systems requires parameters that reflect interactions among water quality parameters and the influence of microbial traits on clogging. Further research needs to develop these parameters in new systems with robust and precise thresholds in which emitter performance, profitability, and sustainability are affected.
Speakers
avatar for Juan Cabrera-Garcia

Juan Cabrera-Garcia

Research Assistant Professor & State Extension Specialist, University of Missouri
My extension program focuses on providing research-based resources, trainings, and tools to beginning and established specialty crop growers. Check our programs focused on controlled environment agriculture (Veteran Farmers (umkc.edu)) and commercial horticulture (Commercial Hort... Read More →
Co-authors
MT

Mayra Toro Herrera

University of Connecticut
RR

Rosa Raudales

University of Connecticut
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 4:30pm HST
Nautilus

4:15pm HST

Marketing and Economics Interest Group Meeting
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 5:00pm HST
Moderator
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:15pm - 5:00pm HST
Sea Pearl 3

4:29pm HST

Organic Horticulture 1 (ORGH 1)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:29pm - 5:45pm HST
Assessing Producers’ Interest and Barriers in the Transition to Organic Principles - Brenton Breland
Merging Traditional Ecological Knowledge with Modern Organic Practices: A Case Study in Participatory Research - Erin Silva
Growing Urban Organic Farms in Iowa: New Initiatives and Support - Kathleen Delate
Bridging the Gap: Culinary Breeding Network Facilitates Collaboration in Variety Development - Lane Selman
Metabolomic Analysis Provides Novel Insight Into the Evaluation of Organic Tomato Fruits - Jashanpreet Kaur
Moderator
ES

Erin Silva

UW-Madison
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:29pm - 5:45pm HST
Lehua Suite

4:30pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Climate Ready Stomata: Stomata Morphology and Physiology Varies Across Western US Sites and Irrigation Deficit Treatment
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Stomatal morphology dictates the maximum stomatal conductance and relates to plant water use efficiency and carbon assimilation rate. Aspects of stomatal morphology, including size characteristics and density, are plastic in some taxa, can respond to environmental stressors, and are thought to be relevant in drought acclimation within an individual. The Climate Ready Landscape Plants (CRLP) trial consists of 6 sites across the Western U.S. that have installed common garden drought experiments that utilized daily ETo to implement three water deficit treatments. Stomatal conductance and stomatal images were collected from 3 cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus and 3 cultivars of Rosa spp. from 4 of these sites: Seattle, WA; Aurora, OR; Davis, CA; and Irvine, CA. Stomatal images were measured to determine stomatal density and size, which was used to calculate gsmax. Differences between stomatal traits were tested between sites and water deficit treatments using ANOVA. Correlation between gsw and gsmax were determined with regression analysis. PCA was used to determine which site characteristics and treatments primarily explain observed differences. Here we aim to test 1) Are stomatal morphological traits plastic across water deficit treatments and sites in multiple Rosa and Hibiscus syriacus varieties? 2) Does measured stomatal conductance (gsw) correlate with morphologically derived anatomical maximums (gsmax)? 3) Do site characteristics across the maritime Western US predict physiological and morphological stomatal traits? Findings reveal important ecological and horticultural considerations in plant stress response to drought and acclimation potential across an environmental and latitudinal gradient. The results can help in plant selection and categorization of species vulnerability, based on ability to manipulate stomatal characteristics in response to water deficit.
Speakers
MS

Miro Stuke

University of Washington
Co-authors
JS

Jared Sisneroz

University of California Davis
LN

Lloyd Nackley

Oregon State University
NA
LO

Lorence Oki

University of California Davis
NL

Natalie Levy

University of California South Coast Research and Extension Center
NA
RC

Ryan Contreras

Oregon State University
SH

Soo Hyung Kim

University of Washington
YS

Youping Sun

Utah State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Coral 1

4:30pm HST

ORGH 1 - Assessing Producers’ Interest and Barriers in the Transition to Organic Principles
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
In the changing landscape of horticulture, sustainability and organic practices have taken center stage. As of the 2021 USDA Organic Certified Survey, 17,445 certified organic farms representing 4,895,279 acres operated in the United States. Our research aims to understand the motivations and barriers that producers encounter when transitioning from conventional to organic production. Mississippi State University partnered with the University of Nebraska – Lincoln as part of the USDA AMS Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) whose focus is on supporting mentorships, helping overcome barriers, and educating producers. Following a TOPP-sponsored workshop in November 2023, it was noted that both beginning and experienced farmers were very interested in the process of transitioning to organic production. Participants noted their decision to transition was “very much influenced” by economics, market demand, environmental concern, health, and ethics. A review of literature revealed that, while there is a significant body of research on sustainable practices, there remains a gap in understanding the challenges that producers face. To bridge this gap and address the key findings from our workshop, a 43-question national survey was developed. It addressed motivations and barriers while also gathering demographic data to contextualize responses. Producers were questioned about cover crops, crop rotation, no-till farming, and composting among other practices. Social, environmental, and technical concerns were also addressed. Responses included motivations driven by environmental consciousness as it relates to soil health, reduced synthetic chemical inputs, and the goal of improving and maintaining biodiversity on their farms reiterating our previous findings. Producers indicated that they are encouraged by the amount of information available concerning organic production practices; however, they noted a knowledge-implementation gap. Financial constraints and space limitations were also concerns. The survey functions as the inception point for a case study following a beginning farmer in Calhoun City, Mississippi as they adopt organic principles in a region where the use of these growing practices is less than common. The insights gathered from the workshop, national survey, and case study will guide the understanding of producers’ motivations and will serve to inform policymakers, extension services, and the horticulture community at large. This ongoing project and its explorations are not only timely but also critical in shaping a future where horticulture aligns with the ethos of conservation and social equity.
Speakers
BB

Brenton Breland

Mississippi State University
Co-authors
CC

Christine Coker

Mississippi State University
RS

Ronald Stephenson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Lehua Suite

4:30pm HST

RHIZ - Enhancing Urban Food Production: A Multi-Omics Investigation of Microbe-Mediated Soil Improvement and Plant Nutrition in New York City Farms
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Urban agriculture (UA) is an emerging food production system in which farmers grow crops within cities. However, many urban farmers face challenges with their compost soils, including poor soil structure and low nutrient availability. This study aimed to utilize beneficial microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), to address soil aggregation and biological phosphorus (P) cycling in UA soils while also assisting urban farmers in generating higher economic returns. We cultivated Bush Champion II Hybrid Tomatoes (an indeterminate tomato cultivar) in three organic urban farms in New York City in 2022 under four different treatments: 1) Control tomatoes, which were not treated with PSB or AMF; 2) Tomatoes treated with PSB; 3) Tomatoes treated with AMF; and 4) tomatoes treated with PSB and AMF. Our hypothesis posited that the positive interactions of PSB and AMF would synergistically enhance soil phosphorus cycling and carbon accumulation and, thereby, promote plant growth and nutrition. Our findings indicate that the combined application of AMF and PSB increased the overall abundance of soil microbiomes, as measured by flow cytometry. There was also an increase in the production of soil-aggregating proteins and soil acid phosphatase activity. Additionally, the nutrient uptake by tomatoes, including calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P), was enhanced. We also employed omics approaches using deep sequencing metagenomics and metaproteomics to generate meaningful insights into how AMF and PSB interacted with soil native microbial populations and defined soil microbiome functions. Our findings offer novel insights into the characteristics and functions of soil microbiomes in UA soils. This knowledge will contribute to advancing the potential of beneficial microbes in enhancing food production within urban agriculture systems.
Speakers
avatar for Yejin Son

Yejin Son

PhD Candidate, Cornell University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
South Pacific 4

4:30pm HST

VGBR 1 - Spinach Seed for Grain Consumption: Feasibility and Potential for Genetic Improvement
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Spinach production is constantly challenged by endemic diseases that significantly reduce producers’ income. Even when resistant cultivars and cultural practices are used, mild disease damage can happen, negatively affecting quality and therefore reducing its commercial value. In contrast, under those conditions, spinach could still produce seed for grain with valuable nutritional content that can fetch premium prices for the gluten-free niche markets. This project evaluated grain production as an additional source of income by assessing yield potential, nutritional quality, and economic feasibility and potential for improvement. A total of ~200 USDA-NPGS accessions were evaluated for GWAS. For all nineteen amino acids evaluated, a wide range in content was observed. E.g. aspartic acid population mean was 106.5 nmol/g with a minimum of 36.2 nmol/g and a maximum of 353.9 nmol/g. Similar results were observed for all eight minerals evaluated. E.g. K population mean was 9,998.1 mg/kg with a minimum of 3,227 mg/kg and a maximum of 24,770 mg/Kg. High diversity can be used to improve nutritional content in spinach seed. Several SNP markers associated with amino acid and mineral content were identified in more than one nutrient, indicating pleiotropic genetic control. Furthermore, protein digestibility tests indicate that spinach provides ~50% of all amino acids required in the diet as compared with Amaranth and Quinoa protein in grain that provided ~20% of all amino acid required. Therefore, indicating spinach grain has a higher nutritional content as compared with highly demanded Amaranth and Quinoa grains. Finally, a partial budgeting approach was used to assess the economic feasibility of producing spinach seeds for grain. The added costs totaled US$ 218.71/ac, including custom harvesting (US$ 24/ac), an additional application of fertilizers (US$ 17.36/ac) and fungicide (US$ 62.54/ac), extra irrigation costs (US$ 60.63), and US$ 54.18/ac in associated interest on production expenses. The break-even price of seeds was estimated to be equal to US$ 0.20/lb when the average experimental yield was considered (i.e., 1,089lbs/ac). Producing seed for grain could expand the farmer portfolio, increase farmed acreage, and fringe products.
Speakers Co-authors
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
South Pacific 3

4:30pm HST

WUM 2 - Development of an Open-source, Autonomous Irrigation Controller for Horticultural Applications
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
An open-source data-driven irrigation controller, "Open_Irr", was developed by USDA-ARS as a low-cost (≤ $250 USD) entry point to autonomous irrigation installations in horticultural production and research applications. The device is reliant on granular-matrix type Watermark soil tension sensors (n≤16) from which it acts as a datalogger; sensors can be partitioned into 4 groups for water management in which readings can be used to output a logic-level signal for opening valving to initiate irrigation events. Here, we demonstrate the use of the device in research applications for imposing drought stress in containerized plantings of apple (Malus domestica). Our primary objectives were to (i) determine the utility of using granular matrix type soil tension sensors for predicting plant physiologic responses, measured by growth habit, infrared gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence, for improvement of decision support systems; and (ii) determine potential differences in cultivar performance under water deficit conditions. A trial examined performance of ‘B.9’ rootstock grafted to ‘Autumn Gala’, ‘CrimsonCrisp’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ scions at set soil matric potential thresholds for irrigation events (-25, -40, -60, and -80 kPa). A second trial examined five rootstock cultivars (‘B.10’, ‘B.9’, ‘G.11’, ‘G.935’, and ‘G.969’) grafted to a common ‘Honeycrisp’ scion as plant available water contents of the soil were theoretically progressively decreased by 5% each week. Correlation matrices between aspects of physiology and soil matric potential revealed Pearson’s r ≤ |0.43| yet further regression analysis offered potentially useful data shapes warranting further exploration. A piecewise regression suggested soil matric potential could predict, to an extent (r2 = 0.29), the rate of change in leaf water potential upon exposure to water deficit. The break-point of the piecewise regression in leaf and edaphic potentials was respectively -30.6 kPa and -0.73MPa, which may prove useful for incorporation in developing irrigation decision support systems. The pattern of stomatal response to deficit suggested enhanced stomatal regulation capacity of ‘Gala’ relative to other scions in which nonstomatal factors likely contributed to short term maintenance of photosynthetic C assimilation rates. Similarly, the ‘G.935’ rootstock demonstrated superior sensitivity to water deficit through rapid stomatal closure relative to other cultivars. Refinement of the relationships between arduous measures of physiologic function with correlated easy-to-automate proxy measures is advised for potential advancement of irrigation decision support systems.
Speakers
AB

Andrew Bierer

USDA-ARS, AFRS
Co-authors
LT

Lisa Tang

USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:30pm - 4:45pm HST
Nautilus

4:45pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Ice Formation and Progression in Rhododendron, and a Mechanistic Hypothesis for Winter Thermonasty of Leaves
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Evergreen leaves of Rhododendron species inhabiting temperate/montane climates are typically exposed to both high radiation and freezing temperatures during winter when photosynthetic biochemistry is severely inhibited. This could lead to accumulation of excess energy (radiation) in photosynthetic reaction centers causing photoinhibition or photooxidative damage. Cold-induced ‘thermonasty’, i. e. lamina rolling and petiole curling/drooping, can reduce the amount of leaf area exposed to solar radiation and has been associated with photoprotection in overwintering rhododendrons. The present study was conducted on natural, mature plantings of a cold-hardy and large-leaved thermonastic North American species (R. maximum) during winter freezes. Infrared thermography was used to determine initial sites of ice formation, patterns of ice propagation, and dynamics of the freezing process in leaves to understand the temporal and mechanistic relationship between freezing and thermonasty. Results indicated extracellular freezing in leaves always preceded the initiation or intensification of thermonasty. Ice initially formed in the vascular tissue of the midrib and then propagated into other portions of the vascular system/venation. Ice was never observed to initiate or propagate into palisade, spongy mesophyll, or epidermal tissues. These observations, together with the leaf- and petiole-histology, and a simulation of the rolling effect of dehydrated leaves using a cellulose-based, paper-bilayer system, suggest that thermonasty occurs due to anisotropic contraction of cell wall cellulose fibers of adaxial versus abaxial surface as the cells lose water to ice present in vascular tissues.
Speakers
RA

Rajeev Arora

Iowa State University
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Coral 1

4:45pm HST

ORGH 1 - Merging Traditional Ecological Knowledge with Modern Organic Practices: A Case Study in Participatory Research
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Research in plant ecology and sustainable farming advocate for increasing crop diversity on farms over monocultures. Crop diversity provides many ecosystem services, but mainstream farming relies heavily on mechanical and chemical solutions known to degrade land quality to ensure optimal yields. For centuries, Indigenous peoples in North America maintained sustainable cropping systems characterized by crop diversity and minimal inputs, such as the Three Sisters system. To integrate this knowledge into current research, we collaborated with Indigenous corn growers in Wisconsin interested in growing their traditional corn varieties with cover crops seeded between the rows. Growers are interested in knowing which cover crop mixtures synergize well with their corns while suppressing aggressive weeds. Single and mixed plantings of winter wheat, clover, and chicory/plantain were sown after corn planting while establishing a hand-weeded and weedy control. From 2021 to 2023, we found the triple mixture to lower weed biomass at the end of the season while also having the highest total relative yield, indicating cover crops in this mixture accumulated more biomass than their single plantings. No corn yield was collected in 2022, but low nutrients impacted corn yield in 2021, which was lower overall compared to the 2023 corn yield. Within 2021, weed pressure played a significant role in reducing corn yield, but the single planting of clover and winter wheat had higher yields than the control left weedy and comparable to the control with no cover crops or weeds. In 2023 all cover crop treatments and controls did not differ significantly indicating these corn varieties have a potential higher tolerance from weed or cover crop competition. Indigenous growers now have data relevant to their corn varieties and their goals to preserve their traditional food systems. The trial and error from these experiments was integral to the relationship building between UW-Madison and our Indigenous partners, creating a shared learning environment to better understand sustainable farming practices. From this project, we have developed a framework to guide agricultural research with Indigenous communities centered on the principles of traditional Indigenous farming.
Speakers
ES

Erin Silva

UW-Madison
Co-authors
DH

Daniel Hayden

UW-Madison
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Lehua Suite

4:45pm HST

RHIZ - Root Characterization Analysis of Navajo Peach Seedlings
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Southwest Native American Tribes, such as the Navajo, Hopi, and Pueblo, have grown peaches at least since the early 1600’s, making them a nutritionally and culturally important food source. Historic management practices consisted of reduced irregular irrigation of sandy to sandy loam soils with no fertilizer additions, no pruning, and no fruit thinning. Recent research indicates germinated peach seedlings from seed sourced from a Navajo orchard in Utah are more drought resistant when compared to direct seeded ‘Lovell’ seedlings, and container transplanted ‘Lovell’ seedlings. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Navajo seedlings’ root distribution after direct seeding to better understand their rooting dynamics with regular irrigation and no pruning. All trees were direct seeded in May 2018 and destructively sampled in May 2022. Three trees from each Navajo and ‘Lovell’ treatment were destructively harvested to determine above ground biomass. Root distribution (location relative to the trunk and depth in the soil profile) was determined using a soil core sampling technique. Soil cores were taken in a radial array around the tree, and tree roots (small, medium, large) were separated from the soil cores in the field, before drying and weighing. After the cores were extracted, the remaining root system was excavated, air dried for 10 days, then weighed and photographed. The main effect and interactions of tree type, sampling location, and depth were tested by analysis of variance. The Navajo seedlings had a more extensive root system, including more roots in the grass alleyways, than Lovell seedlings indicating a more competitive root system. There were also qualitative differences in root types between Navajo and ‘Lovell’ in the occurrence of lateral primary roots, sinker roots or fibrous roots. The results of this research will be utilized to determine the Navajo seedlings’ potential for becoming a viable rootstock for the fruit industry.
Speakers
RW

Reagan Wytsalucy

Utah State University
Native American food crops of the Southwest.
Co-authors
BB

Brent Black

Utah State University
NA
DD

Daniel Drost

Retired
NA
GC

Grant Cardon

Utah State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
South Pacific 4

4:45pm HST

VGBR 1 - Progress and Insights Into Downy Mildew Resistance Mapping Efforts in Spinach
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a popular leafy vegetable crop in the US, particularly for the fresh market baby leaf spinach. However, downy mildew (DM), caused by the obligate oomycete Peronospora effusa, poses a significant challenge to spinach cultivation in California and Arizona as it reduces the quality and yield of spinach. This is particularly concerning given that the two production areas contribute over 85% of the total fresh market spinach in the US. The emergence of new races of P. effusa, with nineteen races reported and fourteen identified in the last two decades, presents a persistent threat as new races and variant isolates can overcome the existing resistance in commercially deployed cultivars. Furthermore, over 50% of the spinach market is organic production, so utilizing host genetic resistance is a crucial disease management strategy. To combat this challenge, we conducted screenings of germplasm, cultivars, and multi-parent progeny populations in greenhouse conditions to identify resistant sources and genomic regions associated with resistance to multiple races of P. effusa (specifically race 5, 13, and 16). The spinach population panel was sequenced utilizing genotyping by sequencing (GBS), low coverage resequencing, and 10x coverage whole genome resequencing (WGR) to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers. Subsequently, genetic analysis was performed using disease phenotype response data obtained and SNP markers for the identification of resistance-associated SNP markers and candidate resistance genes. The molecular analysis and mapping efforts have yielded valuable insights into the basis of downy mildew resistance in spinach, providing essential molecular tools to facilitate breeding for disease resistance. This work will summarize the updated findings from these efforts. This work will enhance our understanding of resistance mechanisms, which will contribute to developing more effective breeding strategies, increasing selection gains and breeding efficiency in spinach.
Speakers
GB

Gehendra Bhattarai

University of Arkansas
Co-authors
avatar for Ainong Shi

Ainong Shi

Associate Professor, University of Arkasnas
Dr. Ainong Shi is a faculty member in the Department of Horticulture at the University of Arkansas. His research laboratory specializes in plant breeding and genetics, particularly focusing on vegetable crops such as arugula, cowpea, and spinach for cultivar and germplasm development... Read More →
BM

Beiquan Mou

USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
NA
JC

James C Correll

University of Arkansas
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

4:45pm HST

WUM 2 - Microbial Community Composition and Accumulation Of Biofilms In Irrigation Pipes Using Nutrient Solutions with Different
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Biofilms clog irrigation systems, thus affecting water use efficiency, crop yields, and production costs. Microbial attachment and subsequent biofilm accumulation is influenced by the irrigation water quality and materials used in the design of water distribution systems. Therefore, the goal of this research was to evaluate if the pipe material and the load of organic matter in nutrient solutions affected biofilm accumulation, microbial community composition, and emitter performance. Nutrient solutions had 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg·L-1 peat particles under 150 µm in diameter and flowed through pipe loops made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE). The emitters were pressure compensated drippers with anti-drain mechanism and a nominal discharge of 2 L·h-1. Heterotrophic plate counts and biofilm dry mass were used as indicators of biofilm accumulation. DNA was extracted from the biofilm then sequenced for bacterial community composition analysis. The surface of new and post-biofilm pipes was characterized by measuring hydrophobicity and roughness to evaluate the effects of biofilm on the pipe’s surface. None of the emitters clogged, but there was an increase in discharge with 60 and 120 mg·L-1 peat. This observation suggests that the particles and biofilm accumulation affected the operation of the emitters’ anti-drain mechanism. The pipe material had more influence on the accumulation and bacterial community composition of biofilms than the organic load of the nutrient solution. Overall, biofilm accumulated more on PVC pipes than on PE pipes. The hydrophobicity of PVC pipes decreased, and roughness of PVC and PE pipes increased after biofilm colonization. These results suggest that the characteristics of the pipes can influence and be influenced by biofilms and therefore affect the risk of clogging. Our results also suggest that biofilms establish better on materials that biodegrade easy and that biofilm changes the roughness of PVC pipes which may further affect pipe longevity.
Speakers
avatar for Juan Cabrera-Garcia

Juan Cabrera-Garcia

Research Assistant Professor & State Extension Specialist, University of Missouri
My extension program focuses on providing research-based resources, trainings, and tools to beginning and established specialty crop growers. Check our programs focused on controlled environment agriculture (Veteran Farmers (umkc.edu)) and commercial horticulture (Commercial Hort... Read More →
Co-authors
RR

Rosa Raudales

University of Connecticut
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:45pm - 5:00pm HST
Nautilus

4:59pm HST

Technology (TECH) - Poster
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:59pm - 5:50pm HST
Growth-promoting Bacteria in Improving the Biophysical Parameters of Cherry Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)  - Henrique Oliveira
Promoting Controlled Environment Agriculture Activities At Campus-Wide Events - Kent Kobayashi
Rapid Detection of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Utilizing Novel Full-Spectrum Imaging and a Hyperparameter-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - Pauline Victoria Estrada
Puʻuhonua Kauluwehi: Maui Wildfire Rapid Response Strategies for Agroecosystem Resilience and Community Well-Being - Nicolette van der Lee
Enhancing Hot Pepper Quality and Yield through Smart Irrigation Strategies - Harmandeep Sharma
Spraying Drone Efficiency: A Comparative Study of Application Rate and Surfactant Addition - Lucas Sales
Moderator
avatar for Nicolette van der Lee

Nicolette van der Lee

Program Manager, University of Hawaii Maui College
Tuesday September 24, 2024 4:59pm - 5:50pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:00pm HST

TECH - Promoting Controlled Environment Agriculture Activities At Campus-Wide Events
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:10pm HST
How can we help students, the public, and stakeholders become familiar and engaged with controlled environment agriculture (CEA) and its benefits? Besides offering undergraduate courses such as TPSS 300 Tropical Production Systems and TPSS 491 Experimental Topics "Controlled Environment Agriculture" we sought other ways to accomplish this. The objective is to describe how we use displays about our CEA lab at campus-wide events to help inform audiences about CEA and its technology. Various events at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM) enable colleges, departments, units, and individual laboratories the opportunity to showcase their programs, curricula, and research. At these campus-wide events, we set up table displays that explain CEA and highlight our CEA research. Our displays exhibit various aspects of the technology used in CEA such as LED (light-emitting diodes) lights, hydroponics, and greenhouse materials. We display high tech acrylic greenhouse coverings and walls, smart glass, photoselective shadecloths, and light spectrum control plastic films to show recent developments in greenhouse coverings. Hydroponic principles are explained through the use of micro-hydroponics, dwarf vegetables grown under LED lights, and hydroponic kits. A display using simulated Martian soils and LEGO® figures shows a Martian landscape with a plastic dome greenhouse with plastic vegetables growing inside. The audience gets to experience a hands-on working miniature grow tent, a replica of actual grow tents, to demonstrate how CEA experiments are conducted using grow tents with manually controlled red, blue, and white LED lights and fans. We have a shadecloth covered PVC pipe box with red and blue photoselective shadecloths and LED light placements on top, sides, and intracanopy to explain light spectrum and light placement. The Lunar/Martian greenhouse model displays an example of how plants could be grown on extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon and Mars. The display shows a cutaway view of a greenhouse installed below the soil surface for protection from radiation. Natural light is supplied with light pipes and artificial light is supplied with LEDs. Our lab’s table displays have been well received by people stopping by our tables. The campus events provide the opportunity for students to assist in staffing the tables and talking about CEA and their research. We also discuss CEA research opportunities provided by the UHM Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) and the UHM Hawaii Space Grant Consortium Program.
Speakers
KD

Kent D. Kobayashi

Interim Dept. Chair, TPSS Dept., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
Co-authors
BN

Brylin Nelson

Univ of Hawaii at Manoa
NA
JK

Jonathan Kobayashi

University of Hawaii at Manoa
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:10pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:00pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits and Buds' Freezing Survival Strategies Among Prunus Species
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
The adaptation of perennial species to winter freezing temperatures is crucial for their reproductive success and has led to the evolution of diverse survival strategies to mitigate freezing damage. Bud survival is essential for species reproduction and fruit production, as buds carry the dormant flower primordia that will bloom in the next growing season. We studied two freezing survival mechanisms: deep supercooling (DS) and extraorgan freezing (EOF). Deep supercooling involves physical or structural changes that prevent ice nucleation in florets and meristems by sequestering small amounts of water. When the critical nucleating temperature for this sequestered water is reached, ice propagation is rapid, and cellular damage is lethal. Extraorgan freezing causes a gradual dehydration of inner bud tissues, driven by the vapor pressure deficit from extracellular ice formed in bud scales. Despite existing knowledge, the survival benefits of species undergoing deep supercooling, considered a limited strategy compared to extraorgan or extracellular freezing, remain unclear. Similarly, how adaptation to freezing impacts reproductive traits in woody species is not well understood. We focused on the Prunus genus for its dual survival strategies and productive and ornamental value. This study, conducted on six Prunus species at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, MA, spanned three developmental stages: leaf drop in fall, dormancy in winter, and pre-bud swell in spring. Data encompassed phenology, vascular tissue development, flower primordia size, differential thermal analysis, controlled freezing tests, and characteristics of flowers, fruits, and seeds. Results indicated that DS Prunus species delay vascular tissue development and grow larger flower primordia from fall compared to EOF species. Conversely, EOF species bloom later, producing more and smaller flowers and fruits in a shorter time than DS species. In summary, in the Prunus genus, DS species appear to trade a lower temperature threshold for pre-forming fewer, larger flower primordia per bud, enabling earlier blooming and more efficient use of the growing season to develop larger fruits in contrast to EOF species.
Speakers
avatar for Camilo Villouta

Camilo Villouta

Assistant Professor, University of Rhode Island
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
Coral 1

5:00pm HST

ORGH 1 - Bridging the Gap: Culinary Breeding Network Facilitates Collaboration in Variety Development
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
In the past decade, there has been a significant rise in initiatives by public sector programs, independent seed companies, and farmer-breeders aimed at developing organic varieties in the United States, particularly targeting farmers engaged in direct-to-consumer sales. Flavor has emerged as a paramount trait for these farmers, driving collaborative breeding efforts involving a diverse array of stakeholders, including farmers selling to restaurants, farmers markets, and CSAs, as well as chefs at farm-to-table establishments, and plant breeders focusing on organic systems. Since seed regulations in the US allow seed to be sold without a registration process, varieties identified as well-suited and high-quality by collaborating farmers and chefs can quickly become available commercially. While diversified organic vegetable farmers often prefer not to produce their own seed, they wish to be actively engaged in the selection processes and support plant breeders focusing on organic systems (Hubbard and Zystro, 2016). The Culinary Breeding Network (CBN) strives to bridge the gap between plant breeders and consumers by facilitating unique opportunities for stakeholders to assess in-development vegetable and grain cultivars, share insights, and actively contribute to variety development. CBN's outreach events span across various regions, including Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Wisconsin, New York, and Italy, focusing on identifying desirable traits, discerning consumer preferences, tailoring varieties to organic farms and palates, and celebrating local foods. These participatory public gatherings provide breeders with invaluable input rarely accessible otherwise. By integrating culinary professionals, farmers, and consumers into the breeding process, breeders gain deeper insights into preferred traits while also fostering broader awareness and understanding of organic plant breeding. CBN impact is evaluated through post-event surveys completed by attending farmers, chefs, distributors, retailers, and consumers. In 2020, 144 Variety Showcase surveys were collected, with 96% expressing intentions to disseminate gained knowledge, reaching an estimated >2,075 individuals in person and >258,000 through social media. Furthermore, 81% indicated that newfound knowledge would influence their work through expanded networks (34%), revised buying practices (25%), and informed decision-making (41%), among other outcomes such as forging new collaborations and partnerships. Participating breeders, seed companies, and farmers report moderate to significant positive effects to CBN, with 75% reporting impact on their business operations. Notably, CBN's most valued impact lies in "creating buzz in the community around specific vegetables and varieties" (48%) and "facilitating collaboration among breeders, growers, chefs, and consumers" (35%). Remarkably, 80% of respondents stated they had commenced growing a variety following a CBN event.
Speakers
avatar for Lane Selman

Lane Selman

Professor of Practice, Oregon State University
Lane Selman grew up on the citrus farm her Sicilian great-grandparents planted in 1919 on Florida's space coast. She studied Agronomy (BS) and Entomology (MS) at University of Florida before moving to Oregon in 2000. As a Professor of Practice at Oregon State University, Lane has... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
Lehua Suite

5:00pm HST

RHIZ - Characterizing Root Dynamics and Phenology of Hops in a Subtropical Climate Using an In-situ Root Imaging System
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
In Florida's subtropical climate, photoperiod manipulation facilitates a unique production system for hops (Humulus lupulus L.), an important crop for the brewing industry, with two growth cycles per year. The spring season spans from mid-February to early June, immediately followed by the fall season, which concludes in late November. With contrasting climatic conditions, plant phenology, yield, and cone quality differ dramatically between the two growing seasons. To gain insights into the roles of roots in the seasonal differences in plant phenology and performance, we characterized root dynamics and phenology of 'Cascade' hops grown in West Central Florida using an in-situ root imaging system. The soil at the study site was Myakka fine sand with 97% sand. Plants were grown on a 4.5 m V-trellis system, and data were collected over 2 years upon transplanting. Minirhizotron tubes were installed at varying distances (0, 30, and 60 cm) from the planting hill perpendicularly to the row to capture biweekly root images up to a depth of 84 cm. These images were processed using WinRhizo Tron software to measure various root morphological parameters, including total root length, projected area, surface area, volume, and the longest root. Notably, hop roots showed rapid elongation, reaching a depth of 84 cm, and expanding up to 60 cm from the hill center within one month after establishment under subtropical conditions. However, the primary, larger in diameter tap roots exhibited signs of decay after 5 months, culminating in complete mortality within 15 months following their establishment. Interestingly, the phenological stage of cone development induces a proliferation of new root growth, although temporary, with these ephemeral roots having a lifespan limited to approximately 3 months. These results can provide insights into the shoot-root interactions and help improve fertilizer, water, and ground cover recommendations, ultimately optimizing hop production in Florida's unique subtropical system.
Speakers
AJ

Alvaro J. Bautista

University of Florida
Co-authors
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
South Pacific 4

5:00pm HST

VGBR 1 - Screening Baby Leaf Salad Greens for Downy Mildew Resistance
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
Downy mildew presents major challenges to baby leaf salad greens production in California. Baby kale (Brassica oleracea) particularly holds substantial economic value in the region with a crop value of over $12 million in 2022. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora brassicae, infects baby kale resulting in leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and sporulation, rendering affected leaves unmarketable. Resistant varieties offer an effective solution, reducing the need for pesticides and promoting sustainable disease management in baby kale production. This research aims to screen baby kale plant materials (accessions) for resistance to downy mildew isolates from across California. Initially, 212 baby kale accessions were evaluated for resistance using a downy mildew isolate from Gilroy, CA. Plants were inoculated with downy mildew spores and incubated in high-humidity conditions before being evaluated for disease symptoms. The initial screening indicated an average disease severity of 31%. From this screening, 50 accessions showing the lowest disease severity were further screened against seven additional downy mildew isolates. Among the subset of 50 accessions, disease severities ranged from 0.1% to 7.6%. Notably, nine accessions consistently exhibited a disease severity of 0%, and 17 accessions maintained disease severities of 0.1% or 0.2% across all seven isolates, making an elite secondary subset of accessions. Ongoing research includes replication trials with a secondary subset of accessions and the two most virulent and weak downy mildew isolates. This research will identify resistant baby kale varieties, providing valuable insights for breeders and improving downy mildew management practices in kale production systems.
Speakers
SD

Shunping Ding

Associate Professor, California Polytechnic State University
Co-authors
EL

Emily Locke-Paddon

California Polytechnic State University
NA
LT

Lauren Taylor

California Polytechnic State University
NA
MF

Marco Fernandez

California Polytechnic State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
South Pacific 3

5:00pm HST

WUM 2 - ATP vs Petrifilm: Techniques to Quantify Microbial Communities for Water Quality Analysis
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
Traditional methods of microbial quantification for irrigation water using colony counts from agar culture require dedicated laboratory space and trained personnel, making them less suitable for on-site application by horticulture growers. Dehydrated Petrifilm™ culture plates are a simpler method than agar, but are still time-consuming and require 2-3 days to culture. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) tests may provide an easy and reliable method for quantifying microbes in water that is more rapid than culturing microbes. The objective was to compare ATP measurements against colony counts cultured using Petrifilm™ for assessing microbial water quality. Lake water was recirculated through an ozone system until a target oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of 700 mV was reached. Samples were collected at the following ORP intervals: control, 300 mV, 400 mV, 500 mV, 600 mV, and 700 mV. Samples were plated for aerobic bacterial counts and yeast and mold counts using Petrifilm™ culture plates. Samples were also analyzed for free and total ATP concentration using the Hygiena EnSURE luminometer and its accompanying free and total ATP swabs. Microbial ATP was calculated by subtracting free ATP from total ATP. Results showed a consistent decrease in bacterial and fungal counts with increasing ORP using Petrifilm™ culture plates. At 700 mV ORP, there was 99.5% reduction of bacterial colony counts and 92.8% reduction of fungal colony counts from the initial. Similarly, a decreasing trend was observed for free, total, and microbial ATP concentration with increased ORP levels. There was a 97.5 % reduction of microbial ATP from the initial concentration at 700 mV ORP. A positive correlation was observed between microbial ATP measured with the luminometer and bacterial counts obtained from Petrifilm™. Integrating ATP quantification into routine monitoring practices could provide easy and rapid results and enhance the efficacy of microbial assessments in irrigation water.
Speakers
DT

Dharti Thakulla

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:00pm - 5:15pm HST
Nautilus

5:10pm HST

TECH - Rapid Detection of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Utilizing Novel Full-Spectrum Imaging and a Hyperparameter-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:10pm - 5:20pm HST
Every year, farmers around the world lose more than $95 billion from uncontrolled weed infestation. Herbicide-resistant weeds, also known as “superweeds”, are fast becoming a significant part of this weed problem and are a significant threat to crop production and food security. Late detection of resistant weeds leads to increasing economic losses and severe environmental damage. Traditionally, genetic sequencing and herbicide dose-response studies are used to detect herbicide-resistant weeds, but these are expensive and slow processes. To address this problem, an AI-based superweed identifier program (SIP) was developed to quickly and accurately distinguish herbicide-resistant from susceptible chickweed (Stellaria media). A regular camera was converted to capture light wavelengths from 300 to 1,100 nm. These full spectrum images were used to develop a hyperparameter-tuned convolutional neural network (CNN) model utilizing a “train from scratch” approach. This novel approach exploits the subtle differences in the spectral signature of resistant and susceptible chickweed plants as they react differently to herbicide treatments. The SIP was able to identify resistant chickweed to acetolactate synthetase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides as early as 72 hours post treatment at an impressive accuracy of 85%. It has broad applicability due to its ability to distinguish resistant from susceptible chickweed plants regardless of the type of ALS herbicide or dosage rate used. Utilizing the superweed identifier program will allow farmers to make timely interventions and develop more effective and safer weed management practices. This can optimize yield, reduce herbicide use, minimize environmental harm, prevent herbicide-resistant weed proliferation, and improve overall public health.
Speakers
PV

Pauline Victoria Estrada

Student, Clovis North High School/Fresno State University
Co-authors
AS

Anil Shrestha

Fresno State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:10pm - 5:20pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:15pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Potential Genes Involved in the Adaptation of Potato to Long Term Heat Stress
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Heat stress is one of the most significant uncontrollable abiotic factors that affect potato plant growth, development, and tuber yield. While short-term acute heat stress experiments have produced considerable insights into the effects of heat stress on potato, there is a lack of information on the mechanisms involved in heat stress adaptation. Our recent studies demonstrate that under prolonged heat stress (35/25°C, day/night, for 3 weeks), newly developed leaves can maintain health and adapt to heat stress by modifying anatomy and physiology. Whereas, the leaves developed prior to heat stress (20/15 °C, day/night) on the same plant suffer (chloroses, senescence) from heat stress. We compared the gene expression in the youngest, fully expanded terminal leaflets developed under control and heat stress in two genotypes, Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Atlantic’ (ATL) and Solanum microdontum Bitter (MCD). As expected, several heat shock proteins (HSP) genes were upregulated in both genotypes. In addition, several desaturase genes were downregulated suggesting an increase in the saturation of membrane lipids may provide membrane integrity under heat stress. Our parallel physiological and anatomical studies have shown that adaptation to heat stress involves increase in stomatal density, lowering of leaf temperature via increased transpiration and maintenance of photosynthesis. Consistent with these results we found significantly regulated genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, photosynthesis, cell growth, expansion and patterning. These data offer insight into potential genes involved in heat tolerance in potato that may be useful in breeding for heat-tolerant potato varieties.
Speakers
JP

Jiwan Palta

UW Madison
Co-authors
AD

Alfonso DelRio

University of Wisconsin Madison
NA
JB

John Bamberg

University of Wisconsin Madison
NA
JS

Justin Schabow

University of Florida
NA
JM

Jyostna Mura

University of Wisconsin
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Coral 1

5:15pm HST

ORGH 1 - Growing Urban Organic Farms in Iowa: New Initiatives and Support
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Urban agriculture, which encompasses both home use and commercial sales, has shown positive impacts on enhancing sustainable agriculture and food security, especially for disadvantaged and underrepresented citizens. The benefits of community gardens/farms have been found to be extensive, including improved quality of life and nutrition, enhanced economic security and environmental sustainability, entrepreneurship and employment, and community commitment. In a new Iowa State University (ISU) Extension and Outreach project, the ISU Organic Ag program (OAP) will be working with urban farms in Iowa to create a Community of Practice network that will promulgate best management practices and sharing of results among farmers and agency staff supporting this clientele group. Because the majority of urban farms use organic practices, these farms will be surveyed for critical pest issues; suitability of organic treatments for specific pests; and economic viability of these strategies. In addition, farmers will be queried on the potential for organic certification, including group certification. A statewide Urban Ag group, created in 2023, identified the following needs, based on urban farmers’ interests: Land access and utilization; Education and program access; Production needs, including managing soil health and irrigation; Food safety and food insecurity; and Business development. A Directory of Expertise in Urban Ag was developed to highlight six specialists focused on urban ag in Iowa at Iowa State University; four at federal agencies (NRCS, RMA, FSA), three in state and municipal government (IDALS, City of Des Moines); two at government-associated programs (SWCD), and eight at non-profit, non-governmental institutions (NGOs). Working with county Extension staff, Master Gardeners, 4-H, NRCS, SWCD, and urban ag NGOs and farmers, this project seeks to advance Urban Ag through: 1) Demonstration sites showcasing innovative nutrient and pest management techniques, bee keeping, food safety practices, and marketing; 2) Field Days held at key urban farm partners with adjoining Farmers’ Market tours; and 3) A series of webinars, videos and pamphlets covering these topics, and translated for Spanish, Burmese and Congolese audiences–the most prominent groups of immigrant urban farmers in Iowa. Evaluation will assess knowledge and behavioral change related to addressing key food security concerns in urban spaces, community well-being, and sustainability indicators, including soil and water quality.
Speakers
KD

Kathleen Delate

Iowa State University
Co-authors
JP

Josiah Pollock

Iowa State University
NA
KP

Karenna Petersen

Iowa State University
NA
RT

Robert Turnbull

Iowa State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Lehua Suite

5:15pm HST

RHIZ - Effects of Reclaimed Water on Blueberry Seedling Growth and Root Morphology
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
A high percentage of agricultural production depends highly on groundwater irrigation. Groundwater depletion has been putting significant pressure on global water resources and food production. Using reclaimed water (RW) as an alternative source of irrigation water for crop production can mitigate the huge demand on groundwater resources. Blueberry plants are characterized by their preference for acidic soil conditions with a shallow, salt-sensitive root system. The alkaline and saline nature of RW necessitates an understanding of its suitability as irrigation water for blueberry production. We conducted a greenhouse rhizotron experiment to characterize root morphological responses of ‘Arcadia’ blueberry seedlings to RW. Four irrigation water treatments were implemented: 100% well water (WW), 100% deionized water (DW), a blend of 50% DW/50% RW, and 100% RW. These treatments were applied to rhizotron boxes filled with 50% sand and 50% pine bark mixed uniformly by volume. Root morphological variables, stem diameter, plant height, canopy projected area, and plant physiological variables were examined biweekly. Soil and plant tissue nutrient contents and plant biomass were examined at the end of the experiment. Water quality was slightly alkaline with pH values of 7.8 for 100% WW and 100% DW, and 7.7 for 100% RW. Electrical Conductivity (EC) values varied among the treatments, with 0.428 dS/m for 100% WW, 0.338 dS/m for 100% DW, and 0.769 dS/m for 100% RW. Initial soil mix pH at the beginning of the experiment was 6.8. Our preliminary findings indicate no significant difference in root elongation, plant above-ground biomass and leaf chlorophyll index among the four irrigation treatments (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between DW and WW for plant stem diameter and height (p > 0.05), possibly attributed to blueberry plants’ sensitivity to salt. The soil mix pH had risen to 7.8 for all the treatments at the end of the experiment. Our preliminary interpretation suggests that 100% RW does not adversely affect young blueberry plants growth parameter over the short-time period of the experiment. That indicates that RW can be a promising alternative of irrigation. Existing literature indicates that blueberry plants have the ability to adopt to irrigation water EC level of up to 2 dS/m, while the measured EC of 100% RW was 0.77 dS/m, it appears that the blueberry plants didn’t reach to the stress level that could significantly affect their growth parameters. We believe the experiment duration was insufficient to observe the high pH symptoms.
Speakers
YS

Yasmeen Saleem

University of Florida
PhD student
Co-authors
DK

Davie Kadyampakeni

University of Florida
NA
SA

Shinsuke Agehara

University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
South Pacific 4

5:15pm HST

VGBR 1 - Detection of Novel Lettuce Fusarium Wilt Pathogenic Variants in California
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (FOL), is an economically important disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Four pathogenic races of FOL have been reported, though only race 1 is known to exist in the United States. Recently, California coastal lettuce growers have experienced changes in the severity and incidence of FW. Some race 1-resistant cultivars have exhibited susceptibility, whereas some susceptible cultivars have displayed a reduction in disease severity. In order to determine whether such changes in disease patterns are responses to potentially novel variants, we collected FW symptomatic plant samples from commercial fields in Salinas Valley and Santa Maria, recovered the fungus, and conducted a series of pathogenicity tests in controlled conditions over two years (2022 and 2023) using a standard set of FOL race differentials. Pathogenicity tests revealed two new FOL variants, Fol621s and 916, that elicited novel disease reaction patterns on the standard differentials which have never been reported in the United States or other parts of the world. Isolate 916 incited severe FW on race 1-resistant ‘Costa Rica No. 4’, whereas Fol621s was less virulent on race 1-suceptible ‘Banchu Red Fire’. This study provides valuable information critical for the development of FW management strategies, including broad-spectrum resistance breeding efforts against multiple FOL races and novel variants.
Speakers Co-authors
AP

Alexander Putman

U.C. Riverside
NA
FM

Frank Martin

USDA-ARS
NA
NL

Ningxiao Li

USDA-ARS
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
South Pacific 3

5:15pm HST

WUM 2 - Water use and crop coefficients for outdoor nursery ornamentals in 15-gal containers
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Nurseries and greenhouses in California face challenges of limited water supply and increased scrutiny from water quality regulators. Improving irrigation efficiency thus minimizing irrigation runoff are the main strategies to save water and comply with regulations. Evapotranspiration-based (ET) methods that make use of weather station data has the potential to substantially improve efficiency. In California, a statewide network maintained by DWR CIMIS project is widely used. However, crop-specific coefficients to calculate irrigation needs from weather data are not widely available in the nursery industry, particularly for large (15-gal and up) containers. In this project we measured water use and developed crop coefficient for 15-gal trees, one low water user (Olive, Olea europaea) and two high water users (Sycamore, Platanus acerifolia and Ficus microcarpa) with different canopy architectures. Container weight was measured with load cells (Omega LC103B, a weighing device similar to a scale), with values logged every minute by a Campbell Scientific data logger (CR1000X). Daily water use was calculated as the difference in weight from after each irrigation to before the following one. Local CIMIS reference ET was used to calculate crop coefficients. Tree water use yielded crop coefficients averaged 1.19 for Ficus; 0.57 for Olive and 1.21 in Sycamore during fall 2023 before defoliation started to occur for Sycamore in mid-October. Olive and Ficus defoliated through winter reaching the lowest crop coefficient in March 2024 when the coefficient was 0.42 for Ficus; 0.22 in Olive and 0.12 in Sycamore. Crop coefficients were substantially lower than those presented by Burger et al., 1987. for similar woody ornamentals grown in 1-gal containers. The difference is that Burger’s crop coefficients were calculated using the container surface area, while we used the (larger) block area divided by the number of containers. While less meaningful from a plant physiology point of view, a block-based crop coefficient is more useful for irrigation management and more similar to the crop coefficient calculation in field crops, grape vines and fruit trees. Results from our method can be converted to Burger et al. method by dividing by interception efficiency (i.e. cumulative container surface area divided by irrigation block area).
Speakers
avatar for Gerry Spinelli

Gerry Spinelli

University of California Cooperative Extension
Irrigation management in nurseries and greenhouses
Co-authors
CS

Chris Shogren

University of California Cooperative Extension Los Angeles
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:15pm - 5:30pm HST
Nautilus

5:20pm HST

TECH - Puʻuhonua Kauluwehi: Maui Wildfire Rapid Response Strategies for Agroecosystem Resilience and Community Well-Being
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:20pm - 5:30pm HST
The Puʻuhonua Kauluwehi project aims to develop a rapid response to the recent Maui wildfires by collaboratively establishing a network of biocultural refuges supporting the cultivation of native plants to accelerate landscape-scale agroecological resilience, food security and community well-being strategies. Puʻuhonua Kauluwehi is a Hawaiian phrase describing regenerative agroecosystem areas that provide shelter for native vegetation, attract native birds and insects, and serve as a source of thriving launching points to revegetate the landscape through community engagement. In Hawaiʻi, establishing biocultural refuges is even more critical as the unique ecosystems of the islands continue to come under threat from invasive species, drought, commercial development, lack of ecosystem management and are more at risk due to the dependence on imported response and aid resources from the mainland as demonstrated by the devastating impact of the Maui wildfires in August 2023. The project’s specific objectives are to: (1) Provide applied research and GIS mapping services that integrate water quality testing, soil testing and native plant and tree cataloging in one accessible database for the growing coalition of local agricultural and conservation organizations responding to the wildfires; (2) Develop strategies to ensure all children, youth, and adults have access to abundant local food during and after wildfire disasters through a network of seed orchard, seed bank, nursery and food hub partners; and (3) Design extension and non-formal community education initiatives to address the health and well-being of children, youth, and adults affected by wildfire disasters through work-based agroecosystem and stewardship training in the Kauluwehi Biocultural Garden for 300 participants. The Puʻuhonua Kauluwehi restoration project, led by University of Hawaii Maui College, will share initial outcomes of launching a technology platform to connect critical nodes of the Maui wildfire response into a thriving network that will serve as a social-ecological incubator for the positive impact of vibrant and culturally authentic landscapes and redefine the value of agroecosystems in Maui’s unique context for disaster recovery.
Speakers
avatar for Nicolette van der Lee

Nicolette van der Lee

Program Manager, University of Hawaii Maui College
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:20pm - 5:30pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:30pm HST

TECH - Enhancing Hot Pepper Quality and Yield through Smart Irrigation Strategies
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:40pm HST
Hot peppers (Capsicum chinense) are attracting increasing attention due to their rich reservoirs of secondary metabolites, notably capsaicinoids, which are in high demand across various industries such as culinary, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical. Consequently, there has been a surge in the number of new pepper growers emerging throughout the United States. Despite ranking fifth in pepper production, North Carolina’s pepper cultivation remains smaller compared to other states known for hot pepper production. Additionally, the southern U.S. anticipates an increase in extreme weather events such as droughts and floods. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify the most suitable pepper cultivars and implement efficient production management practices tailored to local climatic conditions to maximize both crop production and quality. To address this need, the current study was conducted at Reid Greenhouse, North Carolina Agricultural
Speakers
HS

Harmandeep Sharma

Research Assistant Professor, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
Co-authors
EK

Edmond Kwekutsu

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
NA
GG

Gregory Goins

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
NA
HS

Harjot Singh

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
NA
WR

William Randle

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:40pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:30pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Species-specific Differences in Leaf Photosynthetic Rate when Substituting Far-red Light for PAR Photons
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Phosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400 – 700 nm) is widely acknowledged as essential for photosynthesis in plants. However, recent research has revealed the significant contribution of far-red photons (FR; 700 – 750 nm) to photosynthetic processes, particularly when present alongside PAR. While previous studies have primarily focused on whole-plant gas exchange, limited research exists on leaf-level replication of these findings. In this preliminary study, we investigated leaf gas exchange in five field-grown crop species using A/Ci curves. We exposed the leaves to equal proportions of blue, green, and red light at a photon flux density of 1000 µmol·m-2·s-1 and replaced varying percentages (0%, 15%, or 30%) of these photons with FR. Our hypothesis, based on previous whole-plant studies, was that all species would exhibit similar photosynthetic rates (Pn) across different FR treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed species- and cultivar-specific variations in leaf-level Pn with FR treatments. For instance, strawberry and green leaf lettuce exhibited decreased Pn with increasing FR, while apple and Swiss chard showed increased Pn. Red leaf lettuce maintained consistent Pn levels. Despite these differences, the overall trends across CO2 concentrations remained consistent regardless of FR levels. Considering that direct sunlight naturally contains FR equivalent to approximately 18% of PAR, and our crops were grown in open-field conditions, our findings suggest a species-specific capacity to utilize FR in photosynthesis. These findings are preliminary, but data is being collected to examine species responses throughout a full growing season.
Speakers
JE

John Ertle

PP Systems
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Coral 1

5:30pm HST

ORGH 1 - Metabolomic Analysis Provides Novel Insight Into the Evaluation of Organic Tomato Fruits
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
A gradual shift in the evaluation of crop quality has taken place, led by analytical scientists with the advancement of instrumentation and system-based technology (system biology). Metabolomics, one of the emerging omics techniques, provides a complete and unbiased chemical analysis within an organism. Information obtained through metabolomic analysis may range from identifying beneficial compounds for human health to toxicants, can help solve challenges faced by the agricultural industry. Current phytochemical studies focusing on organically-grown crops have typically focused on individual compounds or classes of compounds that may be affected by production practices. This study compared metabolomic profiles between organic and conventionally-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) fruit to systemically access the quality and nutritional value of tomatoes under different growing conditions. Two tomato cultivars (‘Estiva’ and ‘Tomimaru Muchoo’) were grown with three different treatments (organic field, organic high-tunnel, and conventional field) and were assessed for metabolomic analysis using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) and liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS). Target metabolites included various primary and secondary metabolites covering a wide range of metabolic pathways, involving citrate cycle, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, alkaloids biosynthesis, shikimate pathway, salicylic acid pathway, plant hormone biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone, flavonol, and flavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and so on. Differentially expressed metabolites (potential biomarkers) between organic and conventional tomatoes were selected, and a core metabolic network was identified by pathway enrichment analysis. Major variations between groups were observed in the network related to plant secondary metabolisms (e.g., plant defense signaling). This is likely due to varying amounts of external stresses between organic and conventional tomatoes by the difference in pesticide input. The organic high-tunnel group also showed some distinct metabolic responses within the secondary metabolisms, probably because of its unique growing conditions. The selected biomarkers and identified metabolic network provided insights into biochemical processes influenced by different cultivation methods. This work will contribute to the evaluation of organic farming practices in the US.
Speakers
avatar for Jashanpreet Kaur

Jashanpreet Kaur

Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Georgia
Hello! I am a 2nd-year master's student in the Food Science and Technology Department at the University of Georgia. My current research focuses on utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC−MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) based metabolomics to identify... Read More →
Co-authors
JH

Joon Hyuk Suh

The University of Georgia
NA
KC

Kate Cassity Duffey

The University of Georgia
NA
TC

Timothy Coolong

The University of Georgia
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Lehua Suite

5:30pm HST

VGBR 1 - Unraveling Gene Regulation on the Interaction of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce is a sporadic and destructive foliar disease that poses an economic threat to farmers, particularly those within Florida due to the subtropical environmental conditions. The disease is caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians (Xhv), which has three races. There are no chemical interventions that can effectively control this pathogen, creating a significant challenge for farmers to manage BLS. Additionally, most commercial lettuce cultivars are susceptible to BLS, emphasizing the need to improve host resistance. Resistance to Xhv race-1 has been identified in heirloom lettuce PI 358001-1 and ‘La Brillante’, and PI 667690. To facilitate and accelerate modern plant breeding techniques and the introgression of resistance into new cultivars, the identification of resistance genes is crucial. However, a detailed description on how these genes is regulated in the lettuce genome remains unknown. To aid in the understanding of the interaction between lettuce and Xhv, a gene expression study was conducted. A total of 180 plants each of La Brillante (R), PI 358001-1 (R), PI 667690 (R), and Okeechobee (S) were grown in laboratory conditions for 21 days. Half of the plants were mock inoculated with buffer, and the remaining plants were inoculated with Xhv race-1 isolate L7. Leaf samples were collected at 24-, 72-, and 144-hours post-inoculation, and RNA was extracted for sequencing using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The analysis of differentially expressed genes and their associated pathways revealed distinct reactions upon interaction with Xhv. Additionally, similar reactions were observed in other crops and their respective Xanthomonas pathovars, such as the upregulation of peroxidases, chitinases, and proteases, were observed between inoculated and mock-inoculated plants, such response was time point dependent. Primers will be designed and validated for these candidate genes using qPCR with additional time points to confirm their expression across key plant development stages. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular resistance of lettuce to BLS, unlocking new opportunities for molecular breeding techniques, identification of chemical compounds within the plant that control BLS, and the development of new resistant cultivars. This knowledge will benefit not only the UF/IFAS lettuce breeding program, but also be disseminated to other research groups working to breed BLS-resistant lettuce cultivars.
Speakers
BM

Byron Manzanero

Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida
My name is Byron Manzanero a Ph.D. Candidate in plant breeding.
Co-authors
GS

German Sandoya

University of Florida
JM

Jesse Murray

University of Florida
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
South Pacific 3

5:30pm HST

WUM 2 - Quantification of irrigation and stormwater runoff volume, sediment load, and nutrient load when producing nursery crops
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Container nurseries produce a high volume of operational water (OW) during irrigation and storm events. OW is irrigation return flow (IRF) and storm runoff that has traveled through crop production areas and could carry sediment and agrichemicals, making nurseries a potential contributor to nonpoint source pollution. OW is collected in retention reservoirs for treatment and reuse or allowed to leave the site. A monitoring program was conducted on five production areas (study catchments) with two different irrigation systems (i.e., overhead and spray stake) in two container nurseries located in the Midwestern USA (Central Lowland physiographic region). Total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphate (PO4-P) in OW during storm and irrigation events. We found median event mean concentrations (EMCs) during irrigation events for TSS, DIN, and PO4-P were 131 mg∙L-1, 2.9 mg∙ L-1, and 1.2 mg∙ L-1, respectively. During storm events, DIN and PO4-P EMCs were similar to irrigation events; however, TSS EMCs were almost 8 times greater than those of irrigation events. The median daily TSS, DIN and PO4-P load per ha during storm events were 13.3 kg·ha−1·day−1, 82.3 g·ha−1·day−1 and 43.5 g·ha−1·day−1, respectively, which were 20, 3, and 4 times greater than those of irrigation events. The results indicated that the portion contribution of storm and irrigation for producing TSS was 86% and 14%, respectively. The results of this study can facilitate improved irrigation scheduling and help assess potential treatment options.
Speakers
JO

James Owen

USDA ARS
Jim Owens is a USDA-ARS Research Horticulturist located at the Application Technology Research Unit in Wooster, OH. Jim received his B.Sc. in Plant and Soil Science at the University of Kentucky, his M.Sc. in Environmental Science at the University of Rhode Island, and Ph.D. at North... Read More →
Co-authors
MN

Mohammad Nayeb Yazdi

Arlington County Virginia
NA
SL

Steve Lyon

The Ohio State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:30pm - 5:45pm HST
Nautilus

5:40pm HST

TECH - Spraying Drone Efficiency: A Comparative Study of Application Rate and Surfactant Addition
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:40pm - 5:50pm HST
Current agricultural practices are facing several challenges because of the use of large and heavy machinery used in the fields. The benefits of covering large areas to meet the time of spraying crops is becoming questionable because the heavy machinery (large self-propelled boom sprayers) also can cause soil compaction and require large amounts of fuel and technical labor to be operated. Moreover, spraying drones are emerging as a pivotal technology in modern agriculture. They serve multiple purposes, from measuring and understanding fields using sensor and camera-captured images to acting as spray applicators for a wide range of products e.g.,including herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, and fertilizers. As a novel technology, spraying drones overcome some of the challenges faced by traditional methods. For instance, they can initiate applications in specific areas that require treatment, thereby avoiding issues like soil compression and unnecessary use of cultivated areas. This enhances precision while reduces losses in the field. However, defining application rate and the impact of adjuvant products is still scarce in previous studies. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed whether the coverage area is influenced by application rates and surfactant addition. The study was conducted in a carrot crop field. Water-sensitive papers were placed on the top leaf and at the bottom of the plants to quantify the coverage area. The measured area comprised a swath of 40 feet and a drone route of 100 feet. Measurements were performed in 9 crop-rows, each row with three hydrosensitive papers spaced in 33 feet apart. A multirotor spraying drone XAG P100Pro with Atomized Nozzles was used to apply spraying rates of 5 and 10 gallons per acre, both with and without surfactant addition. Results showed more coverage area on the top leaf than at the bottom of the plants. Similarly, when 10 gallons per acre were applied, it produced a higher covered area. However, there was a difference when applied 10 gallons with and without adjuvant. By applying adjuvant, the trial proved more efficient in reaching the plants. Conversely, when 5 gallons were applied, the surfactant did not contribute to either the top leaves or bottom part. Therefore, our results are promising and contribute to the enhancement of technology in agricultural production. The insights allow from farms to research centers to improve the spraying drone application, guaranteeing a more sustainable environment.
Speakers
avatar for Lucas Sales

Lucas Sales

Research Assistant, University of Georgia
Agronomy Engineer graduated from the Federal University of Paraíba. With experience in the management and cultivation of Ornamental Plants, through a year of experience working in Greenhouses in the state of New Hampshire, USA. Experienced in the management and cultivation of vegetables... Read More →
Co-authors
LO

Luan Oliveira

University of Georgia
NA
MB

Marcelo Barbosa

University of Georgia
RD

Regimar dos Santos

University of Georgia
Bachelor's degree in agronomic engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil at 2021. Master's degree in plant production with an emphasis on computational intelligence in genetic improvement at 2022, with a doctorate in progress at the state university of... Read More →
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:40pm - 5:50pm HST
South Pacific 2

5:45pm HST

EcoPhys 1 - Investigating Dormancy ​ and Germination Characteristics​ to Promote Restoration Success​ in the Northern Great Plains​
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
In wildlands, such as the prairies of the Northern Great Plains, environmental degradation has created the need for ecological restoration of native plants on the landscape. These ecological restorations require native seed. However, many seed-based restoration efforts fail in that they do not produce the desired vegetation. Lack of species-specific information on germination characteristics and dormancy of native seed could be contributing to these failures. Therefore, restoration practitioners and other users of native seed need germination and dormancy information for native species to improve outcomes. Our objectives in this study were to examine germination characteristics and seed treatments that best promote germination in plant species native to the Northern Great Plains and define dormancy classes for each of our study species. To meet these objectives and promote success in seed-based restoration, we conducted a germination experiment for 15 high-priority native forbs. Seeds were treated with four pretreatments (scarification, smoke, fertilizer, and a control), three stratification lengths (2, 4, and 8 weeks), and different temperature regimes. We examined the influence of each factor to determine the means of breaking dormancy and best planting practices. Our data indicated that a scarification treatment before planting Gaillardia aristata increased germination by over 19%. This data suggests that while the majority of our G. aristata seeds are non-dormant, a percentage are physiologically dormant. Our data also shows that Penstemon albidus is strongly influenced by temperature conditions, and the species requires a period of cold stratification to increase overall germination. This information will be used to develop best planting practices for government agencies and aid seed producers and distributors by offering seed storage and planting instructions matching the phenology of native plant species. This rigorous germination experiment can also be used as a model for other priority species and can be adapted to different ecoregions.
Speakers
BL

Bret Lang

Student, South Dakota State University
Co-authors
GC

Gregory Cooper

South Dakota State University
NA
LP

Lora Perkins

South Dakota State University
NA
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
Coral 1

5:45pm HST

VGBR 1 - Exploring Physiological Traits as Predictors of Heat Content in Chile Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
Chile peppers (C. annuum L.) are valued for their capsaicinoid content, which contributes to their pungency (heat) and has various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Assessing photosynthetic efficiency through the LICOR-600 porometer/fluorometer (https://www.licor.com/env/products/LI-600/) provides insights into the physiological vigor of the plants. This study employs a comprehensive suite of machine learning models to investigate the correlation between photosynthetic efficiency (stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence) and Scoville Heat Units (SHU) to predict the capsaicinoid content within 20 chile pepper varieties. Photosynthetic data were collected at two sites, Fabian Garcia Science Center and Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center, Las Cruces, NM, with readings taken from three different leaves of each of five plants per genotype. Capsaicinoid levels were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for each variety. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) were implemented to discern the primary influencers on capsaicinoid production. Five predictive models were explored: Decision trees, Random forests, Ridge regression, LASSO Regression, and Support Vector Regression. Each model was applied to predict both total SHU values and categorical SHU labels (mild, hot, very hot). Among these, the decision tree model was the most superior, achieving an R² of 0.77. Initial findings indicate notable variability in photosynthetic activity and capsaicinoid concentrations across the varieties, suggesting a significant but complex relationship that may guide future genetic improvements. The challenges in modeling can be attributed to data collection constraints. Additionally, uniform growing conditions across all test plants might have limited the variability necessary for more definitive model differentiation. This analysis not only advances our understanding of the physiological and genetic factors affecting capsaicinoid content but also underscores the complexities of modeling agricultural traits under consistent environmental conditions. Future research should consider more frequent data collection and the introduction of environmental stressors to better capture the dynamics influencing capsaicinoid production in chile peppers. Key word: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Scoville heat unit, photosynthetic efficiency
Speakers
MI

Muhammad Ibrar Khan

New Mexico State University
Co-authors
DN

Dennis Nicuh Lozada

New Mexico State University
EK

Ehtisham Khokhar

New Mexico State University (NMSU)
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
South Pacific 3

5:45pm HST

WUM 2 - Water Supply Resilience Through Florida-Friendly Landscaping
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
Traditional irrigated landscapes and in particular turfgrass dominated landscapes are being challenged across the U.S. due in part to the demand on potable water supplies. So called “ornamental” turfgrass will be outlawed in Nevada by 2027 and efforts are underway in other areas of the desert southwestern states to do the same. Meanwhile, in these areas, aggressive turfgrass removal programs utilizing financial incentives are occurring. This dramatic change is due to water supply associated with the Colorado River and western water supply in general. In the eastern U.S. changes are occurring in new development in North Carolina warm season grasses are displacing cool season grasses in new landscapes. Accordingly the new trend is to install bermudagrass without irrigation. In Florida, numerous municipalities have or are adopting codes mandating a maximum of the landscaped area as 60% sprinkler irrigation, which means turfgrass, and in some municipalities as low as 20% of the landscaped area. The remainder of the landscaped area is filled with a mixture of microirrigated ornamentals, mulched area, or unirrigated turfgrass. Some newer developments are eliminating irrigated turfgrass altogether. The Florida-Friendly Landscaping (FFL) program is uniquely positioned to deliver education relevant to the radical change that is occurring in designed and built landscapes. Many local governments are adopting landscape codes that include or mandate FFL principles. This talk will discuss these trends along with the factors driving this cultural change of landscapes and in particular the use of turfgrass in landscapes. Additionally, the talk will focus on the challenges ahead for landscapes under water supply constraints and how they may impact nonpoint source pollution from urban areas.
Speakers
MD

Michael Dukes

Professor & Director, University of Florida
Tuesday September 24, 2024 5:45pm - 6:00pm HST
Nautilus

6:00pm HST

Welcome Reception
Tuesday September 24, 2024 6:00pm - 7:00pm HST
Welcome to Honolulu!

Admission to the conference Welcome Reception is included in the conference registration fee for the registrant only.  If you are interested in bringing a guest (even a child) to this reception, you will need to purchase an appropriate Welcome Reception Guest Ticket (Adult or Child) in order for that individual to be allowed access to the reception.
Tuesday September 24, 2024 6:00pm - 7:00pm HST
Great Lawn
 


Share Modal

Share this link via

Or copy link

Filter sessions
Apply filters to sessions.
Filtered by Date - 
  • Career and Professional Development
  • Colloquium
  • Competitions
  • General - Registration/Speaker Center /etc.
  • Hort Theater & Collaboration Center
  • Interactive Workshop
  • Interest Group Session
  • Keynotes and Featured Sessions
  • Colloquium
  • Meetings - Committee/Division/interest Group
  • Oral presentation (Individual talk)
  • Oral Sessions
  • Poster presentation (individual talk)
  • Poster Session
  • Reception
  • Ticketed Events